Digital Commons Network^™

Breast Cancer Metastasic Potential Mediated By Cd44/Hyaluronic Acid Signaling And Strains In The Tumor Microenvironment, Adam David Kotar

All ETDs from UAB

Mechanical stimulation has been found to be an important regulator of nearly all biological processes, from maintaining normal homeostatic conditions to promoting pathological mechanisms of multiple diseases including cancer. While our knowledge of cancer continues to grow, our current models often lack the biophysical forces that are present in the body which could explain why numerous promising therapeutic agents discovered in research fail to translate into clinical efficacy. This study aims to demonstrate that breast cancer progression is mediated by strains in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in conjunction with trans-membranous glycoprotein receptor, CD44. There are many different sources of strain …

The Importance Of Multimodal Play And Storytelling In Medtech For Children: A Case Study Of Co-Designing A Mixed Realities Play Kit To Prepare 4 To 10-Year-Olds For An Mri Scan, D Yamada-Rice, S Love, J Thompson, S Thompson, H Mcquillian

School of Art, Design and Architecture

This article examines the research and development of a mixed realities play-kit to prepare children for an MRI scan to be undertaken without the need for a General Anaesthetic. The kit uses three different types of play; augmented, virtual reality and physical to help children become familiar with the look of an MRI scanner, the noises it makes, the role of the radiographer, what to expect when they go to hospital and to practise staying still. We reflect on the initial multimodal research methods that were used to bring children into the first stages of the design and development process. …

Exploring Coloniality In Occupation-Based Education: Perspectives Of Ghanaian Occupational Therapists, Joana Nana Serwaa Akrofi, Amber M. Angell, Bright Gyamfi, Stefanie Bodison

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

The history, scope, and practice of occupational therapy are taught in many parts of the world using western perspectives. Recently, occupational scientists have explored occupation-based education, including the extent to which occupation is central in occupational therapy programs and the mechanisms of teaching occupation. This study explores how western ideologies have influenced occupation-based education in Ghana by examining the teaching and practice of occupational therapy. We conducted a qualitative study using purposive sampling to recruit four participants from the first four cohorts of practitioners. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Our analysis yielded three main themes: Power, participants described power …

How Performing Arts High School Students Experienced Involvement In A Black, Student-Created And Student-Led Organization Focused On Uplifting Black Art And Artists: A Critical Phenomenological Study With Implications For Culturally Responsive And Sustaining Educational Practices, Shaneka R. Ferrell

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This critical phenomenological study aims to understand the perspectives and experiences of members of Black Arts, a student-created, student-led organization focused on uplifting Black art and artists. The following research question guided this inquiry: What are the experiences of students involved in Black Arts, a student-created, student-led organization focused on uplifting Black art and artists? In addition, three sub-questions were explored: (a) How do students experience their involvement in Black Arts, a student-created, student-led organization focused on uplifting Black art and artists in ways that uplift and magnify their voices and agency? (b) How do student experiences in Black Arts, …

Stable Or Unstable Associations Between Learning Environment Factors, Study Approaches And Exam Grades: Cross-Sectional Analyses Across Two Consecutive Program Years, Jenny Solveig Mygland, Gry Mørk, Linda Stigen, Astrid Gramstad, Trine Alise A. Magne, Tore Bonsaksen

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Studies into the relationships between learning environment perceptions, approaches to studying, and academic outcomes have largely followed cross-sectional designs. As a result, knowledge is sparse with regards to whether, or to what degree, the established associations are consistent across years of study. This study aimed to (i) examine associations between occupational therapy students’ academic performance, their approaches to studying and perceptions of the learning environment, while in their second and third years of study, and (ii) evaluate the consistency of the results across years of study. Occupational therapy students in Norway were assessed annually with regards to their perceptions of …

The Impact Of Racism And Ethnic Discrimination On Students' Educational Experiences, Melissa Luong, Julie D. Kugel, Sharon Pavlovich, Liane Hewitt, Lida Gharibvand

