Digital Commons Network^™

Targeting Eif4a Triggers An Interferon Response To Synergize With Chemotherapy And Suppress Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Na Zhao, Elena B Kabotyanski, Alexander B Saltzman, Anna Malovannaya, Xueying Yuan, Lucas C Reineke, Nadia Lieu, Yang Gao, Diego A Pedroza, Sebastian J Calderon, Alex J Smith, Clark Hamor, Kazem Safari, Sara Savage, Bing Zhang, Jianling Zhou, Luisa M Solis, Susan G Hilsenbeck, Cheng Fan, Charles M Perou, Jeffrey M Rosen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Protein synthesis is frequently dysregulated in cancer and selective inhibition of mRNA translation represents an attractive cancer therapy. Here, we show that therapeutically targeting the RNA helicase eIF4A with zotatifin, the first-in-class eIF4A inhibitor, exerts pleiotropic effects on both tumor cells and the tumor immune microenvironment in a diverse cohort of syngeneic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) mouse models. Zotatifin not only suppresses tumor cell proliferation but also directly repolarizes macrophages toward an M1-like phenotype and inhibits neutrophil infiltration, which sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. Mechanistic studies revealed that zotatifin reprograms the tumor translational landscape, inhibits the translation of Sox4 …

The Minutes Of The Marshall University Staff Council Meeting, December 2023, Marshall University Staff Council

Staff Council Minutes

No abstract provided.

First-Generation Cephalosporins For Treatment Of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis In Children: A Study Of Efficacy And Adverse Effects, Lisa Hiskey, Hiba Saifuddin, Emily R. Levy, Roland Hentz, Nipunie S. Rajapakse, Laura M. Dinnes, Elizabeth H. Ristagno

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a relatively infrequent but significant infection in pediatric patients. As is the most common cause of AHO, intravenous and oral first-generation cephalosporins are common therapies. Cephalexin is a commonly prescribed oral therapy for pediatric AHO, although it requires frequent dosing that may affect adherence. Cefadroxil is a comparable oral first-generation cephalosporin with a more desirable dosing schedule. METHODS: We reviewed pediatric patients admitted to Mayo Clinic between March 2002 and September 2020 for management of AHO who received treatment with a first-generation cephalosporin. We reviewed timing of oral therapy transition, therapy-associated adverse effects, and …

Understanding And Combating The Spread Of Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms, Bejan Mahmud

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The introduction of antibiotics in the 20th century stands as one of our greatest scientific achievements, profoundly transforming human health and global well-being. Over the past century, antibiotics have ensured that infectious diseases are no longer the most common causes of death worldwide. In further enabling a vast array of invasive medical procedures (e.g., surgeries, organ transplants), antibiotics have effectively added decades to the average human lifespan. In agriculture, antibiotics have been heavily relied upon to meet the nutritional demands of the growing human population. Thus, ever since the introduction of penicillin, antibiotics have been the “miracle drugs” they were …

What Do Infectious Disease Specialists Think About Managing Long Covid?, Maureen D Lyons, Susan E Beekmann, Philip M Polgreen, Jonas Marschall

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This survey of infectious disease providers on long COVID care revealed a lack of familiarity with existing resources, a sentiment of missing guidelines, and scarcity of dedicated care centers. The low response rate suggests that infectious disease specialists do not consider themselves as the primary providers of long COVID care.

Deep Learning-Based Phenotyping Reclassifies Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma, Julien Calderaro, Pooja Navale, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Primary liver cancer arises either from hepatocytic or biliary lineage cells, giving rise to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). Combined hepatocellular- cholangiocarcinomas (cHCC-CCA) exhibit equivocal or mixed features of both, causing diagnostic uncertainty and difficulty in determining proper management. Here, we perform a comprehensive deep learning-based phenotyping of multiple cohorts of patients. We show that deep learning can reproduce the diagnosis of HCC vs. CCA with a high performance. We analyze a series of 405 cHCC-CCA patients and demonstrate that the model can reclassify the tumors as HCC or ICCA, and that the predictions are consistent with clinical …

Role Of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 2 And Its Receptor In Human Reproductive Cancers, Dr. Amy T. Desaulniers, Brett White

