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Optimal Agricultural Land Use: An Efficient Neutrosophic Linear Programming Method, Maissam Jdid, Florentin Smarandache

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The increase in the size of the problems facing humans, their overlap, the division of labor, the multiplicity of departments, as well as the diversity of products and commodities, led to the complexity of business and the emergence of many administrative and production problems. It was necessary to search for appropriate methods to confront these problems. The science of operations research, with its diverse methods, provided the optimal solutions. It addresses many problems and helps in making scientific and thoughtful decisions to carry out the work in the best way within the available capabilities. Operations research is one of the …

Overview Of Hypertension In Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Sulaiman A. Alshammari, Abdullah S. Alshammari, Hotoon S. Alshammari, Shaik S. Ahamed

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Saudi Arabia. Methods: We searched electronic databases and the references lists of found publications between 1990 and 2022. Original cross-sectional studies in English were included using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Saudi Digital Library. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the combined prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension. Results: Twenty-nine studies with 278873 individuals aged 14-100 were considered. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 22.66% (95% CI:18.95-26.60), Cochran’s Q=6221.98, dff=22, p <0.0001; I 2 =99.65%, Egger’s test ( p =0.0033) across 23 studies with 272378 people. The pooled hypertension awareness rate was 42.8% from 6 studies with 36046 participants (95% CI:35.66-50.01), Cochran’s Q=781.86, dff=5, p <0.0001; I 2 =99.4% and Egger’s test p =0.3772. The pooled proportion of hypertension patients treated in 6 studies involving 46075 samples was 59.4% (95% CI=38.14-79.02), Cochran’s Q=9793.79 dff=5, p <0.0001; I 2 =99.95%, Egger’s test p =0.8284. The pooled proportion of hypertension-controlled participants across 15 studies comprising 264817 subjects was 34.97% (95% CI: 27.62-42.68), Cochran’s Q=11048.28, dff=14, p <0.0001; I 2 =99.87% and Egger’s test p =0.9760. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was high, with low awareness, treatment, and control rates among Saudis. Therefore, policymakers and healthcare providers must work harmoniously to promote health and to prevent, detect, and control hypertension early. PROSPERO Reg. No.: CRD42023407978

Tlif Is Associated With Lower Rates Of Adjacent Segment Disease And Complications Compared To Alif: A Matched-Cohort Analysis, Xu Tao, Abhijith V. Matur, Syed Khalid, Louisa Onyewadume, Rebecca Garner, Kyle Mcgrath, Bryce Owen, Justin Gibson, Daryn Cass, Juan C. Mejia Munne, Phillip Vorster, Geet Shukla, Andrew Wu, Kelly Childress, Paolo Palmisciano, Henry Ofori Duah, Benjamin Motley, Joseph Cheng, Owoicho Adogwa

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Study Design. 

Retrospective cohort.

Objective. 

To compare the rate of adjacent segment disease (ASD) in patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) versus transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for the treatment of degenerative stenosis and spondylolisthesis.

Summary of Background Data. 

ALIF and TLIF are frequently used to treat Lumbar stenosis and spondylolisthesis. While both approaches have distinct advantages, it is unclear whether there are any differences in rates of ASD and postoperative complications.

Methods. 

A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent index 1-3 levels ALIF or TLIF between 2010 and 2022, using the PearlDiver Mariner Database, an all-claims insurance …

Associations Between Metabolomic Biomarkers Of Avocado Intake And Glycemia In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Alexis C Wood, Mark O Goodarzi, Mackenzie K Senn, Meghana D Gadgil, Goncalo Graca, Matthew A Allison, Ioanna Tzoulaki, Michael Y Mi, Philip Greenland, Timothy Ebbels, Paul Elliott, Russell P Tracy, David M Herrington, Jerome I Rotter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Avocado consumption is linked to better glucose homeostasis, but small associations suggest potential population heterogeneity. Metabolomic data capture the effects of food intake after digestion and metabolism, thus accounting for individual differences in these processes.

OBJECTIVES: To identify metabolomic biomarkers of avocado intake and to examine their associations with glycemia.

