Digital Commons Network^™

Enhancing Near-Field Wireless Localization With Lidar-Assisted Ris In Multipath Environments, Omar Rinch, Ahmed Elzanaty, Ahmad Alsharoa

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In Next-Generation Wireless Networks that Adopt Millimeter-Waves and Large RIS, the User is Expected to Be in the Near-Field Region, Where the Widely Adopted Far-Field Algorithms based on Far-Field Can Yield Low Positioning Accuracy. Also, the Localization of UE Becomes More Challenging in Multipath Environments. in This Paper, We Propose a Localization Algorithm for a UE in the Near-Field of a RIS in Multipath Environments. the Proposed Scheme Utilizes a LiDAR to Assist the UE Positioning by Providing Geometric Information About Some of the Scatterers in the Environment. This Information is Fed to a Sparse Recovery Algorithm to Improve the …

Analysis On The Effect Of Averaging Duration On Radio Frequency Dosimetry In Residential Environments, Reza Asadi, Hadi Aliakbarian, Amir Sahraei, Reza Yazdani, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Potential Hazards of Electromagnetic Waves Have Raised Concerns in Related Authorities to Propose Standards and Limit Lines on the Electromagnetic Field Levels. Most of the Radio Frequency (RF) Dosimetry Measurement Procedures Referred to in Safety Compliance Standards, suggest 6-Minute Averaging, in Addition to Spatial Averaging, Which Can Be Time-Consuming for Primary Measurements. Measurement Analysis in Residential Environment in This Paper Demonstrates that Lowering the Time Interval of Measurements to About 30 Seconds, Which Suggests the Possibility of Reducing the Measurement Time with Minimal Reduction to Measurement Accuracy. for All Measurement Results Shown in This Paper, having a 30-Second Averaging …

Analysis On Extraction Of Potential Radiated Emission Limit Line For Data Center Equipment From 10 Ghz To 40 Ghz, Zhekun Peng, Wei Zhang, Jong Hwa Kwon, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Radiated Emission (RE) Potential Limit Line for Router System is Analyzed from 10 GHz to 40 GHz based on CISPR TR 16-4-4 Standard. Statistical Data is Collected for the Limit Line Extraction from Measurement, Numerical Analysis, 3D Full-Wave Simulation and Literature Studies. All the Factors Considered in Limit Line Calculation Are Analyzed for Data Center Equipment Operation. the Result of Extracted Potential Limit Line Shows the Rising Limit Line between 10 GHz and 40 GHz Frequency Band for Potential Future Radiated Emission Limit Line above 40 GHz Targeted for High-Speed Equipment Radiated Emission. This Paper is Not a Standard …

Design And Construction Of An Arbitrary Pulse Compressive Amplifier, Cody Goins, Aaron Harmon, Victor Khilkevich, Daryl G. Beetner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Compressive Pulse Amplifiers Are a Class of Amplifiers that Convert Long Low Amplitude Signals into Very Broadband Pulses of High Amplitude, Yielding a Very High Instantaneous Peak Power Output Pulse. However, in the Realm of Electronic Immunity and Susceptibility Testing, Very Broadband Short Pulses Are Not Always Desired. This Work Presents a Design for a Compressive Amplifier that is Aimed at Creating Arbitrary Pulsed Signals of Varying Bandwidths. Limitations of the Achievable Gain and Methods Used Are Discussed.

Virtual Inertia Scheduling (Vis) For Real-Time Economic Dispatch Of Ibrs-Penetrated Power Systems, Buxin She, Fangxing Li, Hantao Cui, Jinning Wang, Qiwei Zhang, Rui Bo

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A New Concept Called Virtual Inertia Scheduling (VIS) is Proposed to Efficiently Handle the Increasing Penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) in Power Systems. VIS is an Inertia Management Framework that Targets Security-Constrained and Economy-Oriented Inertia Scheduling and Generation Dispatch with a Large Scale of Renewable Generations. Specifically, It Determines the Appropriate Power Setting Points and Reserved Capacities of Synchronous Generators and IBRs, as Well as the Control Modes and Control Parameters of IBRs to Provide Secure and Cost-Effective Inertia Support. First, a Uniform System Model is Employed to Quantify the Frequency Dynamics of the IBRs-Penetrated Power Systems after Disturbances. Leveraging …