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

This study explored how occupational therapy students’ perceptions of racism and ethnic discrimination impacted their educational experiences. Participants included 226 students ages 18-60 years old enrolled in occupational therapy entry-level, post-professional, or assistant programs throughout the United States. Students completed an anonymous web-based survey that included a demographic questionnaire, the Brief Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version (PEDQ-CV), and open-ended survey questions. Results found that students’ educational performance were negatively impacted by their experiences with racism and ethnic discrimination. While students reported to have experienced racism or ethnic discrimination within the classroom and fieldwork settings, classroom conversations and content related to …

The Relationships Between Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi, Perceived Supervisor Autonomy Support, Autonomous Motivation, And Employee Job Satisfaction: Evidence From International Hotel Chains In China, Jinhua Zhang, Rong Huang, Qian Chen, Guoqing Zhao

Plymouth Business School

This research aims to assess the structural relationships between supervisor-subordinate guanxi, perceived supervisor autonomy support, autonomous motivation, and employee job satisfaction at international hotel chains’ operations in China. The theoretical model was developed and tested by an online questionnaire method. This study administered an online survey to employees working at international hotel chains in China, and a total of 328 valid responses were used for data analysis which was completed through SPSS Statistics 24.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.3. The results reveal that: there is a significant relationship between autonomous motivation and employee job satisfaction; perceived supervisor autonomy support exerts a significant …

Risky Business: Policy Legacy And Gender Inequality In Australian Opera Production, Caitlin Vincent, Katya Johanson, Bronwyn Coate

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The field of cultural policy has seen a shift towards considerations of diversity, with government bodies increasingly leveraging funding to combat inequality within organisations. A barrier to this aim is a lack of quantitative data, which would provide a means to evaluate the impact of specific policies in practice. This article investigates the relationship between gender inequality at an organisational level and cultural policy at a sectoral level through a case study of Australia’s state-funded opera companies. Drawing on production data from 2005 to 2020, we consider women’s representation as conductors, directors, and designers at the state companies through the …

Pedagogy Of Belonging: Pausing To Be Human In Higher Education, Narelle Lemon

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Valuing care and self-care in higher education requires a conscious pause and rethinking of how we are together as educators and students. The pandemic caused various complexities, including changes in curriculum delivery, deadlines, and assessment modes, leading to feelings of overwhelm, anxiety, and change fatigue, which contributed to the emergence of panicgogy. This paper argues for the need to disrupt this way of being and experiencing the pandemic through valuing humanity and repositioning self-care and care by and for academics to inform their pedagogy. Presented is the narrative and the design story behind Pedagogy of Belonging (PoB), a systems informed …

Editor’S Note, Deepak Shimkhada

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

This special issue of Monsoon is dedicated to the studies honoring the goddess traditions in South Asia. The onset of the Monsoon Season in South Asia typically commences in June and continues until late August and early September. The publication of this issue, therefore, has been strategically timed to coincide with that season, which is a vital source of sustenance for millions of individuals in this part of the world. This anthology consisting of five papers—written by scholars with expertise in the field of goddess and women studies—speak unequivocally about the goddesses or women for their strength, beauty, wisdom, and …

Constructing Jain Goddess Padmavātī In Gujarati Literature, Venu Mehta

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Worship of the goddess Padmāvatī emerged more than a thousand years ago. This article explores three songs about her in Gujarati by Paṇḍit Vīrvijayajī (1773-1852). By analyzing the style and form of his work, one learns a great deal about devotional liturgies that commemorate goddess Padmāvatī’s protection of the Jina Pārśvanātha and, in turn, his protection of her.

Women’S Voices From History: Gond Rani Durgawati And Rani Lakshmibhai, Nandini Sengupta, Moupia Basu

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Two strong women are compared and contrasted in this article. Gond Rani Durgawati (1524-1564) led a resistance movement in Jabalpur against the Mughal rule of Akbar. Rani Lakshmibai (1828-1858) organized the people of Jhansi against Sir Hugh Rose, an officer defending the interests of the British East India Company. Both women continue to be remembered for their bravery and their loyalty to the people they ruled.