METHODS: Baseline data from 6224 multi-ethnic older adults (62% female) included self-reported avocado intake, fasting glucose and insulin, and untargeted plasma proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic features (metabolomic data were available for a randomly selected subset; N = 3438). Subsequently, incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) was assessed over an …

Geographic Differences In The Magnitude Of Black-White Disparities In Having Obesity, Steven A. Cohen, Monique J. Brown, Furong Xu, Caitlin C. Nash, Mary L. Greaney

Faculty Publications

Background

Obesity disparities in the United States are well documented, but the limited body of research suggests that geographic factors may alter the magnitude of these disparities. A growing body of evidence has identified a “rural mortality penalty” where morbidity and mortality rates are higher in rural than urban areas, even after controlling for other factors. Black-White differences in health and mortality are more pronounced in rural areas than in urban areas.

Objective

Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how rural-urban status and region moderate Black-White health disparities in obesity.

Methods

Data were abstracted from the 2012 …

Understanding Commitment Of Local Food Banks, Faith-Based Organizations, And Schools To Provide Nongovernment Food Programs, Eliza M. Fishbein, Edward A. Frongillo Ph.D., Sharraf Samin, Audrey L. Richards, Christine E. Blake Ph.D., Rd, Ruth P. Saunders, Cheri J. Shapiro

Faculty Publications

Background: Nongovernment food assistance is typically provided to families by faith-based organizations, schools, and food banks. Community organizations appear to be strongly committed to these programs, but little is known about the basis for this commitment. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the values and identities of community organizations to understand the reasons for their commitment to providing nongovernment food assistance. Methods: Thirty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with 36 leaders at faith-based organizations (19 participants), schools (14 participants), and a local food bank (3 participants) in South Carolina. Observations were made, and informational documents (e.g., flyers and …

Ignoring Clustering And Nesting Effects Are Invalid Analysis Choices In A Trial With Clustered Data In Trials Testing Causal Effects Re: "Impact Of A Montessori-Based Nutrition Program On Children's Knowledge And Eating Behaviors", Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Colby J Vorland, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Deborah H Glueck, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Vitale and Coccia conducted a study to examine the effects of a nutrition education program among school children, and reported statistically significant between-group effects for nutrition knowledge and liking tomatoes. In the study blocks of classrooms were assigned to the study conditions. Thus, with children nested within classrooms, and classrooms nested within blocks, the study has a two-level design, and block is the independent sampling unit. The analysis of the study must account for the two levels of clustering, but it did not. This render the conclusions reported in the paper unsubstantiated. For correcting the scientific record, reanalysis of the …

Inaccurate Confidence Intervals Reported In “The Healthy Kids & Families Study: Outcomes Of A 24-Month Childhood Obesity Prevention Intervention”, Xingsheng Li, Abu Bakkar Siddique, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Stephanie L Dickinson, Theodore K Kyle, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Expert Panel Curation Of 113 Primary Mitochondrial Disease Genes For The Leigh Syndrome Spectrum, Elizabeth M Mccormick, Kierstin Keller, Julie P Taylor, Alison J Coffey, Lishuang Shen, Danuta Krotoski, Brian Harding, Xiaowu Gai, Marni J Falk, Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham, Shamima Rahman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by inherited mitochondrial dysfunction. Classically defined neuropathologically as subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, Leigh syndrome spectrum (LSS) is the most frequent manifestation of PMD in children, but may also present in adults. A major challenge for accurate diagnosis of LSS in the genomic medicine era is establishing gene-disease relationships (GDRs) for this syndrome with >100 monogenic causes across both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.

Methods: The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Mitochondrial Disease Gene Curation Expert Panel (GCEP), comprising 40 international PMD experts, met monthly for 4 years to review GDRs for LSS. The GCEP …

Serum Metabolomic Markers Of Dairy Consumption: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study And The Bogalusa Heart Study, Lauren Bernard, Jingsha Chen, Hyunju Kim, Zhijie Huang, Lydia Bazzano, Lu Qi, Jiang He, Varun S Rao, Kaitlin S Potts, Tanika N Kelly, Kari E Wong, Lyn M Steffen, Bing Yu, Eugene P Rhee, Casey M Rebholz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Dairy consumption is related to chronic disease risk; however, the measurement of dairy consumption has largely relied upon self-report. Untargeted metabolomics allows for the identification of objective markers of dietary intake.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify associations between dietary dairy intake (total dairy, low-fat dairy, and high-fat dairy) and serum metabolites in 2 independent study populations of United States adults.