Equivalent Force Extraction Methodology For Electrical Component Induced Pcb Vibration, Yifan Ding, Jianmin Zhang, Ming Feng Xue, Xin Hua, Benjamin Leung, Eric A. Macintosh, Chulsoon Hwang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

On-board electrical components can cause printed circuit board (PCB) vibration, thus generating audio noise if the electrical noise is in the audible frequency range. The electrical component-induced vibration can be equated to an external force applied to the PCB. This article presents a novel methodology to extract the equivalent force of electrical components on a PCB to study board vibration and potential acoustic noise problems. The method is based on a combination of measurement and simulation, wherein PCB vibration is used as the medium in the extraction process. The methodology is validated by the correlation of PCB vibration pattern, frequency, …

Guest Editorial Special Section On The 2022 Ieee International Instrumentation And Measurement Technology Conference, Sergio Rapuano, Kristen M. Donnell, Pawel Niewczas

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

A Statistical Shmoo For A Decision Feedback Equalizer (Dfe), Junyong Park, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article proposes a statistical shmoo for a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE). A statistical shmoo shows a Bit-Error Rate (BER) distribution of a system depending on conditions such as a threshold voltage and sampling time. The previous statistical eye diagram can be converted to a statistical shmoo except for the case of a DFE. In the shmoo, rows and columns represent different threshold voltages and sampling times, respectively. Thus, the DFE operation also depends on each row and column. Furthermore, a DFE may have error propagations because of substantial noise. Therefore, this article proposes a statistical shmoo for an ideal …

Cascaded Sapphire Fiber Bragg Gratings Inscribed By Femtosecond Laser For Molten Steel Studies, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Deva Prasad Neelakandan, Farhan Mumtaz, Rex E. Gerald, Laura Bartlett, Ronald J. O'Malley, Jeffrey D. Smith, Jie Huang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This research reports a distributed fiber optic high-temperature sensing system tailored for applications in the steel industry and various other sectors. Recent advancements in optical sensor technology have led to the exploration of sapphire crystal fibers as a solution for sensing in harsh environments. Utilizing a femtosecond (fs) laser, cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were meticulously fabricated within a multimode sapphire optical fiber. These FBGs endowed the system with distributed sensing capabilities and underwent rigorous testing under extreme temperatures, reaching up to 1,800 °C. The study delves into the investigation of the FBG reflection spectrum, facilitated by the development of …

Accelerated Statistical Eye Diagram Estimation Method For Efficient Signal Integrity Analysis, Junyong Park, Youngwoo Kim, Donghyun Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This article proposes an accelerated statistical eye diagram estimation method for efficient signal integrity (SI) analysis. An eye diagram is a critical metric in the SI analysis, however obtaining an eye diagram is time-consuming in simulation. The required time might be a few weeks depending on the complexity. Because the eye diagram is obtained by superposition of the received waveforms. Statistical eye diagram estimation methods were proposed to make the eye diagram acquisition efficient, however, it still has a limited improvement due to a large number of convolution operations. To address this limitation, the proposed method includes two approaches: (i) …

Implementing The Fast Full-Wave Electromagnetic Forward Solver Using The Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Architecture, He Ming Yao, Lijun Jiang, Michael Ng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this communication, a novel deep learning (DL)-based solver is proposed for the electromagnetic forward (EMF) process. It is based on the complex-valued deep convolutional neural networks (DConvNets) comprising an encoder network and a corresponding decoder network with pixel-wise regression layer. The encoder network takes the incident EM wave and the contrast (permittivity) distribution of the object as the input. It channels the processed data into the corresponding decoder network to predict the total EM field due to the scatter of the input incident EM wave. The training of the proposed DConvNets is done using the simple synthetic dataset. Due …

Solving Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problems In Inhomogeneous Media By Deep Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Structure, Huan Huan Zhang, He Ming Yao, Lijun Jiang, Michael Ng

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This communication proposes a novel deep learning (DL) approach to solve electromagnetic inverse scattering (EMIS) problems in inhomogeneous media. The conventional approaches for solving inhomogeneous EMIS problems generally have to consider inhomogeneous Green’s functions or conduct approximation operations to media, which inevitably introduces various challenges, including complex mathematical derivation, high computation cost, unavoidable nonlinearity, and even strong ill-posedness. To avoid these challenges, we propose a DL approach based on the complex-valued deep convolutional neural networks (DConvNets), which comprise the deep convolutional encoder–decoder (DCED) structure. Its training data are collected based on the simple synthetic dataset. While the scattered fields received …

