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2023

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Molecular Mechanisms Of Osteosarcoma Metastasis And Possible Treatment Opportunities, Xinhui Du, Hua Wei, Boya Zhang, Bangmin Wang, Zhehuang Li, Lon Kai Pang, Ruiying Zhao, Weitao Yao Jan 2023

Molecular Mechanisms Of Osteosarcoma Metastasis And Possible Treatment Opportunities, Xinhui Du, Hua Wei, Boya Zhang, Bangmin Wang, Zhehuang Li, Lon Kai Pang, Ruiying Zhao, Weitao Yao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

In osteosarcoma patients, metastasis of the primary cancer is the leading cause of death. At present, management options to prevent metastasis are limited and non-curative. In this study, we review the current state of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and discuss promising new therapies to combat osteosarcoma metastasis. Genomic and epigenomic changes, metabolic reprogramming, transcription factors, dysregulation of physiologic pathways, and alterations to the tumor microenvironment are some of the changes reportedly involved in the regulation of osteosarcoma metastasis. Key factors within the tumor microenvironment include infiltrating lymphocytes, macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, platelets, and extracellular components such as vesicles, …


Peripheral Vascular Access As Exclusive Access Mode In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sonya Hayes Armstrong, Shantaveer Gangu, Alina Nico West, Thomas Spentzas Jan 2023

Peripheral Vascular Access As Exclusive Access Mode In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sonya Hayes Armstrong, Shantaveer Gangu, Alina Nico West, Thomas Spentzas

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: The type of vascular access (central or peripheral) in pediatric critical care depends on several factors, including the duration of treatment, the properties of the medication (osmolarity or vesicant), and the need for central pressure monitoring. The utilization of peripheral intravascular catheters (PIVCs) has shown a notable increase in the number of patients being treated. Extended dwell or midline catheters are another peripheral access option in addition to PIVCs. However, there are currently no established guidelines on their placement.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to estimate the duration of dwell time for PIVCs, analyze the specific parameters …


The Gpcr–Gαs–Pka Signaling Axis Promotes T Cell Dysfunction And Cancer Immunotherapy Failure, Heather R Kregel, Lillian S Kao, Thaddeus J Puzio Jan 2023

The Gpcr–Gαs–Pka Signaling Axis Promotes T Cell Dysfunction And Cancer Immunotherapy Failure, Heather R Kregel, Lillian S Kao, Thaddeus J Puzio

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.


Complex I Inhibitor Of Oxidative Phosphorylation In Advanced Solid Tumors And Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Phase I Trials, Timothy A Yap, Naval Daver, Mikhila Mahendra, Jixiang Zhang, Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Hagop M Kantarjian, Farhad Ravandi, Meghan E Collins, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Ecaterina E Dumbrava, Siqing Fu, Sisi Gao, Jason P Gay, Sonal Gera, Jing Han, David S Hong, Elias J Jabbour, Zhenlin Ju, Daniel D Karp, Alessia Lodi, Jennifer R Molina, Natalia Baran, Aung Naing, Maro Ohanian, Shubham Pant, Naveen Pemmaraju, Prithviraj Bose, Sarina A Piha-Paul, Jordi Rodon, Carolina Salguero, Koji Sasaki, Anand K Singh, Vivek Subbiah, Apostolia M Tsimberidou, Quanyun A Xu, Musa Yilmaz, Qi Zhang, Yuan Li, Christopher A Bristow, Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee, Stefano Tiziani, Timothy P Heffernan, Christopher P Vellano, Philip Jones, Cobi J Heijnen, Annemieke Kavelaars, Joseph R Marszalek, Marina Konopleva Jan 2023

