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2023

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Potential Contribution Of Immature Myeloid Cd11c+Dendritic Cells-Derived Osteoclast Precursor To Inflammation-Induced Bone Loss In The Traf6-Null Chimeras In-Vivo, Andy Yen-Tung Teng, Yen Chun G. Liu Jan 2023

Potential Contribution Of Immature Myeloid Cd11c+Dendritic Cells-Derived Osteoclast Precursor To Inflammation-Induced Bone Loss In The Traf6-Null Chimeras In-Vivo, Andy Yen-Tung Teng, Yen Chun G. Liu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting-cells widely distributed at the osteo-immune and/or mucosal–mesenchyme interface, consequentially implicating in certain bone-sparing disorders; i.e., via signaling Receptor-activator-of-nuclear-factor-kappa-B-ligand/RANKL-Receptor-activator-of-nuclear-factor-kB/RANK-Osteoprotegerin/OPG-TRAF6 transducer-complex etc. , evidently associated with arthritis, osteoporosis and periodontitis. We have reported that the immature myeloid CD11c+-DC subsets can act as osteoclast precursor (OCp; mDDOCp), thereby developing into osteoclasts (OCs) via an alternative pathway for osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, cytokine TGF-β remains critical to prime CD11c+-mDDOCp-cells deficient of TRAF6-&-related immune/osteotropic signaling, featuring distinctive TGF-β-&-IL-17-invoked effectors in the environmental milieu sufficient to driving bona-fide osteoclastogenesis in-vitro . Herein, we sought to explore the potential contribution of immature-mDDOCp/OCp …

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Enhancing Patient-Centred Care In Taiwan's Dental Education System: Exploring The Feasibility Of Doctor-Patient Communication Education And Training, Pei-Chou Liao, Yi-Zhou He, Yung-Ta Chang Jan 2023

Enhancing Patient-Centred Care In Taiwan's Dental Education System: Exploring The Feasibility Of Doctor-Patient Communication Education And Training, Pei-Chou Liao, Yi-Zhou He, Yung-Ta Chang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose Improved communication can optimize treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction. Findings emphasize the need for tailored communication strategies based on patient characteristics. Implementing communication courses can enhance patient-centered care and reduce conflicts. Therefore, this study examined the feasibility of integrating doctor-patient communication education in Taiwan's dental education system. Materials and methods Using interviews and questionnaires, we conducted descriptive statistics and generalized linear mixed-effects model analysis on the importance of doctor-patient communication from the dentist and patient perspectives. Results More than 600 patient surveys and four interviewed dentists with 20+ years of experience stressed doctor-patient communication in dentistry. Patients' age …

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A Scientometric Study Of Tobacco And Alcohol Use As Risk Factors For Oral Cavity Health, Wei Liu, Hao Liu, Zhonglin Yu, Ziyun Xu, Tingzhong Liu Jan 2023

A Scientometric Study Of Tobacco And Alcohol Use As Risk Factors For Oral Cavity Health, Wei Liu, Hao Liu, Zhonglin Yu, Ziyun Xu, Tingzhong Liu

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose Tobacco and alcohol are the well-known carcinogenic agents of oral cavity health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the scientometric characteristics of alcohol and tobacco use and oral health. Materials and methods The papers on alcohol and tobacco use and oral cavity were published since 1885 and 1895, respectively. All the eligible papers were retrieved on March 20, 2023 from the Scopus database. Results There are 2529 and 1545 papers on tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking and oral cavity in the Scopus database, respectively. Based on the frequency of keywords in all included papers, both smoking …

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Evaluation Of Neck Control Strategies For Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Stage I: Neck Dissection Or Potential Immunotherapy, Wei Liu, Chengshuai Yang, Zirui Wang, Linjun Shi Jan 2023

Evaluation Of Neck Control Strategies For Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Stage I: Neck Dissection Or Potential Immunotherapy, Wei Liu, Chengshuai Yang, Zirui Wang, Linjun Shi