METHODS: Dietary intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate cross-sectional associations between dietary intake of dairy and 360 serum metabolites analyzed in 2 subgroups of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study …

Lowering Of Circulating Sclerostin May Increase Risk Of Atherosclerosis And Its Risk Factors: Evidence From A Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Followed By Mendelian Randomization, Jie Zheng, Eleanor Wheeler, Maik Pietzner, Till F M Andlauer, Michelle S Yau, April E Hartley, Ben Michael Brumpton, Humaira Rasheed, John P Kemp, Monika Frysz, Jamie Robinson, Sjur Reppe, Vid Prijatelj, Kaare M Gautvik, Louise Falk, Winfried Maerz, Ingrid Gergei, Patricia A Peyser, Maryam Kavousi, Paul S De Vries, Clint L Miller, Maxime Bos, Sander W Van Der Laan, Rajeev Malhotra, Markus Herrmann, Hubert Scharnagl, Marcus Kleber, George Dedoussis, Eleftheria Zeggini, Maria Nethander, Claes Ohlsson, Mattias Lorentzon, Nick Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Michael V Holmes, George Davey Smith, Jonathan H Tobias

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to establish the causal effects of lowering sclerostin, target of the antiosteoporosis drug romosozumab, on atherosclerosis and its risk factors.

METHODS: A genome-wide association study meta-analysis was performed of circulating sclerostin levels in 33,961 European individuals. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to predict the causal effects of sclerostin lowering on 15 atherosclerosis-related diseases and risk factors.

RESULTS: We found that 18 conditionally independent variants were associated with circulating sclerostin. Of these, 1 cis signal in SOST and 3 trans signals in B4GALNT3, RIN3, and SERPINA1 regions showed directionally opposite signals for sclerostin levels and …

Metabolomic Signatures Of Sedentary Behavior And Cardiometabolic Traits In Us Hispanics/Latinos: Results From Hchs/Sol, Jee-Young Moon, Jin Choul Chai, Bing Yu, Rebecca J Song, Guo-Chong Chen, Mariaelisa Graff, Martha L Daviglus, Queenie Chan, Bharat Thyagarajan, Sheila F Castaneda, Megan L Grove, Jianwen Cai, Xiaonan Xue, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Ramachandran S Vasan, Eric Boerwinkle, Robert C Kaplan, Qibin Qi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to understand the serum metabolomic signatures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior, and further associate their metabolomic signatures with incident cardiometabolic diseases.

METHODS: This analysis included 2711 US Hispanics/Latinos from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) aged 18-74 yr (2008-2011). An untargeted, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile the serum metabolome. The associations of metabolites with accelerometer-measured MVPA and sedentary time were examined using survey linear regressions adjusting for covariates. The weighted correlation network analysis identified modules of correlated metabolites in relation to sedentary time, and the modules …

An Evaluation Of Parent Engagement Amongst Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Families Of Haitian Descent, Jeptha V. Petit Frere

Doctor of Education (Ed.D)

Empirical research on family-school partnerships highlights family engagement as a motivating force for educational success. However, the concept of family engagement is an obstacle as the notion of family-school partnerships differs amongst stakeholders. Mutual understanding of the beliefs sustaining family engagement is fundamental to building effective partnerships between educators, families, and the community. The quantitative, non-experimental study aimed to evaluate the cultural and linguistic factors that may influence parental engagement among culturally and linguistically diverse families, especially those of Haitian descent. The findings demonstrated that the study’s demographic identifier variables, such as primary language, child birthplace, parent birthplace, relationship to …

Normative Spatiotemporal Fetal Brain Maturation With Satisfactory Development At 2 Years, Ana I. L. Namburete, Bartłomiej W. Papież, Michelle Fernandes, Madeleine K. Wyburd, Linde S. Hesse, Felipe A. Moser, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Robert B. Gunier, Waney Squier, Maria Carvalho

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Maturation of the human fetal brain should follow precisely scheduled structural growth and folding of the cerebral cortex for optimal postnatal function1 . We present a normative digital atlas of fetal brain maturation based on a prospective international cohort of healthy pregnant women2 , selected using World Health Organization recommendations for growth standards3 . Their fetuses were accurately dated in the first trimester, with satisfactory growth and neurodevelopment from early pregnancy to 2 years of age4,5 . The atlas was produced using 1,059 optimal quality, three dimensional ultrasound brain volumes from 899 of the fetuses and an automated analysis pipeline6–8 …