Complex I Inhibitor Of Oxidative Phosphorylation In Advanced Solid Tumors And Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Phase I Trials, Timothy A Yap, Naval Daver, Mikhila Mahendra, Jixiang Zhang, Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Hagop M Kantarjian, Farhad Ravandi, Meghan E Collins, Maria Emilia Di Francesco, Ecaterina E Dumbrava, Siqing Fu, Sisi Gao, Jason P Gay, Sonal Gera, Jing Han, David S Hong, Elias J Jabbour, Zhenlin Ju, Daniel D Karp, Alessia Lodi, Jennifer R Molina, Natalia Baran, Aung Naing, Maro Ohanian, Shubham Pant, Naveen Pemmaraju, Prithviraj Bose, Sarina A Piha-Paul, Jordi Rodon, Carolina Salguero, Koji Sasaki, Anand K Singh, Vivek Subbiah, Apostolia M Tsimberidou, Quanyun A Xu, Musa Yilmaz, Qi Zhang, Yuan Li, Christopher A Bristow, Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee, Stefano Tiziani, Timothy P Heffernan, Christopher P Vellano, Philip Jones, Cobi J Heijnen, Annemieke Kavelaars, Joseph R Marszalek, Marina Konopleva

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Although targeting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a rational anticancer strategy, clinical benefit with OXPHOS inhibitors has yet to be achieved. Here we advanced IACS-010759, a highly potent and selective small-molecule complex I inhibitor, into two dose-escalation phase I trials in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (NCT02882321, n = 17) and advanced solid tumors (NCT03291938, n = 23). The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of IACS-010759. The PK, PD, and preliminary antitumor activities of IACS-010759 in patients were also evaluated as secondary endpoints in both clinical trials. IACS-010759 had a narrow …


Non-Pharmacologic Approaches To Treatment Of Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Rhea Daniel, Fernando A Navarro Jan 2023

Non-Pharmacologic Approaches To Treatment Of Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders, Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, Rhea Daniel, Fernando A Navarro

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect up to 25% of children in the United States. These disorders are more recently known as disorders of "brain-gut" interaction. The diagnosis is based on the ROME IV criteria, and requires the absence of an organic condition to explain the symptoms. Although these disorders are not completely understood, several factors have been involved in the pathophysiology including disordered gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, allergies, anxiety/stress, gastrointestinal infection/inflammation, as well dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. The pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for FAPDs are directed to modifying these pathophysiologic mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the non-pharmacologic …


Comparison Of Two Lipid Emulsions On The Incidence Of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis In Neonates, Joy Greenberg, Mamta Naik, John Chapman, Allison Davidson, Essam Imseis Jan 2023

Comparison Of Two Lipid Emulsions On The Incidence Of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis In Neonates, Joy Greenberg, Mamta Naik, John Chapman, Allison Davidson, Essam Imseis

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: Lipid emulsion contributes to parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC). For decades, soybean oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion (SO-ILE) was the predominant product. Recently, a multicomponent lipid emulsion containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil and fish oil (SMOF-ILE) has been used off-label in neonatal care. This study evaluates the incidence of PNAC in neonates who received SMOF-ILE or SO-ILE.

METHODS: This was a retrospective review of neonates who received SMOF-ILE or SO-ILE for at least 14 days. Patients receiving SMOF-ILE were matched based on gestational age (GA) and birth weight to a historical cohort receiving SO-ILE. The primary outcomes were …


Pain Experience And Sensory Changes In Astronauts During And After Short-Lasting Commercial Spaceflight: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Andrea K Sauer, Marie Vigouroux, Patrick M Dougherty, Juan Pablo Cata, Pablo M Ingelmo Jan 2023

Pain Experience And Sensory Changes In Astronauts During And After Short-Lasting Commercial Spaceflight: A Proof-Of-Concept Study, Andrea K Sauer, Marie Vigouroux, Patrick M Dougherty, Juan Pablo Cata, Pablo M Ingelmo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Space travel has been associated with musculoskeletal pain, yet little is known about the nociceptive changes and pain experience during spaceflight. This preliminary study aims to investigate the pain experience and sensory alterations in astronauts following a 17-day mission to the International Space Station (ISS) on Axiom Space's AX-1 commercial space flight. Two participants were enrolled, and data were collected pre-flight, in-flight, post-flight, and three-month post-flight. Validated pain questionnaires assessed anxiety, catastrophizing, impact on physical and mental health, disability, and overall pain experience. Qualitative interviews were conducted post-landing and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were performed. …


The Mediating Effect Of Resilience On The Relationship Between Symptom Burden And Anxiety/Depression Among Chinese Patients With Primary Liver Cancer After Liver Resection, Xue Zhang, Haoran Zhang, Zonghao Zhang, Hua Fan, Shuwen Li Jan 2023