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) and its receptor (GnRHR1) drive reproduction by regulating gonadotropins. Another form, GnRH2, and its receptor (GnRHR2), also exist in mammals. In humans, GnRH2 and GnRHR2 genes are present, but coding errors in the GnRHR2 gene are predicted to hinder full-length protein production. Nonetheless, mounting evidence supports the presence of a functional GnRHR2 in humans. GnRH2 and its receptor have been identified throughout the body, including peripheral reproductive tissues like the ovary, uterus, breast, and prostate. In addition, GnRH2 and its receptor have been detected in a wide number of reproductive cancer cells in humans. Notably, GnRH2 analogues …

Identification Of Candidate Dna Methylation Biomarkers Related To Alzheimer’S Disease Risk By Integrating Genome And Blood Methylome Data, Yanfa Sun, Jingjing Zhu, Yaohua Yang, Zichen Zhang, Hua Zhong, Guanghua Zeng, Dan Zhou, Richard S Nowakowski, Jirong Long, Chong Wu, Lang Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with a late onset. It is critical to identify novel blood-based DNA methylation biomarkers to better understand the extent of the molecular pathways affected in AD. Two sets of blood DNA methylation genetic prediction models developed using different reference panels and modelling strategies were leveraged to evaluate associations of genetically predicted DNA methylation levels with AD risk in 111,326 (46,828 proxy) cases and 677,663 controls. A total of 1,168 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites showed a significant association with AD risk at a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Methylation levels of 196 CpG sites were correlated with expression levels of 130 adjacent genes in blood. Overall, 52 CpG sites of 32 genes showed consistent association directions for the methylation-gene expression-AD risk, including nine genes (CNIH4, THUMPD3, SERPINB9, MTUS1, CISD1, FRAT2, CCDC88B, FES, and SSH2) firstly reported as AD risk genes. Nine of 32 genes were enriched in dementia and AD disease categories (P values ranged from 1.85 × 10-4 to 7.46 × 10-6), and 19 genes in a neurological disease network (score = 54) were also observed. Our findings improve the understanding of genetics and etiology for AD.

Postmortem Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling In Communities: Exploring Perceptions Of Families, Funeral Workers, Religious And Community Leaders And Healthcare Providers From Pakistan, Nazia Ahsan, Fauzia Aman Malik, Waliyah Mughis, Rawshan Jabeen, Shaheen Mehboob, Raheel Allana, Syeda Quratulain, Saima Jamal Saima Jamal, Christina R. Paganelli, Abdul Momin Kazi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) has increasingly been used to improve the diagnosis of disease and identification of the cause of death, particularly in underserved areas. However, there are multiple barriers to accessing those who die within the community, our study aimed to explore the perceptions and insights of community members and healthcare providers regarding the feasibility of implementing MITS in community settings.
Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted. A total of twenty one in-depth interviews were conducted with deceased infants' parents, elders of the family, religious leaders, community leaders, and funeral workers. Focus group discussions were conducted …

Making The Rounds, 1996, V1 N18, May 20, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

The Park Ridge Center, Chicago, IL: Issue of "Making the Rounds in Health, Faith, & Ethics", a publication from The Park Ridge Center for the Study of Health, Faith and Ethics, associated with Lutheran General Hospital. This issue has a feature case study about a patient exploring alternative treatments, as well as a commentary from a holistic physician. There is also a media round-up about the court case in Washington covered in the previous issue.

Making The Rounds, 1996, V2 N2, September 23, Advocate Aurora Health

Historical Documents - Combined

The Park Ridge Center, Chicago, IL: Issue of "Making the Rounds in Health, Faith, & Ethics", a publication from The Park Ridge Center for the Study of Health, Faith and Ethics, associated with Lutheran General Hospital. This issue features a case study from a patient with chronic atopic eczema with a responding commentary, an epilogue to the "Case Stories" series in this publication, and a follow up essay on xenotransplantation from a prior issue.

This is the final issue of this publication.

Recruitment And Retention Challenges In Adult Care Facilities, Shirley Ann Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

No abstract provided.