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract The neck control strategies of early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with clinical node-negative neck remain uncertain. These patients could be benefit from elective neck dissection (END) alongside primary tumor excision; but current evidence on END versus observation for OSCC of stage I only is not yet analyzed collectively in detail. Herein, this short communication aimed to evaluate the neck control strategies of stage I OSCC, mainly END versus observation. A total of 740 patients with stage I OSCC, comprising 434 underwent END and 306 received observation, were identified from literature. The results showed that stage I OSCC …

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Association Of Student Performance Between Dental Anatomy Waxing And Preclinical Operative Dentistry, Hiroe Ohyama, Vivian Ha, Amy Lin, Supattriya Chutinan, Lang Liang Jan 2023

Association Of Student Performance Between Dental Anatomy Waxing And Preclinical Operative Dentistry, Hiroe Ohyama, Vivian Ha, Amy Lin, Supattriya Chutinan, Lang Liang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Spatial perception and psychomotor skills are critical components to clinical dentistry. However, measures within the dental school curricula have not been sufficiently studied and evaluated for their effectiveness in predicting preclinical performance. The objective of this study was to examine whether students’ waxing skills are associated with preclinical operative performance. This study included 65 students from two class years at the Harvard School of Dental Medicine. Regression analysis was utilized to assess associations between waxing scores and operative exam scores. Waxing scores were found to be positively correlated with all operative practical exam scores and significantly associated with the …

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The Scientometric Characteristics Of Cheilitis Researched By Multidisciplinary Specialists: A Comparative Study, Wei Liu, Xiaolan Gao, Hanming Wang Jan 2023

The Scientometric Characteristics Of Cheilitis Researched By Multidisciplinary Specialists: A Comparative Study, Wei Liu, Xiaolan Gao, Hanming Wang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose Cheilitis is a relatively common lip disease with many etiologies and causes including concomitant mucocutaneous or systemic diseases, which needs multidisciplinary communication. The purpose of this study was to compare the scientometric characteristics of cheilitis publications by multidisciplinary specialists. Materials and methods All the papers on cheilitis were comprehensively retrieved from the Scopus database, and divided into three groups (dermatologists, stomatologists, and other scholars). Results There were 478 and 241 papers on cheilitis published by dermatologists and stomatologists, respectively. The total citation count was 5838 and the h index was 36 for cheilitis publications by dermatologists, and the …

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A Scientometric Study Of Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis With Emphasis On Chemopreventive Agents, Wei `. Liu, Ziyuan Zhou, Xinyi Han, Shukun Shen, Kai Sun Jan 2023

A Scientometric Study Of Chemical Carcinogen-Induced Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis With Emphasis On Chemopreventive Agents, Wei `. Liu, Ziyuan Zhou, Xinyi Han, Shukun Shen, Kai Sun

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced tongue carcinoma and 7,12-dimethlybenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced cheek pouch carcinoma are the most common and classical chemical carcinogen-induced animal models of oral carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to provide the research trends and characteristics of 4NQO- and DMBA-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis. Materials and methods The papers on both 4NQO- and DMBA-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis were published since 1962. All the eligible papers were retrieved on 12 May 2023 from the Scopus database. Results There were 506 and 349 papers on 4NQO- and DMBA-induced experimental oral carcinogenesis with 10,152 and 6306 citations, respectively. The common distinctive …

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The Onset And Progression Of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders In Fanconi Anemia Patients: Highlighting Early Detection Of Oral Cancer, Wei Liu, Yuanyuan Long, Chenxi Li, Xiaochen Zhang, Zhenhu Ren Jan 2023

The Onset And Progression Of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders In Fanconi Anemia Patients: Highlighting Early Detection Of Oral Cancer, Wei Liu, Yuanyuan Long, Chenxi Li, Xiaochen Zhang, Zhenhu Ren

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract In 2020, Fanconi anemia (FA) was classified as a syndrome with insufficient epidemiological evidence in the oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) group by the WHO Collaborating Centre. The paucity of case reports on FA-associated OPMD limits evidence-based management, and such cases have not been analyzed collectively in detail. Hence, the objective of this short communication is to summarize the evidence on the onset and progression of OPMD in FA patients, so as to better understand the natural history of oral cancer development in patients affected by FA. A total of 11 eligible papers containing 1332 FA patients are involved …

