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New Results On Inhibition Of Clostridia Development In Silages, E. Kaiser, K. Weiß, I. Polip

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The prevention of clostridial activity in silages is one of the most important aims in silage making. Clostridial activity in silages is especially expressed as the occurrence of butyric acid and as increased content of clostridial spores. A rapid reduction in the pH value at the beginning of fermentation process is considered as the most important factor for inhibition of clostridial development. It is assumed, that, if the “critical pH value” will be quickly achieved, clostridial activity in silages can be stopped. In experiments concerning the fermentation process it was found that the effect of acidification and dry matter content …

Ensilability And Silage Quality Of Different Cocksfoot Varieties, U. Wyss

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Various factors determine the ensilability of plant crops. In addition to dry matter content, sugar and protein content, buffering capacity, plant structure, soil contaminations and epiphytic microflora are also important. In Switzerland, various mixtures and also pure swards are continuously revised on the basis of results from variety testing programs. The main parameters for these tests are the yield and nutrient contents. However, in terms of ensilability and silage quality, no systematic tests have been carried out. For this reason, we have tested the ensilability of different cocksfoot varieties as well as the quality of the silages.

Effects Of Silage Preparation And Microbial Silage Additives On Biogas Production From Whole Crop Maize Silage, M. Neureiter, C. Perez Lopez, H. Pichler, R. Kirchmayr, R. Braun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Biogas applications based on the production of energy from renewable resources have emerged in the past years due to several countries setting quotas for bioenergy thus promoting anaerobic digestion for heat and electricity generation. Maize is one of the most common substrates for biogas production based on energy crops because of the high yields per hectare with ensiling as the preferred method for storage. Experiments were performed to investigate whether conditions during the silage fermentation and the addition of starter cultures can affect the biogas yields.

Ensiling Characteristics Of Sudangrass Silage Treated With Green Tea Leaf Waste Or Green Tea Polyphenols, M. Kondo, K. Kita, H. Yokota

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Green tea waste (GTW), emitted from beverage companies manufacturing tea drinks, contains high crude protein (CP) and polyphenols. Kondo et al. (2004) showed that GTW addition to forage ensiling enhanced lactic acid fermentation and decreased pH value. Ishihara et al. (2001) showed that high counts of Lactobacillus species were maintained and the counts of clostridia were decreased in the intestinal microflora of animals fed the diet containing green tea polyphenols (GTP). It is hypothesised that GTP might activate lactic acid bacteria and enhance silage fermentation. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of GTW and GTP as silage …

A 16s Rdna-Based Quantitative Assay For Monitoring Lactobacillus Plantarum In Silage, M. Klocke, K. Mundt, C. Idler, P. O'Kiely, S. Barth

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ensilage of herbaceous biomass can be enhanced by applying pre-selected fermentative bacteria, however insufficient is known about the population dynamics of such starter cultures under a range of ensiling conditions. Classical methods for species-specific quantification of bacteria are labour intensive. An alternative approach is the detection of bacteria based on molecular markers for species-specific regions within their genomic DNA (e.g. the 16S rDNA sequence). In this study, a quantitative marker assay using the real-time PCR technique (Q-PCR) is described for Lactobacillus plantarum, a bacterium often used for silage starter cultures.

A Comparison Of The Efficacy Of An Ultra-Low Volume Applicator For Liquid-Applied Silage Inoculants With That Of A Conventional Applicator, G. Marley, G. Pahlow, H. -H. Herrmann, T. R. Owen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Liquid-applied silage inoculants are normally sprayed onto forages cut for ensiling at application rates from 1 to 3 l/t. Applicator tanks can require frequent re-filling, especially with large self-propelled forage harvesters having harvest rates in excess of 1000 t/d. This can be an issue for fields remote from the farm, for areas with restricted water availability and for contractors paid by the area harvested. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of inoculant distribution on the crop using a simple, ultra-low volume (ULV) applicator compared with a conventional liquid-applied silage inoculant applicator.