Bridging The Gap: Reducing Disparities In Reproductive Healthcare For Black And White Women, Emma Weiden

Population Health Research Brief Series

A woman’s reproductive healthcare experience in the United States can vary dramatically depending on her race. In 2020, the pregnancy-related mortality rate in the U.S. was 40.8 deaths per 100,000 live births for Black women, which is more than three times the rate among White women (12.7 per 100,000). This brief summarizes disparities in reproductive healthcare outcomes for Black women compared to White women in the U.S., advocates for policy changes, and provides recommendations for addressing racial disparities to create more equitable reproductive healthcare.

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 In Cancer Patients: Patient Characteristics And Outcomes In The Post-Covid-19 Vaccination Period, Gülşen İskender, Duygu Mert, Göknur Yapar Toros, Funda Yilmaz, Ersi̇n Bozan, Semra Tunçbi̇lek, Ömür Berna Çakmak Öksüzoğlu, Fevzi̇ Altuntaş, Mustafa Ertek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim:It wasaimed herein to investigate coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in cancer patients and compare hematological and solid organ cancer patients in terms of the course and outcome of this disease. Materials and methods:Data from cancer patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were analyzed retrospectively. Risk factors for poor prognosis and the effect of vaccination on the clinical outcomes of the patients were evaluated. Results:A total of 403 cancer patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 1st, 2021, and November 30th, 2022, were included, of whom 329 (81.6%) had solid and 74 (18.4%) had hematological cancers. Hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) …

Positive Effects Of Health Behaviors Acquired During The Covid-19 Pandemic Process On The Prevention Of Other Infectious Diseases, Asi̇ye Çi̇ğdem Şi̇mşek, Turan Buzgan, Fatma Nur Baran Aksakal, Şuayip Bi̇ri̇nci̇, Hülya Şi̇ri̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: It was aimed to evaluate the positive effects of health behaviors (general hygiene, wearing face masks, physical distancing, and travel restrictions) acquired during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the prevention of other infectious diseases in Ankara Province, Türkiye. Materials and methods: This study was designed retrospectively. Among the notifiable group A infectious diseases, acute intestinal infections (AIIs) with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes A09 (diarrhea and gastroenteritis presumed to be of infectious origin), R11 (nausea and vomiting), and K52 (other noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis) , as well as influenza, tuberculosis, measles, varicella, malaria, and …

Characterizing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis In A Conflict-Affected Region: A Study From North Waziristan, Pakistan, Zahid Ullah, Fazeelat Samad, Rahila Bano, Sarah Arif, Sher Zamir, Nighat Aziz, Hassan Khan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an emerging tropical disease that remains a serious public health issue in Pakistan, particularly in North Waziristan. The current research was carried out to investigate the presence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in this region. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from October 2018 to December 2020 at District Head Quarter Hospital Miranshah in North Waziristan with the collaboration of the Pathology Department of Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Needle aspirates were used for the microscopic Giemsa-stained slides. SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: Of the 5406 clinically-suspected cases, 2603(48.2%) were …

Comprehensive Comparison Of Clinicoradiological, Laboratory, And Prognostic Factors Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Diabetic And Nondiabetic Hospitalized Patients, Seyyed Hamid Hashemi, Fatemeh Saki, Shiva Borzouei, Rashed Bawand, Alireza Soltanian

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading infectious causes of mortality, and diabetes mellitus is a globally prevalent disease. Consequently, the cooccurrence of these two disorders can be common and create challenging medical conditions. Therefore, it was aimed to compare the various aspects of CAP in diabetic and nondiabetic patients, in order to have a comprehensive and comparative picture of the differences. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, CAP patients with and without diabetes were assessed for clinicoradiological signs, laboratory features, disease severity, and pneumonia outcomes. Results: Analyzed herein were 172 CAP patients (77 had diabetes and …

Association Of Chlamydia Trachomatis Burden With The Vaginal Microbiota, Bacterial Vaginosis, And Metronidazole Treatment, Caleb M. Ardizzone, Christopher M. Taylor, Evelyn Toh, Rebecca A. Lillis, Jacob H. Elnaggar, John W. Lammons, Patricia Dehon Mott, Emily L. Duffy, Li Shen, Alison J. Quayle

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is a common coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), and BV-associated bacteria (BVAB) and their products have been implicated in aiding Ct evade natural immunity. Here, we determined if a non-optimal vaginal microbiota was associated with a higher genital Ct burden and if metronidazole, a standard treatment for BV, would reduce Ct burden or aid in natural clearance of Ct infection. Cervicovaginal samples were collected from women at enrollment and, if testing positive for Ct infection, at a follow-up visit approximately one week later. Cervical Ct burden was assessed by inclusion forming …