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Assessing The Core Construct? A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of Positive Symptomology In Mmpi-2 Clinical Scale 8 And Restructured Clinical Scale 8, Aubrie R. Musselman Jan 2023

Assessing The Core Construct? A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Of Positive Symptomology In Mmpi-2 Clinical Scale 8 And Restructured Clinical Scale 8, Aubrie R. Musselman

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The transition from the MMPI-2 clinical scales to the restructured clinical (RC) scales sparked controversy and debate on several levels of analysis. At the psychometric level, the RC scales have been criticized for alleged construct drift, poor sensitivity, and potential redundancy due to their factor analytic construction. The first issue of construct validity, one of the most essential components of any psychometric tool, was the primary focus of this investigation. Specifically, claims have been made that because the RC scales demonstrate stronger correlations with the content scales than they do with their parent clinical scales, they do not adequately assess …

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The Chironian 2023, New York Medical College Jan 2023

The Chironian 2023, New York Medical College

The Chironian

The Chironian is distributed to a readership of 16,000 faculty, alumni and employees of New York Medical College, government and community leaders, affiliated hospitals and selected media. Each issue is carefully crafted to provide a balance of articles on cutting-edge research, personality profiles, student accomplishments and alumni news from all five schools on the NYMC campus. Inquiries can be sent to [email protected].

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The New Pornography Wars, Julie A. Dahlstrom Jan 2023

The New Pornography Wars, Julie A. Dahlstrom

Faculty Scholarship

The world’s largest online pornography conglomerate, MindGeek, has come under fire for the publishing of “rape videos,” child pornography, and nonconsensual pornography on its website, Pornhub. As in the “pornography wars” of the 1970s and 1980s, lawyers and activists have now turned to civil remedies and filed creative anti-trafficking lawsuits against MindGeek and third parties, like payment processing company, Visa. These lawsuits seek not only to achieve legal accountability for online sex trafficking but also to reframe a broader array of online harms as sex trafficking.

This Article explores what these new trafficking lawsuits mean for the future regulation of …

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Abandoning Animus, Robert L. Tsai Jan 2023

Abandoning Animus, Robert L. Tsai

Faculty Scholarship

This Essay presents a preliminary set of arguments against the legal concept of animus grounded in actual practice. After considering the major reasons advanced in support of the animus approach as well as the main objections, I argue that the end of animus may come once we confront the limits of judicial capacity. First, judges have not been willing or able to resort to the animus rationale to call out bigotry where the evidence of hostility is robust. These failures suggest that projects founded upon judicial review to reduce hateful motivations may be overly optimistic. Second, on the occasions the …

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An Intersubjective Approach To The Role Of Anger In Differentiation And The Development Of A Cohesive Self: A Case Study, Hannah Schriber Jan 2023

An Intersubjective Approach To The Role Of Anger In Differentiation And The Development Of A Cohesive Self: A Case Study, Hannah Schriber

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

The anger-turned-inward theory of depression has been extensively explored in psychodynamic literature. Still, little has been written about how modern relational approaches work with anger to aid patients in developing a healthy self-concept. This paper will first focus on a literature review of anger in Self Psychology and Intersubjective Systems Theory. These theories view anger as the manifestation of asserting one’s self after narcissistic injury. This paper will explore the relationship between anger and depression with an intersubjective lens utilizing the case study of Martha. Here I conceptualize depression as an introjective defense against misattuned early relational experiences. I explore …

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Adapting Grief And Bereavement-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Chinese-Identifying Individuals In America: A Cultural Analysis, Ian Tsang Jan 2023

Adapting Grief And Bereavement-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Chinese-Identifying Individuals In America: A Cultural Analysis, Ian Tsang

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Anti-Asian hate as well as shifting circumstances brought on by current events all around the world highlight the increased need for mental health support and services in an ever-growing Chinese population in the United States, particularly in regard to grief work. Additionally, Chinese Americans demonstrate a disproportionate and lower utilization of mental health services, especially in comparison to the general population in the country. This paper discusses the various factors contributing to this phenomenon before presenting recommendations for culturally adapting evidence-based approaches to grieving individuals in the target population. More specifically, a cultural analysis consisting of topics such as Chinese …