Effects Of Downwash When Measuring Gas Concentration With Uav-Mounted Gas Sensors, Jacob Lane Brinkman

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research concludes that the downwash region of a rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) does not produce pressure variations substantial enough to cause significant changes in density-based gas concentration measurements. US regulations evaluate gas concentration as a function of gas density, and accurate concentration measurements are critical for protecting health and safety, which means evaluation of actual downwash effects on measured gas concentration is essential.

During experimentation, the UAV was fixed to a stand in a sealed chamber filled with NOx (NO and NO₂) of constant concentration. The UAV rotors ran at hovering speeds, and gas concentrations were …

Phosphate And Borophosphate Glasses For Optical And Biomedical Applications, Parker Tracy Freudenberger

Doctoral Dissertations

"The goal of this work was to connect the network structures of phosphate and borophosphate glasses to the compositional dependence of properties related to biomedical applications. The glasses were characterized by a variety of techniques, including phosphate ion chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, and ¹¹B and ³¹P Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, which provide qualitative and quantitative information about the phosphate and borate moieties that constitute the network structures. The systematic addition of borate to a phosphate glass initially creates tetrahedral borate sites that replace P-O-P linkages with B-O-P linkages, and the properties of the resulting borophosphate glasses …

Application Of Modeling Methodologies To Improve An Emergency Departments Workflow, Prachita Humane

Doctoral Dissertations

"The healthcare system in the United States is complex and challenging to understand, and the emergency department (ED) serves as a bridge between outpatient and inpatient care. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over 130 million people visited emergency rooms in the United States in 2018. The ED is composed of multiple subunits and components that make it difficult to comprehend fully. In this study, a combination of engineering analysis methods was used to identify and understand the issues in the ED.

The first contribution of this research involved collecting data through job shadowing of human entities …

Sustainable Development: A Data Analysis Investigation For A New Conceptual Model, Case Study Comparison And Validation Techniques, Tiffanie Marie Toles

Doctoral Dissertations

"The three pillars model for sustainability, often represented with three intersecting circles described as economic, environmental, and social factors with sustainability being at the center is a complex and philosophically open model [1]. As society promotes efforts to reduce carbon impacts, there becomes a need to critically review the models employed for understanding. This research presents a validated methodology, an updated conceptual configuration of sustainability for overall use, as well as a sustainable development performance measurement system. Using the 2020 Sustainable Development Goals Index Data, 232 indicators from 193 countries were used to evaluate the efficacy of using more than …

Characterization And Improvement Of Powder Properties Through Plasma Spheroidization For Use In The Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process, M. Hossein Sehhat

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research was conducted to characterize the powder properties using different characterization techniques to enhance the powder behavior in the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process. One of the shortcomings of LPBF process is the high cost of gas-atomized powder feedstock. To overcome this downside, the cheaper water-atomized powder was characterized and used in LPBF process, and its performance was compared with those of gas-atomized powder. Also, the plasma spheroidization process was used to improve the powder characteristics; if the spheroidized powder could function as well as the virgin powder, plasma spheroidization process could be applied to the used powders …

Efficient High Order Ensemble For Fluid Flow, John Carter

Doctoral Dissertations

"This thesis proposes efficient ensemble-based algorithms for solving the full and reduced Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations. The proposed ensemble methods require solving only one linear system with multiple right-hand sides for different realizations, reducing computational cost and simulation time. Four algorithms utilize a Generalized Positive Auxiliary Variable (GPAV) approach and are demonstrated to be second-order accurate and unconditionally stable with respect to the system energy through comprehensive stability analyses and error tests. Two algorithms make use of Artificial Compressibility (AC) to update pressure and a solenoidal constraint for the magnetic field. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate theoretical results and demonstrate …

Co2-Assisted Ethylene Production And Subsequent Purification: A Materials Development, Kinetic Assessment, And Process Performance Investigation, Khaled Baamran