The Mediating Effect Of Resilience On The Relationship Between Symptom Burden And Anxiety/Depression Among Chinese Patients With Primary Liver Cancer After Liver Resection, Xue Zhang, Haoran Zhang, Zonghao Zhang, Hua Fan, Shuwen Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose: Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common cancer of the digestive system. Patients with PLC often experience a heavy symptom burden and along with a significant levels of anxiety and depression after liver resection. High levels of symptom burden can lead to increased anxiety and depression, whereas high levels of resilience can alleviate these conditions. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationships among symptom burden, resilience, and anxiety/depression in Chinese patients with PLC after liver resection and to determine whether resilience mediates the relationship between symptom burden and anxiety/depression.

Patients and methods: A total of 223 postoperative PLC patients …


Open Treatments For Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair, Akiko Tanaka, Holly N Smith, Hazim J Safi, Anthony L Estrera Jan 2023

Open Treatments For Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair, Akiko Tanaka, Holly N Smith, Hazim J Safi, Anthony L Estrera

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) represent a unique pathology that is associated with considerable mortality if untreated. While the advent of endovascular technologies has introduced new modalities for consideration, the mainstay of TAAA treatment remains open surgical repair. However, the optimal conduct of open TAAA repair requires careful consideration of patient risk factors and a collaborative team effort to mitigate the risk of perioperative complications. In this chapter, we briefly outline the history of treating TAAA, preoperative preparation and postoperative care, and our operative techniques for treatment.


The Phase 1/2 Trial Of Indomethacin In Chronic Pancreatitis (The Pair Trial): Protocol For A Parallel Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial, Samuel Han, Darwin L Conwell, Liang Li, Alejandra Cervantes, Phil A Hart, Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate, Wenrui Hao, Gregory B Lesinski, Thomas Mace, Tonya M Palermo, Jami L Saloman, Dhiraj Yadav, Santhi Swaroop Vege, Mark Topazian, Consortium For The Study Of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, And Pancreatic Cancer (Cpdpc) Jan 2023

The Phase 1/2 Trial Of Indomethacin In Chronic Pancreatitis (The Pair Trial): Protocol For A Parallel Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial, Samuel Han, Darwin L Conwell, Liang Li, Alejandra Cervantes, Phil A Hart, Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate, Wenrui Hao, Gregory B Lesinski, Thomas Mace, Tonya M Palermo, Jami L Saloman, Dhiraj Yadav, Santhi Swaroop Vege, Mark Topazian, Consortium For The Study Of Chronic Pancreatitis, Diabetes, And Pancreatic Cancer (Cpdpc)

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background/objectives: Current treatments for chronic pancreatitis focus on symptom management and therapeutics targeting disease reversal are lacking. Given the role of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme in producing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key component in the inflammatory pathway of chronic pancreatitis, this study evaluates the physiologic effect of oral indomethacin, a COX-2 inhibitor, on PGE2 levels in pancreatic fluid.

Methods: This pilot two-center randomized controlled trial seeks to examine 32 subjects with chronic pancreatitis who have no contraindications to indomethacin. Subjects will be randomized to either oral indomethacin 50 mg twice a day or placebo twice a day for a total …


A Novel Case Of Eus-Guided Targeted Radiofrequency Ablation Of Metastatic Duodenal Renal Cell Carcinoma, Muhammad Vohra, Hemant Goyal, Putao Cen, Mairin Joseph-Talreja, Nirav Thosani Jan 2023

A Novel Case Of Eus-Guided Targeted Radiofrequency Ablation Of Metastatic Duodenal Renal Cell Carcinoma, Muhammad Vohra, Hemant Goyal, Putao Cen, Mairin Joseph-Talreja, Nirav Thosani

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.


Editorial: Non-Coding Genome And Endocrinology: From Bench To Bedside, Radu Pirlog, Kinga Nemeth, George Adrian Calin Jan 2023

Editorial: Non-Coding Genome And Endocrinology: From Bench To Bedside, Radu Pirlog, Kinga Nemeth, George Adrian Calin

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.