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A Qualitative Analysis Of Treatment Providers’ Understanding And Assessment Of Trauma And Autism, Leah Hanson Jan 2023

A Qualitative Analysis Of Treatment Providers’ Understanding And Assessment Of Trauma And Autism, Leah Hanson

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are particularly vulnerable to traumatic experiences and further development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Underlying traumatic stress is commonly missed and remained untreated in the autism population. In a previous pilot study, Hanson and Richards (2021) gathered providers’ understandings on trauma and autism The current study is a further, systemic content analysis on archival data from Hanson and Richard’s pilot study. Results from the current content analysis of the responses to Question 1 (How do you assess for trauma in your patients?) revealed that providers assess patients’ trauma primarily by interviewing caregiver and patients, …

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Alexander Hamilton And Administrative Law: How America’S First Great Public Administrator Informs And Challenges Our Understanding Of Contemporary Administrative Law, Rodger D. Citron Jan 2023

Alexander Hamilton And Administrative Law: How America’S First Great Public Administrator Informs And Challenges Our Understanding Of Contemporary Administrative Law, Rodger D. Citron

Scholarly Works

Alexander Hamilton’s recognition and reputation have soared since the premiere of “Hamilton,” Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical about him in 2015. For lawyers, Hamilton’s work on the Federalist Papers and service as the nation’s first Treasury Secretary likely stand out more than other aspects of his extraordinary life. Politics and economics were fundamental concerns addressed by the Framers in a number of ways, including what we now refer to as administrative law—the laws and procedures that guide government departments (or, as we say today, agencies). Indeed, “Hamilton” reminds us that questions of administration and administrative law have been with us since the …

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Government Lawyers May Be Prime Candidates For College And University Presidencies, Patricia E. Salkin Jan 2023

Government Lawyers May Be Prime Candidates For College And University Presidencies, Patricia E. Salkin

Scholarly Works

With roughly 4,000 institutions of higher education in the United States, there is a body of literature on leadership in higher education and presidents have been studies and critiqued by biographers and by scholars, yet up until now there has been scarce attention to the documented trend of lawyers leading higher education. Within the subset of lawyer presidents, one major commonality is government law experience in their career prior to the campus presidency. This article explores the unique skills and leadership that government lawyers can offer colleges and universities and provides examples of presidents with former government experience at all …

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New York’S Professor John R. Nolon: A National Leader In Land Use Law With A Large Impact Across The Hudson Valley And The State Of New York, Patricia E. Salkin, Samuel Stewart Jan 2023

New York’S Professor John R. Nolon: A National Leader In Land Use Law With A Large Impact Across The Hudson Valley And The State Of New York, Patricia E. Salkin, Samuel Stewart

Scholarly Works

As Professor John R. Nolon steps down from active law teaching, this article reflects not only on his contributions as a national thought leader in the field, but also on how he has a hand in changing the land use and conservation patterns in New York while promoting affordable housing and combating discrimination.

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Virtual Gaming, Actual Damage: Video Game Design That Intentionally And Successfully Addicts Users Constitutes Civil Battery, Allison Caffarone Jan 2023

Virtual Gaming, Actual Damage: Video Game Design That Intentionally And Successfully Addicts Users Constitutes Civil Battery, Allison Caffarone

Scholarly Works

In recent years, there has been increased academic interest in both the neurological effects of compulsive gaming and the potential tort liability of game developers who scientifically engineer games in order to addict users. Scholars from various disciplines are currently debating the scope and potential solutions to the problems associated with Gaming Disorder, now a globally recognized illness. This article contributes to this discussion by offering a multidisciplinary analysis of the scope of video game addiction, its neurological bases, and its relation to the legal rights and responsibilities of victims and game developers. In addition, this article explores the practical …

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Once The Jury Sees It, The Jury Can’T Unsee It: The Challenge Trial Judges Face When Authenticating Video Evidence In The Age Of Deepfakes, Taurus Myhand Jan 2023