Improving The Aerobic Stability Of Whole-Crop Cereal Silages, I. Filya, E. Sucu, A. Karabulut

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Whole-crop cereal silages, such as wheat, sorghum, and maize are susceptible to aerobic deterioration, especially in warm climates. This is because aerobic yeasts are the most active at 20-30°C (Ashbell et al., 2002). Therefore, it is very important to find suitable additives that inhibit fungi and protect the silage upon aerobic exposure. Propionibacterium acidipropionici is propionic acid bacteria (PAB), which produce propionic and acetic acid in silage. Results with these micro-organisms in laboratory studies were promising with regard to aerobic stability. The purpose of the present work was to study the effects of PAB, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and …

Microbial Changes And Aerobic Stability In High Moisture Maize Silages Inoculated With Lactobacillus Buchneri, R. A. Reis, E. O. Almeida, G. R. Siqueira, T. F. Bernardes, E R. Janusckiewicz, M. T. P. Roth

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Oxygen exposure changes microbial and chemical profiles of silages after silo opening. Yeast and fungi are the main active microorganisms responsible by consumption of nutrients and fermentative residual products, which increases temperature in the ensilaged mass. The Lactobacillus buchneri (L. buchneri) has been considered an aerobic stability controller. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of L. buchneri in ensilage process of high moisture maize.

Aerobic Stability And Nutritive Value Of Low Dry Matter Maize Silage Treated With A Formic Acid-Based Preservative, I. Filya, E. Sucu, A. Karabulut

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aerobic stability is one of the major problems of the ensiling process, especially in warm climates. Ashbell et al. (2002) have shown that at 30°C, the development of aerobic yeast and moulds in silages is most intensive. In Turkey all silages are susceptible to air penetration during storage and unloading with a large proportion of the silage spoiled and in extreme cases all the silage is spoiled. The purpose of the present work was to study the effects of formic acid-based preservative (FAB; Kemisile® 2000, Kemira Oyj-Industrial Chemicals, Finland) on the aerobic stability and nutritive value of maize silage.

An In Vitro Study On The Influence Of Residual Sugars On Aerobic Changes In Grass Silages, S. D. Martens, G. Pahlow, J. M. Greef

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

How do residual sugars in high dry matter grass silages influence microbial metabolism? To answer this question a simple laboratory method was developed using pH as main indicator for aerobic changes.

The Effects Of The Growth Stage And Inoculant On Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Whole-Plant Grain Sorghum Silage, E. Tabacco, G. Borreani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is well adapted to environments with limited rainfall and low soil fertility. Today, on dry land, improved grain sorghum hybrids may be a valid alternative to maize silage and they may give DM yields and digestible energy that are comparable to maize, but at lower production costs (Legarto, 2000). Harvesting crops for silage at an early stage of maturity (low DM content) may result in silage with a higher acid content and low nutritional quality, while harvesting crops at a later stage of maturity may make the forage more difficult to chop and pack. …

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Using Wilting And Additives (1) (Eu Fp V -Project ‘Sweetgrass’), P. O'Kiely, H. Howard, G. Pahlow, R. J. Merry, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Higher concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in silage offer ruminant nutrition and environmental attractions. Both successful field wilting and alternative silage additives provide the opportunity to manipulate silage WSC by modifying fermentation and/or improving aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype that differed in field wilting or additive use.

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Unwilted Silage Using Additives (2) (Eu-Project ‘Sweetgrass’), H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grass cultivars bred for elevated concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) could have improved silage preservation but possibly disimproved aerobic stability. Additives can be used to manipulate fermentation and thereby increase silage WSC. They can also influence aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of unwilted silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype that differed in additive use.

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Wilted Silage Using Additives (3) (Eu-Project ‘Sweetgrass’), H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rapid field-drying of grass prior to successful ensilage restricts fermentation and can assist preservation, but can consequently result in silages that are prone to aerobic deterioration at feedout. Additives that directly (e.g. potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate) or indirectly (e.g. formic acid or Lactobacillus plantarum, via manipulation of fermentation) alter yeast activity at feedout could modify silage aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of wilted silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) genotype that differed in additive use.

The Effect Of Additive Containing Formic Acid On Quality And Aerobic Stability Of Silages Made Of Endophyte-Infected Green Forage, L. Podkówka, J. Mikołajczak, E. Staszak, P. Dorszewski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Festuca species grasses are very often infected with endophytic fungi Neothypodium, that produce ergotic alkaloids, peramins etc. (Podkówka et al., 2003). Produced green forage can be dangerous to animals. The basic preservation method of such green forages is ensiling, especially with organic acids addition. Organic acids demonstrate destructive action on fungal organisms, as well as influence the quality and aerobic stability of forage. The objective of this study was to determine if the preservation of endophyte-infected green forage by ensiling with formic acid affects quality and aerobic stability of produced fodder.