Nano-Embedded Medical Devices And Delivery Systems In Interventional Radiology, Erin Marie D San Valentin, Allan John R Barcena, Carleigh Klusman, Benjamin Martin, Marites P Melancon Jan 2023

Nano-Embedded Medical Devices And Delivery Systems In Interventional Radiology, Erin Marie D San Valentin, Allan John R Barcena, Carleigh Klusman, Benjamin Martin, Marites P Melancon

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Nanomaterials research has significantly accelerated the development of the field of vascular and interventional radiology. The incorporation of nanoparticles with unique and functional properties in medical devices and delivery systems has paved the way for the creation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for various clinical disorders. In this review, we discuss the advancements in the field of interventional radiology and the role of nanotechnology in maximizing the benefits and mitigating the disadvantages of interventional radiology theranostic procedures. Several nanomaterials have been studied to improve the efficacy of interventional radiology interventions, reduce the complications associated with medical devices, improve the …


Effect Of Soil And Climatic Conditions On Brown Spot Occurrence In Rice Lowland Across Four Agro-Climatic Zones Of Côte D’Ivoire, Jean-Fabrice Akouemaho Dominique Adanve, Brahima Koné, Rachidatou Sikirou, Elliott Dossou-Yovo, Geoffrey Onaga, Fatogoma Sorho Jan 2023

Effect Of Soil And Climatic Conditions On Brown Spot Occurrence In Rice Lowland Across Four Agro-Climatic Zones Of Côte D’Ivoire, Jean-Fabrice Akouemaho Dominique Adanve, Brahima Koné, Rachidatou Sikirou, Elliott Dossou-Yovo, Geoffrey Onaga, Fatogoma Sorho

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Methodology: BS characterization were done in different farmer fields where soil samples were also collected during dry and rainy seasons. Soil silicon and acidity were determined in those samples and rice grain yield at harvest time were recorded in different sites. Weather data related to sites and seasons were used to find out correlations. Results: Occurrence of BS was found in forest zones with scores of 4 and 3 compared to 1 and 2 in savanna and transitional zones, respectively, with seasonal variation. Both rice production and the occurrence of BS were explained by soil parameters in conjunction with climatic …


Editorial: Perspective Challenges For Applied Research In Potato Pathogens: From Molecular Biology To Bioinformatics, Grace Wanjiku Gachara, Rachid Lahlali, Göksel Özer, Hussain Touseef Jan 2023

Editorial: Perspective Challenges For Applied Research In Potato Pathogens: From Molecular Biology To Bioinformatics, Grace Wanjiku Gachara, Rachid Lahlali, Göksel Özer, Hussain Touseef

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

The potato crop is prone to infection by an estimated 50 different categories of pests and diseases whose causal agents are either viruses, bacteria, nematodes, insects, or fungi (Hussain and Singh, 2016; Jansson and Raman, 2019; Mangal et al., 2022; Munyaneza and Bizimungu, 2022). These pathogenic organisms are either soil or air-borne and usually inflict harm on all plant parts. The most commonly encountered diseases that affect potato growth and development include common scab, dry rot, black scurf, late blight, stem canker, premature deaths, and a wide array of nematodes. Soil-based infections that affect the quality of tubers include pink …


Nutrient Intakes, Compliance With Recommendations And Key Sources In Women Of Child-Bearing Age (18-50 Y) In Ireland, Abigail O' Mahony Jan 2023

Nutrient Intakes, Compliance With Recommendations And Key Sources In Women Of Child-Bearing Age (18-50 Y) In Ireland, Abigail O' Mahony

Theses

Women’s pre-conceptional health (including nutritional status) is important for both the health of the individual themselves and also for the lifelong health of any occurring offspring. However, it has been estimated that up to 50% of pregnancies are unplanned, thus optimal nutritional status is important for all women of child-bearing age (WCBA) not just those with pregnancy intentions. Despite the accumulation of evidence of the importance of nutritional status at this life-stage, nutrient recommendations for WCBA for the most part don’t differ from recommendations for other population groups. The notable exception to this is that all WCBA are recommended to …


Identification And Creation Of Novel Bacteriocins With Potential Food And Clinical Applications, David Lynch Jan 2023