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focuses on the In-Situ CO₂ capture and utilization in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) for ethylene production, and a subsequent ethylene purification through adsorptive separation process. In particular, several dual-function materials (DFMs) were developed, formulated into 3D-structure, and investigated for ODHE reaction to ethylene under various process conditions using CO₂ as a mild oxidant. The DFMs materials were consisted of CaO and metal oxides (e.g., Cr₂O₃ and V₂O₅) supporting H-ZSM-5. The results indicated that higher cell densities lead to better performance due to kinetic enhancement, and the optimum …

Advances In Differentially Methylated Region Detection And Cure Survival Models, Daniel Ahmed Alhassan

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation focuses on two areas of statistics: DNA methylation and survival analysis. The first part of the dissertation pertains to the detection of differentially methylated regions in the human genome. The varying distribution of gaps between succeeding genomic locations, which are represented on the microarray used to quantify methylation, makes it challenging to identify regions that have differential methylation. This emphasizes the need to properly account for the correlation in methylation shared by nearby locations within a specific genomic distance. In this work, a normalized kernel-weighted statistic is proposed to obtain an optimal amount of "information" from neighboring locations …

Near-Ir Spectroscopic Analysis Of The Primary Volatile Composition Of Long And Short-Period Comets, Younas Khan

Doctoral Dissertations

"Comets are among the most well-preserved objects that formed in the protosolar nebula ∼4.5 Gyr ago. Hence, they are important for understanding various aspects of the formation, evolution, and habitability of the solar system. Multiple primary volatiles (molecules directly sublimating into the coma from the nucleus) emit via rovibrational transitions in the near-IR, providing opportunities to calculate their abundances. To date, only ∼50 comets have been characterized for their primary volatiles, with the short-period Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) being significantly underrepresented. In contrast, hundreds of comets have been sampled at optical/UV wavelengths, primarily for the composition of daughter species, leading to …

Nutritional Management Of The Infant With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 2-5 And On Dialysis., Vanessa Shaw, Caroline Anderson, An Desloovere, Larry A. Greenbaum, Dieter Haffner, Christina L. Nelms, Fabio Paglialonga, Nonnie Polderman, Leila Qizalbash, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Stella Stabouli, Jetta Tuokkola, Johan Vande Walle, Bradley A. Warady, Rukshana Shroff

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The nutritional management of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is of prime importance in meeting the challenge of maintaining normal growth and development in this population. The objective of this review is to integrate the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce clinical practice recommendations for children with CKD stages 2-5 and on dialysis, as they relate to the infant from full term birth up to 1 year of age, for healthcare professionals, including dietitians, physicians, and nurses. It addresses nutritional assessment, energy and protein requirements, delivery of the nutritional prescription, and necessary dietary modifications in the case of abnormal serum levels …

Feasibility Of And Experience Using A Portable Mri Scanner In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit., Maura Sien, Amie L. Robinson, Houchun H. Hu, Christopher R. Nitkin, Ara Hall, Marcie G. Files, Nathan S. Artz, John T. Pitts, Sherwin S. Chan

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: A portable, low-field MRI system is now Food and Drug Administration cleared and has been shown to be safe and useful in adult intensive care unit settings. No neonatal studies have been performed. The objective is to assess our preliminary experience and assess feasibility of using the portable MRI system at the bedside in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at a quaternary children's hospital.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a single-site prospective cohort study in neonates ≥2 kg conducted between October and December 2020. All parents provided informed consent. Neonates underwent portable MRI examination in the NICU with support …

Changes In Distribution Of Severe Neurologic Involvement In Us Pediatric Inpatients With Covid-19 Or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children In 2021 Vs 2020., Kerri L. Larovere, Tina Y. Poussaint, Cameron C. Young, Margaret M. Newhams, Suden Kucukak, Katherine Irby, Michele Kong, Stephanie P. Schwartz, Tracie C. Walker, Melania M. Bembea, Kari Wellnitz, Kevin M. Havlin, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Mark W. Hall, Julie C. Fitzgerald, Jennifer E. Schuster, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Natasha B. Halasa, Aalok R. Singh, Elizabeth H. Mack, Tamara T. Bradford, Shira J. Gertz, Adam J. Schwarz, Katri V. Typpo, Laura L. Loftis, John S. Giuliano, Steven M. Horwitz, Katherine V. Biagas, Katharine N. Clouser, Courtney M. Rowan, Aline B. Maddux, Vijaya L. Soma, Christopher J. Babbitt, Cassyanne L. Aguiar, Amanda R. Kolmar, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Helen Harvey, Laura D. Zambrano, Angela P. Campbell, Adrienne G. Randolph, Overcoming Covid-19 Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