School Personnel Lived Experiences Related To High School Engineering Education And The Covid-19 Pandemic, Justina R. Jackson, Katherine L. Boice, Stephen Cochran, Brooke Skelton, Jeffrey Rosen, Marion Usselman

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

This study investigated the teaching experiences of three school personnel at a public high school during the 2020–2021 school year as they implemented a unique science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) unit with in-person and virtual students in their engineering classes during the Covid-19 pandemic. A research team interviewed two teachers and one administrator at the school to better understand the nuances of pre-college engineering during a pandemic year and how changes in school and district policy affected the instructional delivery of STEAM projects. Narrative analytic methods were utilized to understand each participant’s experience and an inductive content thematic …

The Psychological Defense Mechanisms And Its Relationship With Depression Disorder Symptoms Among Yarmouk University Female Students In Jordan, Elaf Haroun Rashid Shlool

Hebron University Research Journal-B (Humanities) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- ب (العلوم الانسانيه

The study aimed to identify the level of each psychological defense mechanism, and depression disorder symptoms among female students of Yarmouk University in Jordan, along with identifying the relationship between them. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used DSQ-28 psychological defense mechanism scale and Beck's list of depression. The sample of the study consisted of (1392) female students from Yarmouk University in Jordan, who were chosen by the available randomized method. The results of the study showed that the level of each of the mechanisms of psychological defense, and depression disorder symptoms among Yarmouk University female students …

The Effectiveness Of Educational Platform Edmodo On Academic Achievement And Motivation Towards Learning And Development Of Core Thinking Skills In Arabic Subject Among 3rd Basic Grade Students, Fatima A. Wahba Jr, Dr. Abdelmuhdi Ali Aljarrah

Hebron University Research Journal-B (Humanities) - (مجلة جامعة الخليل للبحوث- ب (العلوم الانسانيه

The study aimed at uncovering the effectiveness of educational platform (Edmodo) on academic achievement and motivation towards learning and development of Core Thinking Skills in Arabic Subject among 3rd Basic Grade Students in Jordan, The study adopted the quasi-experimental design, in order to achieve the objectives of the study, the following instruments were designed: an achievement test, a motivation scale for learning, and a scale of core thinking skills, where the validity and the reliability for the instruments have been verified and proven by appropriate methods. A site on Edmodo platform was also dedicated. The study sample consisted of (37) …

A Review On The Impact Of Cannabis In Society And The Analytical Methodologies For Cannabinoids, Matt J. Vergne, Lindsey K. Reynolds, Alexus Brown, Grayson Pullias, Anna Froemming

Faculty Works

The use of plant-based medicine dates back centuries, and cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is one such plant that has been used medicinally and illicitly. Although cannabis contains hundreds of cannabinoids and other natural products, its potential medicinal use was largely ignored by modern researchers due to the legal restrictions and heavy regulations introduced in the 1930s. As restrictions on cannabis access have eased since the 1990s there is renewed interest in the research of cannabinoids and the other components in the cannabis plant. The focus of this review article is an overview of cannabis and the analytical challenges in the quality …

Why Black History Is Your History: Three Black Songwriters Who Left An Indelible Impact On Every American Teenager, Mark Naison

Occasional Essays

No abstract provided.

Construct 3e Theory For S&T Budget Performance Evaluation, Improve Effectiveness Of S&T Budget, Ruhan A, Xiaoxuan Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The current practices of S&T budget performance evaluation in China put more weight on efficacy than efficiency and effectiveness. This study puts forward an innovative 3E theory in the field of S&T budgeting performance evaluation based on Peter Checkland's 3E evaluation model and the existing practices of S&T budget performance evaluation in China. To unswervingly uphold and approach the new request for improving the S&T input effectiveness emphasized at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, it is a must to carry out a comprehensive S&T budget performance evaluation in the new era on the basis of the 3E theory …

Marine Ecological Protection And Restoration: International Agendas And China Action, Ke Duan, Zhengyan Liu, Shengkang Liang, Yanbin Li, Dongliang Lu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

International conventions and initiatives can promote collective action against global crises, and strengthen the efforts of countries to take concerted actions. This study summarizes the important international agendas related to marine ecological conservation and restoration, and analyzes China's policy mechanism in recent years. It believes that the policies in China and international documents are synergistic and effective in jointly strengthening efforts to respond to the global crisis. This study also puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for China to build a detailed regional marine ecological map, strengthen ecological corridor restoration, improve scientific and technological support systems, and promote international cooperation …