Identification And Creation Of Novel Bacteriocins With Potential Food And Clinical Applications, David Lynch

Theses

Bacteriocins represent a heterogeneous group of small, ribosomal-synthesized, potent antibacterial peptides produced by bacteria, capable of inhibiting bacteria both closely related or indeed those from other genera than the producer. In addition to their role as food preservatives, bacteriocins have potent activity against medically significant pathogens and are considered attractive alternatives to antibiotics, due to their inherent heat stability, potency at nanomolar scale, resistance to proteases and low levels of acquired resistance in commercial applications. The aim of this thesis was to identify, purify and bioengineer novel bacteriocins from Staphylococcus and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with a view to expanding …


Assessment Of Biosecurity Practices Adoption In Broiler Farms In East Africa: Case Study Of Pwani Region In Tanzania, Rogia Saïdath Adéline Gomez Jan 2023

Assessment Of Biosecurity Practices Adoption In Broiler Farms In East Africa: Case Study Of Pwani Region In Tanzania, Rogia Saïdath Adéline Gomez

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Broiler farming in Tanzania is an important poultry sub-sector, providing employment and the much-de- manded meat hence, contributing to the income and nutrition of the population. However, for small to medium-scale producers the profitability has been hampered by high incidences of diseases and costs associated with their control. This study aimed to assess the biosecurity practices adopted by broiler farmers in the Pwani region, Tanzania. A struc- tured questionnaire was administered to 78 broiler farmers complemented with on-site observations. Data collected were related to the socio-demographic characteristics, the structure of broiler farms, the level of biosecurity in the farms as …


Bibliometric Analysis Of The State Of Research On Agroecology Adoption And Methods Used For Its Assessment., Theodore Nikiema, Eugène C. Ezin, Sylvain Kpenavoun Chogou Jan 2023

Bibliometric Analysis Of The State Of Research On Agroecology Adoption And Methods Used For Its Assessment., Theodore Nikiema, Eugène C. Ezin, Sylvain Kpenavoun Chogou

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

As a sustainable and holistic approach to agriculture, agroecology has received considerable attention in recent years because of its potential to address the environmental, economic, and social challenges of agricultural systems. In order to identify key trends, influential authors, impactful journals, and emerging research themes surrounding the agroecological adoption topic, we performed a bibliometric analysis based on metadata from documents dealing with the topic and methods employed for its assessment over the period of January 1990 to July 2023, extracted from the Web of Science database. Based on the metadata of more than 1280 articles, our analyses show that the …


Nanoparticles In Soil Remediation: Challenges And Opportunities, Wei Wei New, Joseph Ekhebume Ogbezode, Paran Gani Jan 2023

Nanoparticles In Soil Remediation: Challenges And Opportunities, Wei Wei New, Joseph Ekhebume Ogbezode, Paran Gani

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Nanoremediation emerges as a promising technology for mitigating soil contamination, encompassing various nanotechnology applications, including chemical degradation, Fenton-type oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, immobilization, and integration with bioremediation techniques like phytoremediation. In addressing soil pollution, the most extensively researched nanomaterials (NMs) are based on carbon, metal and metal oxide, nZVI, and other nanocomposites. Nevertheless, limitations accompany the use of NMs in soil remediation. To assess whether nanotechnology applications outweigh environmental threats, it is crucial to investigate potential effects of NMs on terrestrial vegetation, soil organisms, and human well-being. The impacts of NMs on ecology and the soil environment must be taken into …


Modeling Impacts Of Climate Change On The Geographic Distribution And Abundances Of Tamarindus Indica In Tigray Region, Ethiopia, Yirga Gufi, Ashenafi Manaye, Berihu Tesfamariam, Haftu Abrha Mengesha, Musse Tesfaye, Sibhatleab Hintsa Jan 2023

Modeling Impacts Of Climate Change On The Geographic Distribution And Abundances Of Tamarindus Indica In Tigray Region, Ethiopia, Yirga Gufi, Ashenafi Manaye, Berihu Tesfamariam, Haftu Abrha Mengesha, Musse Tesfaye, Sibhatleab Hintsa