Diabetes Risk During Pregnancy Among Second-Generation Immigrants: A National Cohort Study In Sweden, Per Wändell, Xinjun Li, Nouha Saleh Stattin, Axel C Carlsson, Jan Sundquist, Casey Crump, Kristina Sundquist

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gestational diabetes is more common in many first-generation immigrant women in Europe and other Western countries. Less is known about second-generation immigrant women; such knowledge is needed to understand generational influences on diabetes risk. We aimed to study second-generation immigrant women regarding the presence of all types of diabetes during pregnancy.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort study was conducted using the Swedish National Birth Register, the National Patient Register, and the total Population Register. We used Cox regression analysis to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 99% confidence intervals (99% CI) for any diabetes during pregnancy and specific …

Underrepresentation Of Women In Exercise Science And Physiology Research Is Associated With Authorship Gender, Jessica J. James, Emilie A. Klevenow, Mira A. Atkinson, Emma E. Vosters, Elizabeth P. Bueckers, Meagan E. Quinn, Samantha L. Kindy, Azara P. Mason, Sophia K. Nelson, Kennedy A. H. Rainwater, Petra V. Taylor, Elena P. Zippel, Sandra K. Hunter

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Historically, low representation of women participants in exercise science and physiology studies has led to a lack of understanding in the response of women to exercise and therapeutic interventions. We hypothesized that 1) the number of women authors, participants, and editorial board members increased over 30 years (1991–2021) and 2) larger representation of women as editors and authors is associated with more women participants. Gender (man/woman) of editorial board members (n = 394), authors (n = 5,735), and participants (n = 2,984,883) of 972 original research articles with human participants published in 1991 and 2021 …

The Biological Basis Of Sex Differences In Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement For The American College Of Sports Medicine, Sandra K. Hunter, Siddhartha S. Angadi, Aditi Bhargava, Joanna Harper, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg, Benjamin D. Levine, Kerrie L. Moreau, Natalie J. Nokoff, Nina S. Stachenfeld, Stéphane Bermon

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because of fundamental sex differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by sex chromosomes and sex hormones. Adult men are typically stronger, more powerful, and faster than women of similar age and training status. Thus, for athletic events and sports relying on endurance, muscle strength, speed, and power, males typically outperform females by 10%–30% depending on the requirements of the event. These sex differences in performance emerge with the onset of puberty and coincide with the increase in endogenous sex steroid hormones, in particular testosterone in males, which increases 30-fold by adulthood, …

Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediate Aboveground – Belowground Interactions In Forest Ecosystems, Amelia A. Fitch

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The activities of plants and soil microbes are the primary drivers of forest ecosystem processes such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, and mycorrhizal fungi serve as a bridge between these two groups of organisms. The combined efforts of trees and associated mycorrhizal fungi to seek soil nutrients links C and N cycling through effects on saprotrophic communities and decomposition activity. In these studies, I investigated the effects of arbuscular (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations on microbial communities and ecosystem processes related to SOM decomposition and N cycling, and in turn how differences in soils beneath AM and EcM …

Introduction For Tqr Special Issue: “International Scholarship For Qualitative Theory, Methods, And Analysis”, Elizabeth M. Pope, António Pedro Costa

The Qualitative Report

The field of qualitative research is robust and nuanced. While there are foundational standards to which all researchers hold, many intricacies regarding theory, methods, and analysis are influenced by differing training and expectations. These latter components are themselves often influenced by the norms of culture and geographic location. Researchers can learn much from international inquiry. In this introduction to the special issue of The Qualitative Report, “International Scholarship for Qualitative Theory, Methods, and Analysis,” we briefly consider the benefits and challenges that come from international scholarship. We then introduce the articles in the issue and their connection with the …

Motivations And Barriers In College Students For Coffee Consumption From Coffee Shops: A Podcast, Khushi Dave