Genetic Determinants Underlying The Progressive Phenotype Of Β-Lactam/Β-Lactamase Inhibitor Resistance In Escherichia Coli, William C Shropshire, Hatim Amiji, Jordan Bremer, Selvalakshmi Selvaraj Anand, Benjamin Strope, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Marc Gohel, Samuel Aitken, Sarah Spitznogle, Xiaowei Zhan, Jiwoong Kim, David E Greenberg, Samuel A Shelburne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Currently, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data have not shown strong concordance with Escherichia coli susceptibility profiles to the commonly used β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations: ampicillin-sulbactam (SAM), amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), and piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP). Progressive resistance to these BL/BLIs in the absence of cephalosporin resistance, also known as extended-spectrum resistance to BL/BLI (ESRI), has been suggested to primarily result from increased copy numbers of bla TEM variants, which is not routinely assessed in WGS data. We sought to determine whether addition of gene amplification could improve genotype-phenotype associations through WGS analysis of 147 E. coli bacteremia isolates with increasing categories of BL/BLI non-susceptibility ranging …

Development And Validation Of A Multiplex Real-Time Pcr Assay For Detection And Quantification Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae In Pediatric Respiratory Samples, Molly Butler, Garrett Breazeale, Eric Mwangi, Elaine Dowell, Samuel R Dominguez, Linda Lamberth, Kristina G Hultén, Sarah A Jung

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a bacterial pathogen that causes a range of disease manifestations in children, from acute otitis media to pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. Primary Spn laboratory diagnostic identification methods include culture, antigen testing, single-plex real-time PCR, and syndromic PCR panels. However, each method lacks sensitivity, specificity, and/or cost efficiency. We developed and validated a quantitative, multiplex PCR assay using three Spn genomic targets (lytA, piaB, and SP2020) for improved sensitivity and specificity to detect Spn in pleural fluid (PF), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tracheal aspirate (TA), and upper respiratory (UR, research only) samples. Validation testing …

Prevalence Of Missed Opportunities For Immunization And Its Associated Factors Among Children Below Two Years Old Attending Primary Healthcare Centers In Baghdad/Al-Karkh, Baraka Safaa’ Mustafa, Jalil Ibrahim Saleh

Muthanna Medical Journal

Immunization is an effective means for preventing illness and reducing the burden of various infectious diseases. Incomplete or partial immunization poses a serious threat to the health of children in many developing countries, including Iraq. The objectives are to investigate the prevalence of missed opportunities for immunization (MOI) and its associated factors among children aged below two years old attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Baghdad/Al-Karkh. A cross-sectional study involving 500 children’s companions attending PHCCs in Baghdad/Al-Karkh from the 1st of September 2022 to the 1st of July 2023. The respondents were enrolled using a systematic random sample technique …

The Rise And Decline Of House Finches In Massachusetts, Thomas R. Hamilton

Bird Observer

No abstract provided.

Advanced Separations And Mass Spectrometry Data Acquisition Strategies To Improve Sensitivity And Throughput In Single-Cell Proteomics, Thy Truong

Theses and Dissertations

Single Cell Proteomics (SCP) is an emerging discipline that contributes to a deeper understanding of individual cells' essential components. In biological systems, individual cells exhibit remarkable diversity, showcasing distinct proteomic profiles and functions. Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based techniques have become essential tools for exploring the proteomes of single cells with remarkable precision. While traditional bulk proteomics methods have been invaluable in revealing the overall protein composition of biological samples, they fall short in capturing the subtle nuances and heterogeneity among individual cells in a population. This limitation emphasizes the need for more targeted and detailed analyses to uncover the protein makeup …

Isolation And Characterization Of Nut Shell Proteins From Arachis Hypogea Linn. And Cocos Nucifera Linn. And Its Effect On Macrophage Activation To Treat Visceral Leishmaniasis, Suhatha S