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Tamarindus indica is a multipurpose dry land species in sub-Saharan that is traditionally used to build resilience into the farming system. The species is highly threatened and listed on the IUCN Red List. However, information on how climatic condition locally influences its ecological distribution is limited. This study investigates the current and future suitable habitat for the species in the Tigray region, in northern Ethiopia. A total of 220 species presence points and the number of T. indica within a 50 m × 50 m plot were collected. In addition, 19 bioclimatic variables, 3 topographic variables and soil data …


Bioresources In Organic Farming: Implications For Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu, Olumayowa Mary Olow, Austin Tenthani Phiri, Drocelle Nirere, Adeyinka John Odebode, Noëlla Josiane Karemera Umuhoza, Michael Dare Asemoloye, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola Jan 2023

Bioresources In Organic Farming: Implications For Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Akinlolu Olalekan Akanmu, Olumayowa Mary Olow, Austin Tenthani Phiri, Drocelle Nirere, Adeyinka John Odebode, Noëlla Josiane Karemera Umuhoza, Michael Dare Asemoloye, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Over the years, the practice of agriculture has transformed from the era of traditional to that of intensive agriculture in the bid to boost the production index that will satisfy the food needs of the globally growing population. However, the continuous and exaggerated use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has resulted in major adverse impacts on food and environmental safety, whereas most traditional techniques for reclamation of natural soil nutrients, including shifting cultivation and polyculture, are no longer attractive measures of land rejuvenation. There is, therefore, the need for urgent evaluation and adoption of innovative methods of replenishing the agricultural …


Geospatial Characterization Of Climate-Smart Agroforestry In Two Contrasting Physiographic Zones Of Rwanda, Donatien Ntawuruhunga, Edwin Estomii Ngowi, Halima Omari Mangi, Raymond John Salanga, Mashisia Shikuku Jan 2023

Geospatial Characterization Of Climate-Smart Agroforestry In Two Contrasting Physiographic Zones Of Rwanda, Donatien Ntawuruhunga, Edwin Estomii Ngowi, Halima Omari Mangi, Raymond John Salanga, Mashisia Shikuku

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Efficient use of rich natural resources notably land, is one of the most important indicators of economic progress. The unmatched population growth with production has triggered increased demand for food. Nations have prioritized sustainable agriculture as a coping strategy. Climate-smart agroforestry (CSAF) can be one of the options to increase productivity, income, and food security, and stabilize the environment. CSAF denotes a practiced farming system of combining trees with crops or animals (AF) evolved in practices to enhance productivity and feed the food-insecure people while coping with the adverse effects of climate change. This study investigates the land suitability for …


Bushmeat Consumption In Africa: A Microbiological Safety Challenge?, Gwladys Gloria Amen Ahouanse, Abdulsudi Issa-Zacharia, Nuria Majaliwa Jan 2023

Bushmeat Consumption In Africa: A Microbiological Safety Challenge?, Gwladys Gloria Amen Ahouanse, Abdulsudi Issa-Zacharia, Nuria Majaliwa

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Objective: This review analyzed the microbiological safety of bushmeat consumed in Africa over the past decades. Methodology:Previous Studies mainly focused on large animals like antelopes and smaller ones like grasscutter. Most microbes studied were similar to those in domestic animal meat, except for rare pathogens such as Salmonella spp, E.coli. Sampling, experiments, and microbe prevalence varied among studies.Results:All studies confirmed the presence of zoonotic pathogens dangerous to human beings. Therefore, more investigations are needed, especially for the chronic and severe cases of pathogens, since only few studies have addressed the bushmeat's microbiological safety in Africa. Conclusion:Efforts should be made to …


Edible Insect Biodiversity And Anthropo-Entomophagy Practices In Kalehe And Idjwi Territories, D.R. Congo, Mercy Mmari, Marcellin C. Cokola, Ariel Buzera, Mercy Mmari, David Bugeme, Saliou Niassy, Karume Katcho, John Kinyuru Jan 2023

Edible Insect Biodiversity And Anthropo-Entomophagy Practices In Kalehe And Idjwi Territories, D.R. Congo, Mercy Mmari, Marcellin C. Cokola, Ariel Buzera, Mercy Mmari, David Bugeme, Saliou Niassy, Karume Katcho, John Kinyuru