Senior Theses

The book, Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World, highlights the globalization of coffee; it was first discovered in the mountainsides of modern—day Ethiopia and has since swept the globe. Historically used for religious, medicinal, and recreational purposes, people flocked to coffee houses for the taste of the brew. Now, this beloved bean is ever prevalent on college campuses, especially through foodservice locations. This paper explores the role of foodservice locations, specifically coffee shops, in coffee consumption among college students. Specifically, it will survey the reasons that college students want to buy coffee from …

Bioactive Phytochemicals From Ephedra: An Updated Review, Manish Kumar, Praveen Kumar, Amardeep Kaur, Sandeep Kaur, Satwinderjeet Kaur

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperms that belongs to the Ephedraceae family and order Gnetales. The majority of Ephedra species grow as shrubs and is found in arid and semiarid climates across the world. Ephedra intermedia, Ephedra gerardiana, Ephedra alata, Ephedra aphylla, Ephedra foliata, Ephedra campylopoda, and others are some of the most common Ephedra species. Ephedra spp. are used for therapeutic purposes in many regions of the globe as a stimulant, diaphoretic, antiasthmatic, respiratory sedative, and also for digestive system problems, fever, flu, cough therapy, and so on. Phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, volatile organic compounds, and other phytochemicals have …

Unveiling The Impact: Mexico's Decree On Genetically Modified Corn And Its Ramifications On Food Security, Lauren Mcshea

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This research delves into the repercussions of Mexico's presidential decree in late 2020, which imposed a ban on the human consumption of genetically modified (GM) corn by January 2024. In a trade dispute under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), the decree has sparked tensions between Mexico and the United States, particularly concerning the disruption of GM corn exports. Beyond trade dynamics, the study aims to address the broader impact on Mexico's food security landscape, exploring the intricate connections between the ban and various factors, including agricultural practices, economic implications, and shifts in the corn market dynamics. This research seeks to …

Climate Change, Malnutrition, And Hiv: The Impact Of Food Insecurity On Hiv Response In Sub-Saharan Africa, Olivia Walshak

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Climate change is a key driver of an unprecedented global food crisis, exacerbated by rising temperatures and the vulnerability of crop yields. Sub-Saharan Africa is particularly susceptible, and case studies demonstrate the fragility of food systems in the region, leading to severe food insecurity and famine in the face of climate shocks.

There are a variety of health implications, particularly the syndemic relationship between malnutrition and HIV. HIV interacts bidirectionally with malnutrition, creating a vicious cycle of poor clinical outcomes. Expanding access to antiretroviral therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa is hindered by rampant food insecurity, including inadequate food intake, reduced dietary …

The Role Of Insulin Signaling In Controlling Oogenesis In Drosophila Melanogaster, Tancia W. Bradshaw

Theses and Dissertations

Adult stem cell activity responds to organismal nutrient status to maintain and support tissue homeostasis. Despite the intricate relationship between dietary input, adipose tissue and peripheral organ function, we are at the tip of the iceberg regarding our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying adipose communication to other tissues. The Drosophila ovary receives nutritional signals from the fat body with multiple nutrient-sensing pathways functioning in adipocytes to control distinct stages of oogenesis. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) within adult adipocytes remotely controls oocyte production at distinct stages of oogenesis. The PI3K/Akt1 axis in adipocytes promotes germline stem cell …

Recent Economic Intimate Partner Violence And Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among A Racially And Ethnically Diverse Sample Of U.S. Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence, Tiara C. Willie, Kamila A. Alexander, Laurel Sharpless, Jessica L. Zemlak, Megan V. Smith, Trace S. Kershaw

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent consequence of physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV); however, little is known about the unique contributions of economic IPV. Furthermore, women’s economic self-sufficiency may explicate the potential relationship between economic IPV and PTSD symptoms. Guided by the Stress Process Theory and Intersectionality, this study examined associations between economic IPV and women’s PTSD symptoms and assessed economic self-sufficiency as a mediator. Participants were 255 adult women experiencing IPV recruited from metropolitan Baltimore, MD, and the state of CT who participated in two different studies. Participants completed surveys on IPV, economic self-sufficiency, and PTSD. …