Once The Jury Sees It, The Jury Can’T Unsee It: The Challenge Trial Judges Face When Authenticating Video Evidence In The Age Of Deepfakes, Taurus Myhand

Scholarly Works

The proliferation of deepfake videos has resulted in rapid improvements in the technology used to create them. Although the use of fake videos and images are not new, advances in artificial intelligence have made deepfakes easier to make and harder to detect. Basic human perception is no longer sufficient to detect deepfakes. Yet, under the current construction of the Federal Rules of Evidence, trials judges are expected to do just that. Trial judges face a daunting challenge when applying the current evidence authentication standards to video evidence in this new reality of widely available deepfake videos. This article examines the …

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Predicting Lower Millennial Turnover Intentions: Examining Work Benefits Factors And Organizational Environment Factors As Sets, Lyric W. Fortson Jan 2023

Predicting Lower Millennial Turnover Intentions: Examining Work Benefits Factors And Organizational Environment Factors As Sets, Lyric W. Fortson

Master's Theses

Millennials make up the majority of the working population now, however organizations are struggling to retain them, as they tend to turnover in their job roles after an average of just a few years. The purpose of this study was to examine what workplace variables could predict lower turnover intentions in Millennials. This study examined a set of two work benefits factors, satisfaction with salary and satisfaction with career advancement, and a set of three organizational environment factors, satisfaction with feedback, satisfaction with supervisor, and satisfaction with work-life balance, as predictors of lower turnover intentions in Millennials. A survey was …

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Bubble Detection Under Microgravity In A Closed-Loop Microchannel Perfusion System, Max S. Kim Jan 2023

Bubble Detection Under Microgravity In A Closed-Loop Microchannel Perfusion System, Max S. Kim

Master's Theses

Altered gravitational conditions result in changes in biological function. Studies in microgravity have shown irregularities in fluid redistribution within the vascular system. In order to study these irregularities, a cell culture perfusion system is necessary. Bubbles can proliferate in closed-loop systems and are detrimental to cells. However, the effects of bubbles in a closed-loop system in microgravity are unknown. Accordingly, the hypothesis of this investigation is that the absence of a constant-direction gravitational body force will exacerbate the presence of bubbles in a closed-loop microfluidic perfusion system. In order to examine the hypothesis, a closed-loop microfluidic cell culture perfusion system …

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Accident Prediction On E-Bikes Using Computer Vision, Rohith Puvvala Subramanyam Jan 2023

Accident Prediction On E-Bikes Using Computer Vision, Rohith Puvvala Subramanyam

Master's Theses

Micro Mobility refers to small, confined pace range, and lightweight modes oftransportation, which include e-Bikes and e-Scooters. Micro Mobility riders are prone to harm and deadly injuries on city streets. Statistics show that on average 27 out of 82 (33%) humans, in the United States get injured every day in e-motorcycle injuries, which is rapidly increasing as compared to previous years. The current accident prediction strategies have been rather technically complicated to be incorporated onto micromobility vehicles which are lighter in weight and smaller in size. Current strategies bring key challenges to light. First, as micro-mobility vehicles are small and …

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An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Female Olympic Athletes’ Experiences With Social Media, Mercedez M. Sanchez Jan 2023

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Of Female Olympic Athletes’ Experiences With Social Media, Mercedez M. Sanchez

Master's Theses

Social media is prevalent in athletes’ lives and sport today. Sport psychology scholars have conducted numerous research studies on the effects of social media in athletes, yet not specifically athletes who have participated in the Olympic Games. Less is known about how Olympic athletes perceive, interpret, and manage both positive and negative social media effects. It is essential that those involved in athletics are aware of how the highest-level athletes experience various forms of public feedback on social media, and how they can manage the effects of this feedback. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the experiences …

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Spatiotemporal Dynamics And Biogeochemical Responses In A Tidally Restricted Moro Cojo Slough, Ryan Chiu Jan 2023

Spatiotemporal Dynamics And Biogeochemical Responses In A Tidally Restricted Moro Cojo Slough, Ryan Chiu