Characteristics Analysis And Inspiration Of The Us Brain Initiative, Mian Zu, Ying Wang, Wei Liu, Zexi Xin, Lei Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Major countries have launched brain initiatives for competition, aiming to gain strategic priority in the area of brain ultimate frontier for human being in the course of recognizing nature. The US BRAIN Initiative is a scientific project comparable to the Human Genome Project in scale and potential impact. Accelerating the development and application of new technologies and tools is the driving force for the US BRAIN Initiative, which takes the lead in race owing to its realistic and innovative development mode. This study briefly reviews the implementation progress, the strategic reports and research achievements of the US BRAIN Initiative, and …

New Study Identifies A Potential Therapeutic Target For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer In Black Patients, Adam Pope

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Stress Tolerance Is Influenced By Artificial Light At Night During Development And Life-History Strategy, Alyssa M. Bonfoey, Jessica Chen, Zachary R. Stahlschmidt

Pacific Faculty Work

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasingly prevalent worldwide, but life-history strategy may mitigate the costs of ALAN for animals. Yet, interactions among ALAN, life-history strategy and tolerance to climate-related stressors are unknown. We determined if developmental ALAN exposure (1) affects development, (2) affects adult phenotype, including heat and desiccation tolerance, and (3) affects and/or interacts with life-history strategy. We used the variable field cricket (Gryllus lineaticeps) because its geographic range is increasingly exposed to ALAN, heat, and drought conditions, and it exhibits different life-history strategies (flight-capability versus flight-incapability). ALAN affected adult phenotype, with positive effects on body mass (and …

The Hbcu Experience: Why I Chose My Hbcu And How It Helped Me Prepare For My Career, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Educational Panels

Panel/Event Coordinator: Angela Richardson

Facilitated by: Dr. Anita White

Panelists:

• Justin Alfred | Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge
• Jayda Yancy ‘19 | North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
• Tony Richardson II | Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge
• Joseph Pollard | Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
• Ja’Nae McGee | Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge
• Zoe Mitchell ‘19 | Xavier University, New Orleans
• Darryl Burrell Jr. | Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD
• Joseph Bertrand ‘20 | North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC
• Dr. Garry J. Kennebrew Jr. ‘04 | Morehouse College, …

Introduction To Bioaerosols Assessment And Control, 2nd Edition, Cheri Marcham, John (Jack) Springston

Publications

• Risk Assessment
• Assessment for the Presence of Bioaerosols
• Sampling
• Purpose/ Necessity
• Interpretation Controls
  • Ventilation
  • Other Controls

Recurring Errors In Studies Of Gender Differences In Variability, Theodore P. Hill

Research Scholars in Residence

The past quarter century has seen a resurgence of research on the controversial topic of gender differences in variability, in part because of its potential implications for the issue of under- and over-representation of various subpopulations of our society, with respect to different traits. Unfortunately, several basic statistical, inferential, and logical errors are being propagated in studies on this highly publicized topic. These errors include conflicting interpretations of the numerical significance of actual variance ratio values; a mistaken claim about variance ratios in mixtures of distributions; incorrect inferences from variance ratio values regarding the relative roles of sociocultural and biological …

Diverse Marine T4-Like Cyanophage Communities Are Primarily Comprised Of Low-Abundance Species Including Species With Distinct Seasonal, Persistent, Occasional, Or Sporadic Dynamics, Emily Dart, Jed A. Fuhrman, Nathan A. Ahlgren

Biology

Cyanophages exert important top-down controls on their cyanobacteria hosts; however, concurrent analysis of both phage and host populations is needed to better assess phage-host interaction models. We analyzed picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus and T4-like cyanophage communities in Pacific Ocean surface waters using five years of monthly viral and cellular fraction metagenomes. Cyanophage communities contained thousands of mostly low-abundance (<2% relative abundance) species with varying temporal dynamics, categorized as seasonally recurring or non-seasonal and occurring persistently, occasionally, or sporadically (detected in ≥85%, 15-85%, or <15% of samples, respectively). Viromes contained mostly seasonal and persistent phages (~40% each), while cellular fraction metagenomes had mostly sporadic species (~50%), reflecting that these sample sets capture different steps of the infection cycle-virions from prior infections or within currently infected cells, respectively. Two groups of seasonal phages correlated to Synechococcus or Prochlorococcus were abundant in spring/summer or fall/winter, respectively. Cyanophages likely have a strong influence on the host community structure, as their communities explained up to 32% of host community variation. These results support how both seasonally recurrent and apparent stochastic processes, likely determined by host availability and different host-range strategies among phages, are critical to phage-host interactions and dynamics, consistent with both the Kill-the-Winner and the Bank models.

Mmu: 02/20/23–02/26/23, Student Bar Association

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