Mai Bhago And Amrita Devi Bishnoi: Women Of Strength, Sowmya Ayyar

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Mai Bhago (1670-1720), also known as Bhag Kaur, distinguished herself on the battlefield to defend the Sikh faith. Amrita Devi Bishnoi (d. 1730) is said to have sacrificed her life with 362 others to protect the Khejari trees in the Rajasthan desert. Both women continue to inspire social justice and ecological activism.

An Examination Of Gandhian Economic And Political Thought And Its Relevance To The Empowerment Of Women, Purnima Mehta Bhatt

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) sought to alleviate poverty and empower women. His commitment to nonviolence and the economic ideal of “small is beautiful” continue to inspire grassroots movements around the globe. This article discusses the Chipko movement of northern India, the protection of rain forests in Kerala’s Silent Valley, the Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), and Medha Patkar’s valiant though ultimately futile attempt to save the Narmada River from a massive government damming project. The ongoing legacy of these movements can be found in AWAG, the Ahmedabad Women’s Action Group and Women’s Shanti Sena (Peace Force).

Indigenous Stitch-Arts Of India: Tradition And Revival In A Global Age, Punam Madhok

Monsoon: South Asian Studies Association Journal

Stitch art allows for the creative expression and economic support of countless women throughout India. This article examines four notable styles: chikankari, flora and fauna stitched in white thread on fine white cotton, rabari, the stitching of mirrors into colorful cloth, phulkari, resplendent flowery motifs sewn into shawls in Punjab, and kantha, Bengali patch work yielding quilts and seating mats. In addition to describing each technique, this article discusses how women have been economically empowered through this art by such organizations as Self-Help Enterprise (SHE) in Kolkata and Adithi, a women’s cooperative, in Bihar.

An Examination Of A Traditional Business Curriculum And Its Effect On Students’ Level Of Moral Decision Making, Brian M. Rothschild

Theses and Dissertations

The questionable decisions of prominent business leaders in major industries in the last two or more decades has called into question the ethical training corporate leaders receive and their ethical decision-making abilities. The research has been extensive but inconclusive as to whether a traditional business curriculum has the effect of developing the moral decision-making abilities of business majors at universities who may end up in industry leadership positions. Therefore, this applied dissertation was designed to contribute to the literature by providing additional information regarding using ethics as a theme throughout a traditional undergraduate business curriculum.

The study included 141 freshman …

Breaking Boundaries And Creating Inclusion-Based Organization Through Critical Performativity And Dialogical Accountability: The Case Of Fc United Manchester, Daniel Torchia, Simone D. Scagnelli, Laura Corazza

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to extend research on boundary making and breaking through alternative football clubs. These entities have borne out of the disappointment caused by the neoliberal turn of the football industry, which excluded traditional fans from being active actors and therefore call for study and generalization of specific forms of alternative accountability. Design/methodology/approach: The study looks at emerging trends in the accounting and sport literature by drawing on two concepts that emerged in critical scholarship: critical performativity and critical dialogical accountability, with the aim of better understanding how these elements are developed and shaped within …

Surviving Child Sexual Abuse In Women's Artistic Gymnastics: ‘It's Beautiful, Because Had I Stayed In The Past, I Wouldn’T Have Evolved As A Person’, Natalie Barker-Ruchti, Valeria Varea

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal raised global awareness about child sexual abuse (CSA) in women's artistic gymnastics. The ensuing media coverage also centre-staged victims’ survivorship stories, a process that for many moved from dissociating, recognising and disclosing CSA to feeling comfort when connecting with survivors and accepting CSA as part of their life history. However, scholarship on what survivorship from CSA in sport entails, and importantly, what it means to athletes, is limited. In this article, we frame the survival of CSA using Arthur Frank’s socio-narratological conceptualisation of people being able to process the devastating consequences of a life-threatening …

From Cryptocurrencies To Cryptocourts: Blockchain And The Financialization Of Dispute Resolution Platforms, Matthew Dylag

