Digital Commons Network^™

Predicting The Effects Of Management On Upland Birds, Economy And Employment, S. M. Gardner, G. M. Buchanan, J. W. Pearce-Higgins, M. C. Grant, A. Waterhouse

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock farming systems play a significant role in the economy and conservation of the UK uplands and rely heavily upon public financial support. Changes in that support could have far-reaching impacts on the wildlife interest and socio-economics of upland areas. Predicting the impacts of such changes is difficult, since they arise from responses to new economic circumstances. The effect of management change is also influenced by natural variation, such as the mosaic of plant communities, already present in the upland landscape. This paper sets out an approach that integrates theoretical models with field studies to investigate the effects of management …

Managing Resources By Grazing In Grasslands Dominated By Dominant Shrub Species, D. Magda, Cyril Agreil, Michel Meuret, E. Chambon-Dubreuil, P. -L. Osty

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The European natural grasslands are attracting new attention because of their environmental value as habitats for threatened fauna and flora species and their contribution to the diversity of landscapes. Those responsible for the implementation of the European agri-environmental policy are hence encouraging livestock farmers to adopt grazing practices that contribute to the conservation of grassland biodiversity especially by limiting encroachment by dominant shrubs. However, current scientific knowledge and technical information are often insufficient to connect flock feeding and the impact of grazing on shrub dynamics and livestock farmers are not very enthusiastic about restoring or conserving “plant mosaics” including shrubs …

Challenges In Modelling Live-Weight Change In Grazed Pastures In The Australian Subtropics, C. K. Mcdonald, A. J. Ash

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In sub-tropical regions there is enormous seasonal, annual and spatial variation in pasture quality and considerable variation in quality between pasture species. The heterogeneous structure of sub-tropical pasture swards means that process based modelling of liveweight change (LWC) is particularly difficult. In response to this complexity LWC has been expressed as a function of the length of the growing season and/or pasture utilization (McKeon et al. 2000), green leaf availability, or pasture availability and climate (Hirata et al. 1993). However, these relationships vary from year to year, often fail when species composition changes, and generally explain

Vegetation Dynamics Of Campos Under Grazing/Fire Regimes In Southern Brazil, Fernando L. F. De Quadros, J. P. P. Trinidade, D. G. Bandinelli, L. Pötter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural grassland vegetation in Southern Brazil, known as campos, has most likely evolved under a disturbance regime that included fire and grazing (Pillar et al., 1997). Nowadays, the composition of the vegetation of campos is grazing- and fire-dependent (Boldrini et al., 1997). Its importance can be evaluated by the fact that it represents 37 % of the state’s area and provides 77 % of the slaughtered cattle at Rio Grande do Sul (Barcellos et al., 2002). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the vegetation dynamics of campos under grazing/fire regimes in order to explore the …

Accumulation Of Polyphenols And Major Bioactive Compounds In Plantago Lanceolata L. As A Medicinal Plant For Animal Health And Production, Y. Tamura, K. Yamaki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Producing animals without the use of feed-grade antibiotic growth promoters and chemical medicines is sought. Scientific studies with this aim have focused on medicinal plants to identify and quantify any beneficial effects that they might have on animal production. Plantago lanceolata L. has been used in herbal medicines and is currently being evaluated as a potential pasture species because of its beneficial effects on animal health. In the present study, the accumulation of polyphenols in P. Lanceolata is compared to that in principal pasture species, and genetic variation and environmental changes in the major bioactive compounds in P. Lanceplata are …

Effect Of Urea-Treated Pennisetum Pedicellatum And Supplementation Of Concentrates With Urea On Milk Production Of “Mossi” Ewes, V. M. C. Bougouma-Yameogo, A. J. Nianogo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The “Mossi” sheep is a near parent of “Djallonke” sheep that live in sudano-sahelian area of Burkina Faso. However, there are few available results on dairy production from this breed. The treatment of straw with urea is a technique used in several developing countries to improve the nutritional value of gramineous forages (Sourabié et al., 1995). The aim of this study was to test the influence on the performance of “Mossi” ewes and on milk composition of treatment of Pennisetum pedicellatum (Pp) with urea in comparison with addition of urea to the concentrate feed.