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Abstract Background: Located in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (South-Kivu), Kalehe and Idjwi are two relatively unexplored territories with little to no research on edible insects even though anthropo-entomophagy practice is widespread. This study therefore aimed at exploring the biodiversity, perception, consumption, availability, host plants, harvesting techniques, and processing techniques of edible insects. Methods: Data were collected through a field survey using three techniques, namely structured interviews, direct observations, and insect collection and taxonomy. A total of 260 respondents, 130 in each territory, were interviewed. The field survey focused on inventorying commonly edible insects as well as recording consumer …


Econometric Modelling Of The Nexus Of Agricultural Policy And Food Security In Nigeria. A Dummy Variable Regression Approach, Ufedo Monday Shaibu, Umeh Jc, Abu Ga, Abu O, Is Egyir Jan 2023

Econometric Modelling Of The Nexus Of Agricultural Policy And Food Security In Nigeria. A Dummy Variable Regression Approach, Ufedo Monday Shaibu, Umeh Jc, Abu Ga, Abu O, Is Egyir

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Sustainable food production is not negotiable if food security is to be achieved. Recent statistics show increasing food insecurity issues in Nigeria despite government policy and programmes in the agricultural sector. The study specifically described agriculture growth trend under three policy regimes and analysed the effects of agricultural sector policy on food security in Nigeria between 1960 and 2020. Secondary data on agricultural output, gross deficit financing, labour employed in the agricultural sector, land, and population were obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), and National …


Heat Stress Effects On Milk Yield Traits And Metabolites And Mitigation Strategies For Dairy Cattle Breeds Reared In Tropical And Sub-Tropical Countries, Vincent Habimana, Athumani Nguluma, Zabron Cuthibert Nziku, Gota Morota, Raphael Mrode, Sebastian Chenyambuga Jan 2023

Heat Stress Effects On Milk Yield Traits And Metabolites And Mitigation Strategies For Dairy Cattle Breeds Reared In Tropical And Sub-Tropical Countries, Vincent Habimana, Athumani Nguluma, Zabron Cuthibert Nziku, Gota Morota, Raphael Mrode, Sebastian Chenyambuga

All Rsif Scholars' Publications

Heat stress is an important problem for dairy industry in many parts of the world owing to its adverse effects on productivity and profitability. Heat stress in dairy cattle is caused by an increase in core body temperature, which affects the fat production in the mammary gland. It reduces milk yield, dry matter intake, and alters the milk composition, such as fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fats percentages among others. Understanding the biological mechanisms of climatic adaptation, identifying and exploring signatures of selection, genomic diversity and identification of candidate genes for heat tolerance within indicine and taurine dairy breeds is an …


Protective Role Of Colitis In Inflammatory Arthritis Via Propionate-Producing Bacteroides In The Gut, Hoh-Jeong Shon, Yu-Mi Kim, Kyeong Seog Kim, Jin-Ouk Choi, Sang-Hyun Cho, Sujin An, Se-Hyeon Park, Yong-Joon Cho, Joo-Hong Park, Sang-Uk Seo, Joo-Youn Cho, Wan-Uk Kim, Donghyun Kim Jan 2023

Protective Role Of Colitis In Inflammatory Arthritis Via Propionate-Producing Bacteroides In The Gut, Hoh-Jeong Shon, Yu-Mi Kim, Kyeong Seog Kim, Jin-Ouk Choi, Sang-Hyun Cho, Sujin An, Se-Hyeon Park, Yong-Joon Cho, Joo-Hong Park, Sang-Uk Seo, Joo-Youn Cho, Wan-Uk Kim, Donghyun Kim

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether and how inflammatory disease in the intestine influences the development of arthritis, considering that organ-to-organ communication is associated with many physiological and pathological events.