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This paper contributes to emerging discussions of blockchain governance through an analysis of dispute resolution platforms that reimagine justice. We focus specifically on Kleros, a blockchain-enabled dispute resolution platform, that promises to secure, authenticate, and democratize access to justice for the twenty-first century. We advance the concept of cryptocourts whereby jurors, incentivized by accumulating cryptocurrency, rapidly mobilize using principles of on-demand crowdsourcing to resolve disputes. We critique the broader social imaginaries that cryptocourts such as Kleros will result in a more open, trustworthy, transparent, and democratic systems of justice. These platforms instead pose important questions concerning their potential impact …

Towards An Open And Inclusive Digital Humanities: Policies And Initiatives For Open Data Promotion In India, Mumtaj Mumtaj

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The paper discusses about background of open data, policies and initiatives in the field of digital humanities in India. The article highlights the significance of open data on mankind and its potential in advancing research, promoting transparency, and encouraging collaborations. The article analyzes the current state of open data policies and initiatives in world as well as in India .The paper accentuates the significance of open data in enabling greater collaboration and inclusivity in the Digital Humanities in India, and calls for increased efforts to promote open data policies and initiatives in the country .The article talked about the successful …

The Representation Of Thainess In Thai-As-A-Foreign-Language-Textbooks Of The Republic Of Korea, Uprachit Ruamsup

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aims to analyze the representation of Thainess constructed in Thai-as-a-foreign-language textbooks in the Republic of Korea and to examine the factors that influence the construction of these representations. Employing a qualitative research approach and content analysis, the study examines the sociocultural content of five Thai-as-a-foreign-language textbooks aligned with the Critical Foreign Languages policy of the Republic of Korea. The analysis revealed seven key dimensions of sociocultural content within the textbooks, including: language and language culture, people in Thai society, traditions and cultural heritage, Thai history, environmental geography, economy and tourism industry, and Thai politics and international relations. This …

Application Of Anti-Müllerian Hormone As An Indicator For Ovarian Reserve And Ovarian Response To Hormonal Stimulation In Domestic Cats And Wild Felids, Sittat Chumsri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been utilized to predict ovarian reserve and select suitable candidates for natural mating and artificial insemination (AI) in domestic animals. However, research on serum AMH concentration as a fertility marker in feline species remains limited. This study aims to investigate: 1) the possibility of using serum AMH levels to determine the number of follicles in domestic cats; 2) the validation of the AMH Gen II ELISA for measuring serum AMH levels in fishing cats, leopard cats and clouded leopards; and 3) the relationship between serum AMH levels and ovarian responsiveness in clouded leopards. In Study …

The Impact Of English On Experiencing Othering: A Case Study Of Chulalongkorn University Students, Alejandro Soria Higuera

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

International programs in Thailand possess distinctive characteristics as nearly all students are Thai nationals who have met the standard English proficiency requirements. Instruction is entirely in English, and these programs are situated within universities where the majority of students are enrolled in Thai-language programs. Additionally, Thai faculty and staff contribute to the necessity of using the Thai language for social interactions outside the classroom. This complexity surrounding international program students in Thailand has led to the purpose of this research, which is to study the impact of English communication inside and outside the classroom on the path to acquiring competence …

Final Report June 2023: Research Impact Evidence Scheme - Research Impact: Dr. Helen Adam, Maria Enriquez-Watt, Helen Adam

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This research addressed the question: What is the impact of the research of Dr. Helen Adam into the culturally responsive use of diverse literature on practitioners, school communities, policy makers and the wider community?