Growing South Dakota (Fall 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Back-to-Back Champions: SDSU Quarter Scale Tractor Team Repeats International Win
[Page] 6 CAFES Welcomes New Members to College Leadership Team
[Page] 9 Vikram Mistry Retires After Nearly 40-Year Career at SDSU
[Page] 12 Bill Gibbons Retires After 36 Years at SDSU
[Page] 13 Nic Uilk: Klingbeil Endowed Educator in Precision Agriculture
[Page] 15 SDSU Students Study Abroad
[Page] 19 CAFES Faculty Claim National Awards
[Page] 21 Dairy Alum Sanne de Bruijn Grabs Global Opportunities
[Page] 23 SDSU Extension Cohort Programs
[Page] 25 Summer Field Day Highlights
[Page] 29 Jackrabbits Now and Then

From Oceans To Public Health: Impact Of Climate Change And Socioecological Factors On Non-Cholera Vibrio Spp., Karlen Enid Correa Vélez

Theses and Dissertations

Climate change-induced stressors, such as temperature, salinity, pH, and wildfire, are contributing factors to the increase in frequency of Vibrio infections, altering Vibrio geographical constraints. At the same time, the expansion of the coastal population is resulting in increased input of treated municipal wastewater into areas that are also experiencing Vibrio proliferation. Given that increases in ocean temperature and sea level coupled with increases in human activity in coastal waters support greater Vibrio-human interactions, it is important to examine factors and mechanisms within this socio-ecological coupled system that may further strengthen this interaction. This study aimed to better understand the …

From The City To The Countryside – Gentrification Across The Us: Conceptualizing Displacement Pressure, Constructing Novel Measurement Methodology, And Exploring Connections To Health, Parthenia Louise Luke

Theses and Dissertations

In an era marked by profound neighborhood transformation, the phenomenon of gentrification emerges as a dominant force. This dissertation undertakes a holistic exploration of gentrification, unraveling its diverse typologies and consequential impacts on health outcomes. Manuscript 1 details the concept of displacement pressure, exploring the multi-faceted experiences of residents in transforming neighborhoods while highlighting psychological and physiological repercussions beyond mere physical relocation. Manuscript 2 leverages the innovative methodology of repeated measures latent profile analysis (RMLPA) to investigate the multiple manifestations of gentrification. Revealing five metropolitan and four nonmetropolitan profiles among gentrified neighborhoods, this analysis interrogates the complexity inherent in both …

Suspected Bronchiectasis And Mortality In Adults With A History Of Smoking Who Have Normal And Impaired Lung Function : A Cohort Study, Alejandro A Diaz, Wei Wang, Jose L Orejas, Rim Elalami, Wojciech R Dolliver, Pietro Nardelli, Ruben San José Estépar, Bina Choi, Carrie L Pistenmaa, James C Ross, Diego J Maselli, Andrew Yen, Kendra A Young, Gregory L Kinney, Michael H Cho, Raul San José Estépar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Bronchiectasis in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with greater mortality. However, whether suspected bronchiectasis-defined as incidental bronchiectasis on computed tomography (CT) images plus clinical manifestation-is associated with increased mortality in adults with a history of smoking with normal spirometry and preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is unknown.

Objective: To determine the association between suspected bronchiectasis and mortality in adults with normal spirometry, PRISm, and obstructive spirometry.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort.

Setting: The COPDGene (Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) study.

Participants: 7662 non-Hispanic Black or White adults, aged 45 to 80 years, with 10 …

Risk Factors For Overweight And Obesity After Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia In North America And Switzerland: A Comparison Of Two Cohort Studies, Fabiën N Belle, Christina Schindera, Marc Ansari, Gregory T Armstrong, Maja Beck-Popovic, Rebecca Howell, Wendy M Leisenring, Lillian R Meacham, Jochen Rössler, Ben D Spycher, Emily Tonorezos, Nicolas X Von Der Weid, Yutaka Yasui, Kevin C Oeffinger, Claudia E Kuehni

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: After childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), sequelae include overweight and obesity, yet with conflicting evidence. We compared the prevalence of overweight and obesity between ≥5-year ALL survivors from the North American Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (SCCSS) and described risk factors.

Methods: We included adult childhood ALL survivors diagnosed between 1976 and 1999. We matched CCSS participants (3:1) to SCCSS participants by sex and attained age. We calculated body mass index (BMI) from self-reported height and weight for 1287 CCSS and 429 SCCSS participants; we then compared those with siblings (2034) in …