METHODS: First, mice were given drinking water containing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and then subjected to inflammatory arthritis. We compared the phenotypic symptoms between the cohoused and separately-housed mice. Next, donor mice were divided into DSS-treated and untreated groups and then cohoused with recipient mice. Arthritis was then induced in the recipients. The fecal microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We obtained type strains of the candidate bacteria and generated …


Evolutionary Aspects Of Infections: Inflammation And Sickness Behaviors, Robert Dantzer Jan 2023

Evolutionary Aspects Of Infections: Inflammation And Sickness Behaviors, Robert Dantzer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Sickness behavior was conceptualized initially as the behavioral counterpart of the fever response to infectious pathogens. It helps to raise body temperature to its higher setpoint and to maintain it at this new level and it has the additional benefit of enabling a weakened organism to protect itself from other dangers. The discovery of the behavioral effects of proinflammatory cytokines produced by activated immune cells provided a cellular and molecular basis to this phenomenon. The administration of cytokines or cytokine inducers like lipopolysaccharide to healthy rodents allowed to reveal the similarities and differences between inflammation-induced sickness behavior and the fever …


มาตรการควบคุมบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชา, ธันชนก บุญรอดจุ้ย Jan 2023

มาตรการควบคุมบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชา, ธันชนก บุญรอดจุ้ย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

หลังจากได้มีการถอดถอนกัญชาออกจากรายชื่อสารเสพติดให้โทษในประเภท 5 ทำให้พืชกัญชาไม่จัดเป็นยาเสพติดตามประมวลกฎหมายยาเสพติด การปลดล็อกกัญชาออกจากบัญชียาเสพติดเป็นเหตุให้มีความอิสระในการใช้หรือบริโภคกัญชามากยิ่งขึ้น ธุรกิจต่าง ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกัญชามีการเติบโตสูงขึ้นด้วยในประเทศไทย แต่ข้อกำหนดของกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับแนวทางการควบคุมบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากของผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชายังไม่ได้มีการกำหนดอย่างชัดเจน ซึ่งส่งผลต่อการดำรงชีวิตในฐานะผู้บริโภคและยังส่งผลกระทบต่อการเลือกหรือการตัดสินใจในการบริโภคผลิตภัณฑ์อื่น ๆ เช่นกัน จากการศึกษาเอกัตศึกษาฉบับนี้ มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อที่จะศึกษาแนวทางการควบคุมที่มีความเป็นไปได้และมีความเหมาะสมเพื่อเป็นการคุ้มครองผู้บริโภค จากการศึกษาจากทั้งข้อกฎหมายและวัตถุประสงค์ของกฎหมายในประเทศเกี่ยวกับผลิตภัณฑ์ส่วนที่มีความคล้ายคลึงกับกัญชาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการควบคุมบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากของผลิตภัณฑ์ ได้แก่ พระราชบัญญัติควบคุมเครื่องดื่มแอลกอฮอล์ พ.ศ. 2551 และพระราชบัญญัติควบคุมผลิตภัณฑ์ยาสูบ พ.ศ. 2560 พบว่ามีข้อกำหนดในกฎหมายเฉพาะที่ชัดเจนและช่วยคุ้มครองผู้บริโภคได้อย่างเหมาะสม นอกจากนี้จากการศึกษากฎหมายต่างประเทศ ได้แก่ประเทศแคนาดาและสหรัฐอเมริกา พบว่ามีการกำหนดโดยบัญญัติเป็นกฎหมายกัญชา เกี่ยวกับการกำหนดลักษณะของบรรจุภัณฑ์ รวมทั้งข้อกำหนดที่ต้องปฏิบัติตามเกี่ยวกับรูปแบบและรายละเอียดของฉลากผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชาเพื่อควบคุมให้เป็นไปตามความเหมาะสมและคุ้มครองผู้บริโภค ดั้งนั้นผู้เขียนได้วิเคราะห์ถึงผลกระทบที่เกิดขึ้นและได้เสนอให้มีแนวทางในการควบคุมกัญชาโดยการออกเป็นกฎหมายเฉพาะเพื่อควบคุมลักษณะบรรจุภัณฑ์และฉลากของผลิตภัณฑ์กัญชา หรือมีแนวทางในการควบคุมเพื่อให้มีความเหมาะสมมากยิ่งขึ้น ซึ่งการกำหนดในลักษณะนี้จะเกิดผลดีต่อผู้บริโภคและ เป็นการคุ้มครองสิทธิของผู้บริโภคมากขึ้น