Effect Of Stocking Rate On A Stipa Breviflora Desert Steppe Community Of Inner Mongolia, G. Han, Walter D. Willms, M. Zhao, A. Gao, S. Jiao, David R. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stocking rate is an important factor in grazing management. The stocking rate defines utilization and ultimately grazing pressure, which in turn affects grassland sustainability. Grassland sustainability is partly defined by its species composition and ultimately by its productivity. These attributes are unique for specific plant communities and the effect of stocking rate must be established for each in order to understand the community response to grazing and to determine its carrying capacity. While some information exists on the effects of stocking rate on livestock production in the Stipa breviflora Griseb. Desert Steppe (Wei et al., 2000), the effects on …

Using The N-Alkane Technique To Estimate The Herbage Intake And Diet Composition Of Cattle Grazing A Miscanthus Sinensis Grassland, Y. Zhang, Y. Togamura, K. Otsuki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plant wax alkanes are now widely used as marker substances (Dove & Mayes 1991) for the estimation of forage intake and diet composition of grazing herbivores. The objective of this study was to evaluate this method with cattle grazing a M. sinensis grassland in Japan.

Reasons For The Premature Decline In Astragalus Adsurgens Stands In Kerqin Sandy Land, Qizhong Sun, Z. L. Wang, J. G. Han, Y. W. Wang, G. R. Liu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Diseases partly account for reductions in Astragalus adsurgens stand longevity. The effect of some cultural practices on the control of pests and diseases have been reported (Hou, 1986; Nan, 1996), but few reports have detailed the relationship among soil fertiliser status, diseases and premature stand decline. This study was conducted to investigate these relationships in order to extend the longevity of Astragalus adsurgens stands.

Selecting Grassland Species For Saline Environments, M. E. Rogers, A. D. Craig, T. D. Colmer, R. Munns, S. J. Hughes, P. M. Evans, P. G. H. Nichols, R. Snowball, D. Henry, J. Deretic, B. Dear, M. Ewing

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Australia, around 5.7 million hectares of agricultural land are currently affected by dryland salinity or at risk from shallow water tables and this figure is expected to increase over the next 50 years (LWRA, 2001). Most improved grassland species cannot tolerate the combined effects of salt and waterlogging and, therefore, the productivity of sown grasslands in salt-affected areas is low. However, there is potential to overcome the lack of suitably adapted fodder species by introducing new, salt and waterlogging-tolerant species and by diversifying the gene pool of proven species. Potential species include exotic, naturalised and native Australian grass, legumes, …

Effects Of The Stage Of Growth And Inoculation On Proteolysis In Field Pea Silage, L. Cavallarin, G. Borreani, S. Antoniazzi, E. Tabacco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ensiling legumes is a good way of providing home-grown protein in dairy farms but severe protein degradation can occur when conserving legumes. Peas (Pisum sativum L.) are legumes with a high crude protein and starch content, that provide a high forage yield in a short growing period. Very little information is available on the protein value of field pea silage. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of stage of maturity and inoculant application on proteolysis in field pea silage in the Po Valley, NW Italy.

Grass Silage: Factors Affecting Efficiency Of N Utilisation In Milk Production, P. Huhtanen, K. J. Shingfield

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Low efficiency of N utilisation for milk production in cows fed grass silage-based diets is mainly due to excessive N losses in the rumen.
2. The type and extent of in silo fermentation can alter the balance of absorbed nutrients.
3. There is very little experimental evidence that the capture of N in the rumen can be improved by a better synchrony between energy and N release in the rumen. Nitrogen losses in the rumen can be reduced by decreasing the ratio between rumen degradable N and fermentable energy.
4. Rapeseed meal has increased milk protein output more than isonitrogenous soybean …

Decision Support For Grassland Systems In Developing Countries, P. K. Thornton

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Key points

1. Information flows in complex systems are often themselves highly complex, and decision support approaches based on linear input-output processes may have only limited impact.

2. How decisions are made, and how they can be appropriately supported, is often incompletely understood, in part because of inadequate understanding of the objectives and attitudes of all the decision makers involved.

3. Much of the developing world faces daunting problems in the coming 30 years, and appropriate information could play a critical role in dealing with these.