IMPORTANCE: In 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologic involvement was common in children and adolescents hospitalized in the United States for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related complications.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an update on the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2-related neurologic involvement among children and adolescents in 2021.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Case series investigation of patients reported to public health surveillance hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2-related illness between December 15, 2020, and December 31, 2021, in 55 US hospitals in 31 states with follow-up at hospital discharge. A total of 2253 patients were enrolled during the investigation period. Patients suspected of having …

Table Of Contents

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is the table of contents.

Do Trap-Neuter-Return (Tnr) Practices Contribute To Human–Coyote Conflicts In Southern California?, Danielle M. Bucklin, Jennifer M. Shedden, Niamh M. Quinn, Robert Cummings, Paul Stapp

Human–Wildlife Interactions

One possible contributor to the unusually high number of conflicts between coyotes (Canis latrans) and people in urban southern California, USA, may be the abundance of free-roaming domestic cats (Felis catus; cats) subsidized by feeding and augmented by trap-neuter-return (TNR) programs. To determine if coyotes regularly prey on and consume cats, we combined visual and molecular-genetic approaches to identify prey items in stomachs of 311 coyotes from Los Angeles County and Orange County, provided to the South Coast Research and Extension Center, in Irvine, California, between June 2015 and December 2018. We detected cat remains in …

Human–Black Bear Interactions And Public Attitudinal Changes In An Urban Ordinance Zone, Mark A. Barrett, Sarah E. Barrett, David J. Telesco, Michael A. Orlando

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Human–bear (Ursus spp.) interactions (HBI) commonly occur in residential areas throughout North America. Negative HBI can be alleviated by using bear-resistant garbage cans (BRC) and by securing other bear attractants (e.g., bird feeders). Since the early 2000s, human and Florida black bear (U. americanus floridanus) densities have increased substantially throughout Florida, USA, concurrently producing an increase in HBI. In central Florida, an area with high densities of humans and black bears, we surveyed 2 neighborhoods that occurred in an urban ordinance zone established in 2016 that required residents to secure anthropogenic food sources. Residents were supplied with …

Habituated, Tolerant, Or Salt-Conditioned Mountain Goats And Human Safety, Richard B. Harris, Kurt Aluzas, Laura Balyx, Jami Belt, Joel Berger, Mark Biel, Tonya Chilton-Radandt, Steeve D. Côté, Julie Cunningham, Adam Ford, Patti Happe, Chad P. Lehman, Kim Poole, Clifford G. Rice, Kirk Safford, Wesley Sarmento, Laura Wolf

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Interactions between humans and wildlife include a number of consumptive and non-consumptive forms. In some cases, the increased demand for wildlife viewing can precipitate new human–wildlife conflicts. Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus; goats) are native to a number of North American mountain ranges from southeastern Alaska to southwestern Montana, USA. Goat habitat typically consists of steep terrain and cold weather habitats, which has left them particularly vulnerable to climate change. Their alpine environments also make them vulnerable to disturbance by aircraft and land-based motorized human activity. We reviewed and characterized situations in which goats in close proximity to humans …

Conflict Animals, Or Conflict People—That Is The Question, Vincenzo Penteriani

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Managing conflictual sce­narios involving large carnivores is generally addressed from an animal-centric perspective. This is rather contradic­tory because such conflicts are mostly triggered by human conduct that acts on animal’s instinc­tive behaviors. Shifting conflict miti­gation perspectives to human behaviors may thus provide a more consistent management strategy than focusing only on animals. For example, human habituation and anthropogenic food conditioning are 2 main conflict drivers that mostly depend on human behavior. Thus, an approach that addresses the human dimension aspects of these conflicts needs to be reinforced. I offer 6 points to consider in prioritizing management to mitigate human–bear conflicts …

Hwi Monograph Series

Human–Wildlife Interactions

The HWI Monograph Series includes open access publications on wild pigs, black bears, deer, and a forthcoming title on free-ranging domestic cats.