Master's Theses

Four years of observational data for Moro Cojo Slough (MCS), a Mediterranean climate estuary in central California, linked anthropogenic nutrient loading and hydrological modifications to a shift in net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) that differs from the characteristic net heterotrophic behavior of most estuarine systems. A lack of precipitation and limited flushing during the dry seasons, as evidenced from hypersaline waters, contribute to high ecosystem respiration rates that drove NEM to nearly balanced or net autotrophic. During the wet seasons, increased runoff and nutrient loading due to precipitation elevated primary production rates within MCS, characterizing the system as net autotrophic. Box …

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Advertisement Blindness In Social Media Apps, Nora Szladovics Jan 2023

Advertisement Blindness In Social Media Apps, Nora Szladovics

Master's Theses

Advertisement blindness (ad blindness) is a general term that refers to people’s tendency to automatically and unconsciously ignore advertisements. The phenomenon was originally identified in banner ads, then later in text and native ads on websites. Today, social media is an effective tool for advertisers, yet research investigating users’ interaction habits with social media ads in mobile applications (apps) is unexplored. This study expands the ad blindness concept to mobile social media apps, examining its presence and whether target position has an influence. Further, it investigates the relationship between social media use and ad blindness. Employing a novel approach, the …

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Reconstructing Auditory Evoked Cortical Response With Fewer Trials, Zoey Y. Zhang Jan 2023

Reconstructing Auditory Evoked Cortical Response With Fewer Trials, Zoey Y. Zhang

Master's Theses

Auditory evoked fields (AEF) paradigm is a common research tool to study human auditory responses by using Magnetoencephalography (MEG), a neuroimaging tool. AEF paradigm requires repetition over many trials to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but Autistic children and some other populations cannot tolerate prolonged exam time due to various reasons. To address these challenges, this project uses a novel machine learning algorithm, Champagne with baseline noise learning, to reconstruct AEF data with fewer trials (80%, 60%, 40%, 20%) but produce the same results as using all AEF trials (100%). The results show that this novel machine learning algorithm can …

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Misinformation Containment Using Nlp And Machine Learning: Why The Problem Is Still Unsolved, Vishnu S. Pendyala Jan 2023

Misinformation Containment Using Nlp And Machine Learning: Why The Problem Is Still Unsolved, Vishnu S. Pendyala

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Despite the increased attention and substantial research into it claiming outstanding successes, the problem of misinformation containment has only been growing in the recent years with not many signs of respite. Misinformation is rapidly changing its latent characteristics and spreading vigorously in a multi-modal fashion, sometimes in a more damaging manner than viruses and other malicious programs on the internet. This chapter examines the existing research in natural language processing and machine learning to stop the spread of misinformation, analyzes why the research has not been practical enough to be incorporated into social media platforms, and provides future research directions. …

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Factors Influencing Educational Equity In Online Instruction For Students During Covid-19, Sudha Krishnan Jan 2023

Factors Influencing Educational Equity In Online Instruction For Students During Covid-19, Sudha Krishnan

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

This qualitative study examined special education teachers’ perceptions of student success in online instruction during the pandemic school closures to isolate the key determinants in the differential student outcomes reported by the teachers. Data were collected from 16 teachers using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic coding. The six themes that emerged from the data were that the key determinants of student outcomes were variables related to teacher, school administrator, district, student, parent, and pedagogy. The study showed that underlying deficit thinking in school professionals, lack of planned support for those parents and students needing the most support, and limited …

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Just Go To The Office! An Intersectional Exploration Of The Role Of Race And Gender In Discipline Referral Reasons, Kamilah B. Legette, Yoli Anyon Jan 2023

Just Go To The Office! An Intersectional Exploration Of The Role Of Race And Gender In Discipline Referral Reasons, Kamilah B. Legette, Yoli Anyon

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Educators’ differential selection of Black and Latine students for office discipline referrals is a significant driver of inequity in exclusionary outcomes. Using demographic data and discipline records for all students in one large urban school district, we use descriptive statistics and multilevel regression models to consider whether referral reasons are racialized and if these patterns intersect with gender. Our analyses indicate that educators are consistently more likely to refer Black students than White students to the office for several subjective reasons, including habitual disruption, that are purportedly race-neutral but privilege Whiteness. They are less likely to make referrals for Black …

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