4. System complexity, household variability, and institutional intricacies have to be embraced rather than …

Rheumatoid Vasculitis Presenting With Incidental Renal Infarcts: Case Report And Literature Review, Fatima Halilu, Howard Hauptman

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Rheumatoid vasculitis is a rare and late complication of rheumatoid arthritis, affecting small to medium sized vessels. Inflammation in the vessel wall produces an occlusive vasculopathy with downstream infarction. We present the case of a 70-year-old female with long standing stable RA status post recent COVID-19 vaccination admitted with community acquired Legionnaires disease found to have an incidental renal infarct on chest imaging without a clear etiology. She improved from a respiratory standpoint but then had a fever spike with repeat imaging showing a second renal infarct and CT angiography showing extensive beading with aneurysmal dilation in the bilateral hepatic …

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Passivated Fluorescent Iron Oxide Quantum Dots For Turn-Off Detection Of Tetracycline In Biological Fluids, Sri Sudewi, Lutfi Chabib, Muhammad Zulfajri, Gangaraju Gedda, Genin Gary Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tetracycline is an antibiotic that has been prescribed for COVID-19 treatment, raising concerns about antibiotic resistance after long-term use. This study reported fluorescent polyvinylpyrrolidone-passivated iron oxide quantum dots (IO QDs) for detecting tetracycline in biological fluids for the first time. The as-prepared IO QDs have an average size of 2.84 nm and exist a good stability under different conditions. The IO QDs’ tetracycline detection performance could be attributed to a combination of static quenching and inner filter effect. The IO QDs displayed high sensitivity and selectivity toward tetracycline and achieved a good linear relationship with the corresponding detection limit being …

Development Of A Metabolomics-Based Data Analysis Approach For Identifying Drug Metabolites Based On High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Hsiao-Hsien Ting, Yi-Shiou Chiou, Tien-Yi Chang, Guan-Yu Lin, Pei-Jhen Li, Chia-Lung Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A metabolomics-based approach to data analysis is required for drug metabolites to be identified quickly. This study developed such an approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our approach is a two-stage one that combines a time-course experiment with stable isotope tracing. Pioglitazone (PIO) was used to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Consequently, PIO was taken as a model drug for identifying metabolites. During Stage I of data analysis, 704 out of 26626 ions exhibited a positive relationship between ion abundance ratio and incubation time in a time-course experiment. During Stage II, 25 isotope pairs were identified among …

Determination Of 24 Sulfonamide Antibiotics In Instant Pastries By Modified Quechers Coupled With Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Shuo Li, Can Zhang, Hui-Xin Tang, Yue Gu, Ai-Jing Guo, Ke Wang, Kao-Qi Lian

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

There were few reports about antibiotic residues in egg-containing products. In the study, an effective method for the simultaneous determination of 24 sulfonamide antibiotics in two instant pastries based on a modified QuEChERS sample preparation technique coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The results show that the average recoveries of the SAs at 5, 10, and 50 µg·kg^-1 levels were 67.6%-103.8%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 0.80-9.23%. The limit of detections (LODs) and limit of quantitations (LOQs) were 0.01-0.14 µg∙kg^-1 and 0.02-0.45 µg∙kg^-1, respectively. This method was suitable for analysis of …

Simultaneous Determination Of 24 Congeners Of 2- And 3‑Monochloropropanediol Esters And 7 Congeners Of Glycidyl Esters Using Direct Multi-Residue Analytical Lc-Ms/Ms Methods In Various Food Matrices, Ching-Chang Lee, Bo-Lun Lin, Yi-Wen Huang, Ning-Syuan Hsu, Wei-Hsiang Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Glycidyl esters (GEs) and 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (MCPDEs) are emerging process-generated food contaminants known as possible carcinogens. Herein, a direct method is developed and validated for the first time to simultaneously quantify seven GEs and twenty-four MCPDE congeners of processed foods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a single sequence without ester cleavage or derivatisation, thereby allowing for the simultaneous analysis of numerous food matrices with high accuracy and precision. Our results show levels of GEs varying from

Erinacine S From Hericium Erinaceus Mycelium Promotes Neuronal Regeneration By Inducing Neurosteroids Accumulation, Chun-Yu Lin, Yi-Ju Chen, Chih-Hsuan Hsu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Peng-Tzu Chen, Ting-Han Kuo, Chris T. Ho, Hsin-Hua Chen, Sih-Jia Huang, Ho-Chieh Chiu, Chin-Chu Chen, Eric Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Erinacines derived from Hericium erinaceus have been shown to possess various health benefits including neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases, yet the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we found that erinacine S enhances neurite outgrowth in a cell autonomous fashion. It promotes post-injury axon regeneration of PNS neurons and enhances regeneration on inhibitory substrates of CNS neurons. Using RNA-seq and bioinformatic analyses, erinacine S was found to cause the accumulation of neurosteroids in neurons. ELISA and neurosteroidogenesis inhibitor assays were performed to validate this effect. This research uncovers a previously unknown effect of erinacine S on raising the level of neurosteroids.