Key Findings:

• The primary beneficiaries of Adam’s work include policy makers, educational professionals & consultants, academics, teacher trainers, and librarians.
• The secondary beneficiaries of Adam’s research include school children and their families, school communities and the wider community.
• Adam’s research is of pervasive and profound significance in educational sectors and is rapidly becoming of global significance.
• Adam’s research is transformative and impacts on the lives of …

Cultivating A Conscious Cohort: Sisterhood As A Site Of Institutional Change, Alexis Morgan Young, Mary (Mj) Johnson, Courtney A. Douglass, Blake O'Neal Turner

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This chapter discusses the implicit and explicit strategies the authors, four Black women graduate students, use to mentor each other. They use an iterative storytelling process, guided by a framework uncovered from data collected through Sista Circle Methodology, to discuss how their cohort itself is a conscious being with a mind, heart, body, and soul; that contributes to political and social change at our historically white institution. Their implications are for both graduate students and stakeholders in institutions of higher education – including faculty, staff, and administrators.

Reading Group As Method For Feminist Environmental Humanities, James Gardiner, Hayley Singer, Jennifer Hamilton, Astrida Neimanis, Mindy Blaise

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This article argues that reading groups are a collective field building and research method in Feminist Environmental Humanities, an interdisciplinary scholarly area at the intersections of feminist social justice and environmental concerns. We begin by historicising three Australian Feminist Environmental reading groups (COMPOSTING Feminisms, Eco Feminist Fridays, The Ediths) within a longer feminist tradition, then demonstrate how they respond to declining research funding in the neoliberal university and accelerating ecological crisis. Drawing on survey data, we first thematically code and analyse the results to categorise the groups’ functions and impacts. Departing from more traditional data analysis, we then develop a …

ตำรวจไทยกับประเด็นวาระระหว่างประเทศในการป้องกันและปราบปรามปัญหาการล่วงละเมิดทางเพศต่อเด็กทางออนไลน์, ทศพล กระพี้แดง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

สารนิพนธ์นี้ใช้การวิจัยข้อมูลเอกสารเพื่อวิเคราะห์กลยุทธ์ที่สำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาตินำมาใช้ในการต่อต้านการล่วงละเมิดทางเพศต่อเด็กทางออนไลน์ จากความตระหนักรู้ทั่วโลกในการขยายตัวของปัญหาดังกล่าว องค์การระหว่างประเทศและหน่วยงานที่ทำงานด้านสังคมในระดับนานาชาติจึงเข้ามามีบทบาทสำคัญในการให้คำแนะนำและส่งเสริมความร่วมมือระหว่างผู้เกี่ยวข้องทุกฝ่ายในการต่อต้านและปราบปรามการล่วงละเมิดทางเพศต่อเด็กทางออนไลน์ ทำให้ปัญหานี้ถูกยกระดับให้เป็นประเด็นวาระระหว่างประเทศที่ได้รับความสำคัญทั้งในระดับระหว่างประเทศและระดับภูมิภาค ในบริบทดังกล่าวสำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติได้ยกระดับการประสานงานทั้งภายในประเทศไทยและระหว่างประเทศ โดยเฉพาะกับประเทศในกลุ่มอาเซียนเพื่อจัดการกับอาชญากรรมข้ามชาติที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการล่วงละเมิดทางเพศต่อเด็ก เป็นการเสริมพลังให้สำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติมีแนวทางเชิงกลยุทธ์และสร้างความร่วมมือในการจัดการกับการล่วงละเมิดทางเพศต่อเด็กออนไลน์ ไม่เพียงแต่ภายในประเทศไทยเท่านั้น แต่ยังรวมถึงประเทศอื่นๆ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง การแบ่งปันข้อมูล ความร่วมมือในด้านกฎหมาย และการสร้างความสามารถในการปฏิบัติหน้าที่ในด้านการบังคับใช้กฎหมาย การศึกษานี้มีความหมายที่สำคัญต่อสำนักงานตำรวจแห่งชาติในการปรับปรุงกลยุทธ์ในการป้องกันเด็กจากการล่วงละเมิดออนไลน์และในการเสริมความร่วมมือระดับภูมิภาคเพื่อสู้กับอาชญากรรมออนไลน์ได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ

นโยบาย “Cool Japan” 2011-2020 รูปแบบใหม่ของเศรษฐกิจทุนนิยมยุคหลังอุตสาหกรรม, ยุพนธีร์ เขียวขำ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาการแปลงทุนวัฒนธรรมให้กลายเป็นสินค้าภายใต้นโยบาย "Cool Japan" ของประเทศญี่ปุ่นในช่วงปี 2011-2020 โดยใช้กรอบแนวคิดเศรษฐกิจทุนนิยมแบบใหม่ 3 รูปแบบ ได้แก่ ทุนนิยมอวัตถุ ทุนนิยมแพลตฟอร์ม และเศรษฐกิจสีเขียวภายใต้ระบบทุนนิยม เพื่อวิเคราะห์อุตสาหกรรมสร้างสรรค์ 3 ประเภท คือ อุตสาหกรรมอาหาร อุตสาหกรรมเนื้อหา (อนิเมะ) และอุตสาหกรรมการท่องเที่ยว ผลการศึกษาพบว่า นโยบาย Cool Japan ได้นำไปสู่การแปลงทุนวัฒนธรรมของญี่ปุ่นให้กลายเป็นสินค้าและบริการเชิงสัญลักษณ์ที่มีมูลค่าเพิ่มสูง ผ่านการสร้างเรื่องราว ภาพลักษณ์ และประสบการณ์ที่เชื่อมโยงกับอัตลักษณ์ความเป็นญี่ปุ่น จนทำให้เศรษฐกิจสร้างสรรค์เติบโตอย่างก้าวกระโดด ขณะเดียวกัน ก็พบความท้าทายและผลกระทบเชิงลบที่ต้องพิจารณาด้วย เช่น ความเหลื่อมล้ำในการกระจายรายได้ สภาพการทำงานของแรงงาน การครอบงำของกลุ่มทุนและแพลตฟอร์ม ความไม่ยั่งยืนของสิ่งแวดล้อม และการเปลี่ยนแปลงวิถีชีวิตท้องถิ่น การแปลงวัฒนธรรมเป็นสินค้าภายใต้นโยบาย Cool Japan จึงสะท้อนให้เห็นทั้งโอกาสและความเสี่ยงของการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจทุนนิยมหลังอุตสาหกรรม ดังนั้น เพื่อสร้างการเติบโตที่ยั่งยืนและเป็นธรรม จำเป็นต้องมีการปรับสมดุลระหว่างการพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจ ความเท่าเทียมทางสังคม และการรักษาสิ่งแวดล้อม เพื่อให้อุตสาหกรรมสร้างสรรค์เป็นกลไกขับเคลื่อนการพัฒนาประเทศอย่างสมดุลและยั่งยืนต่อไป

The Effect Of Water Temperature And Carbohydrate Drink On Intestinal Epithelial Injury, Endotoxemia, Splanchnic Perfusion, And Core Temperature, During Running In The Heat, Warot Rangsimahariwong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: Prolonged exercise can result in splanchnic hypoperfusion and elevated core body temperature (Tcore), which can contribute to gastrointestinal injury and endotoxemia. The effects of fluid temperature and carbohydrate consumption during exercise on these variables are less clear. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the effects of the temperature of water and carbohydrate drinks on intestinal epithelial injury, endotoxemia, splanchnic perfusion, and Tcore during 60-minute of moderate-intensity running. Methods: Ten participants completed four 60-minute running trials at 70% VO2max with different types of hydration: no water (NW), ambient temperature water (ATW), cold water (CW), and cold carbohydrate water (CW+CHO). Doppler …

Usability Evaluation Of Iot Based Hvac Dashboard, Rubina Shrestha

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This thesis presents a usability evaluation of a smart Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) dashboard interface through a cross-cultural study. The objective is to assess the usability problems and evaluate the user experience of the interface through quantitative and qualitative analysis. The study recruited 20 participants from three different countries, considering their familiarity and unfamiliarity with smart HVAC systems. The participants performed a set of tasks using the dashboard while providing think-aloud feedback. The quantitative evaluation measured effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction based on the ISO:9241-11:2018, while the qualitative evaluation focused on identifying usability issues based on participant feedback …