Theses and Dissertations

Glycoproteins are among several immunomodulatory agents known to activate the innate immune system. Plant derived glycoproteins are a generous source of glycoproteins that could be utilized as cost effective preparations for therapeutics. Isolating glycoproteins from agricultural by- products with the intention to use them against Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) was the focus in this doctoral study. The two nut shells, Arachis hypogea L. (Groundnut) and Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut), were used for the isolation of glycoprotein used in the study. Crude glycoproteins from the A. hypogea L. (AHP-C) were isolated and fractioned. AHP-F2 was identified as 28.37 kDa Mannose/Glucose binding lectin …

Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention Perspectives In Black Men Who Have Sex With Men Taking Preexposure Prophylaxis In New Orleans, Meredith E. Clement, Jeremy Beckford, Aish Lovett, Julia Siren, Marie Adorno, Sara Legrand, Marsha Bennett, Jamilah Taylor, Emily Hanlen-Rosado, Brian Perry, Amy Corneli

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Profound sexual health disparities exist for Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the US South, including a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sexually transmitted infection prevention strategies beyond condoms are needed for Black MSM taking preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). METHODS: We conducted in-depth interviews with Black MSM taking PrEP in New Orleans, Louisiana. Informed by the Health Belief Model, we asked about participants' perceived susceptibility, severity, and concerns regarding STIs, and perceived benefits of STI prevention. We also asked about willingness to use various STI prevention strategies, including antibiotic prophylaxis. Interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed …

Feasibility, Enablers And Challenges Of Using Timeliness Metrics For Household Contact Tracing And Tb Preventive Therapy In Pakistan, Bushra Jamil, Divya Nair, Pruthu Thekkur, Neelofar Laeeq, Anum Adil, Mohammed Khogali, Rony Zachariah, Selma Dar Berger, Srinath Satyanarayana, Ajay M V Kumar

Department of Medicine

Introduction: Screening household contacts of TB patients and providing TB preventive therapy (TPT) is a key intervention to end the TB epidemic. Global and timely implementation of TPT in household contacts, however, is dismal. We adapted the 7-1-7 timeliness metric designed to evaluate and respond to infectious disease outbreaks or pandemics, and assessed the feasibility, enablers and challenges of implementing this metric for screening and management of household contacts of index patients with bacteriologically-confirmed pulmonary TB in Karachi city, Pakistan.
Methods: We conducted an explanatory mixed methods study with a quantitative component (cohort design) followed by a qualitative component (descriptive …

A Mathematical Model For Frogeye Leaf Spot Epidemics In Soybean, Chayu Yang, Jin Wang

Department of Mathematics: Faculty Publications

We propose a new mathematical model based on differential equations to investigate the transmission and spread of frogeye leaf spot, a major soybean disease caused by the fungus Cercospora sojina. The model incorporates the primary and secondary transmission routes of the disease as well as the intrinsic dynamics of the pathogen in the contaminated soil. We conduct detailed equilibrium and stability analyses for this model using theories of dynamical systems. We additionally conduct numerical simulations to verify the analytical predictions and to implement the model for a practical application.

Lymphocyte Count And Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Level In Healthy Donors' Blood At An Indonesian Blood Transfusion Center, Adelia Gita Prasasti, Evy Diah Woelansari, Suhariyadi, Anita Dwi Anggraini

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Highlights: 1. It is essential to conduct research on SARS-CoV-2 for the purpose of acquiring further understanding, especially concerning the production of antibodies examined using antibody titer blood tests. 2. Although the relationship between the examined variables is not significant, this study offers valuable information on blood test results after the COVID-19 vaccination, which can serve as scientific evidence for further research. Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that infects the respiratory system by attacking the mucous and epithelial cells. This infection commonly leads to an increase in lymphocyte count as an immune response to …

Maternal Mid-Upper Arm Circumference As A Screening Tool To Predict Infant Birth Weight, Muhammad Rais Fathurrachman, Sri Umijati, Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati, Bagus Setyoboedi

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Highlights: 1. This study investigated the correlation between maternal mid-upper arm circumference and infant birth weight, aiming to present a different outcome compared to previous research. 2. The study's findings offer data suggesting that mid-upper arm circumference can serve as a screening tool for predicting infant birth weight. Abstract Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is commonly used for assessing chronic energy deficiency in women of childbearing age. The measurement of MUAC during pregnancy mainly serves as early detection of potential low birth weight. However, certain studies have indicated no significant correlation between maternal MUAC and birth weight. Therefore, this study aimed …