Regulatory Considerations For Generic Products Of Non-Biological Complex Drugs, Yu-Hsuan Liu, Yi-Shuo Chen, Ting Tseng, Min-Lin Jiang, Churn-Shiouh Gau, Lin-Chau Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Non-Biological Complex Drug (NBCD) Working Group defines an NBCD as “a medicinal product, not being a biological medicine, where the active substance is not a homo-molecular structure, but consists of different (closely related and often nanoparticulate) structures that cannot be isolated and fully quantitated, characterized and/or described by physicochemical analytical means”. There are concerns about the potential clinical differences between the follow-on versions and the originator products and within the individual follow-on versions. In the present study, we compare the regulatory requirements for developing generic products of NBCDs in the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). The …

Recent Developments In Detection And Therapeutic Approaches For Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections, Kavya Moorthy, Kai-Chih Chang, Hsueh-Hui Yang, Wen-Min Su, Cheng-Kang Chiang, Zhiqin Yuan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Owing to the widespread emergence and proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the therapeutic benefits of antibiotics have been reduced. In addition, the ongoing evolution of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a challenge for the scientific community to develop sensitive analytical methods and innovative antimicrobial agents for the detection and treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this review, we have described the antibiotic resistance mechanisms that occur in bacteria and summarized the recent developments in detection strategies for monitoring drug resistance using different diagnostic methods in three aspects, including electrostatic attraction, chemical reaction, and probe-free analysis. Additionally, to understand the effective inhibition of drug-resistant …

Stop The Games: How Broker-Dealer Gamification Affronts Antitrust, Tanner Dowdy

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Vision Of The Anti-Racist Public Corporation, Steven A. Ramirez

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Brief Of Amici Curiae Fred T. Korematsu Center For Law And Equality, Teamchild, And Washington Association Of Criminal Defense Lawyers In Support Of Petitioner, Jessica Levin, Melissa R. Lee, Robert S. Chang, Fred T. Korematsu Center For Law And Equality, Teamchild, Washington Association Of Criminal Defense Lawyers

Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality

In re the Personal Restraint of Keonte Smith, Petitioner.

College Faculty In The News: March 10, 2023, University Of Dayton

College of Arts and Sciences Newsroom

News agencies across the region, the nation and throughout the world often reach out to our faculty experts for their perspectives on today's issues.

A Multiscale Mechanistic Model Of Human Dendritic Cells For In-Silico Investigation Of Immune Responses And Novel Therapeutics Discovery, Sara Sadat Aghamiri, Bhanwar Lal Puniya, Rada Amin, Tomáš Helikar

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the unique ability to mediate inflammatory responses of the immune system. Given the critical role of DCs in shaping immunity, they present an attractive avenue as a therapeutic target to program the immune system and reverse immune disease disorders. To ensure appropriate immune response, DCs utilize intricate and complex molecular and cellular interactions that converge into a seamless phenotype. Computational models open novel frontiers in research by integrating large-scale interaction to interrogate the influence of complex biological behavior across scales. The ability to model large biological networks will likely pave the …

Spine Bracing: When To Utilize-A Narrative Review., John L Cerillo, Alexander N Becsey, Chai P Sanghadia, Kevin T Root, Brandon Lucke-Wold

HPD Articles

Spinal bracing is a common non-surgical technique that allows clinicians to prevent and correct malformations or injuries of a patient's spinal column. This review will explore the current standards of practice on spinal brace utilization. Specifically, it will highlight bracing usage in traumatic injuries, pregnancy, pediatrics, osteoporosis, and hyperkyphosis; address radiological findings concurrent with brace usage; and provide an overview of the braces currently available and advancements in the field. In doing so, we aim to improve clinicians' understanding and knowledge of bracing in common spinal pathologies to promote their appropriate use and improve patient outcomes.

Blue Notes, March 10, 2023 (Issue 2023-02), Illinois State University, Department Of Chemistry

Blue Notes

Newsletter of the Illinois State University Department of Chemistry

March 10, 2023 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Ud In The News March 3-10, University Of Dayton

News Releases

The Conversation, The National Desk, Politico and The Circuit News are among the national outlets seeking UD faculty expertise. Regional and local media highlighted several faculty and initiatives, including the NCAA First Four.