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2022

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Permafrost Landscape History Shapes Fluvial Chemistry, Ecosystem Carbon Balance, And Potential Trajectories Of Future Change, Scott Zolkos, Suzanne E. Tank, Steven V. Kokelj, Robert G. Striegl, Sarah Shakil, Carolina Voigt, Oliver Sonnentag, William L. Quinton, Edward A.G. Schuur, Donatella Zona, Peter M. Lafleur, Ryan C. Sullivan, Masahito Ueyama, David Billesbach, David Cook, Elyn R. Humphreys, Philip Marsh Sep 2022

Permafrost Landscape History Shapes Fluvial Chemistry, Ecosystem Carbon Balance, And Potential Trajectories Of Future Change, Scott Zolkos, Suzanne E. Tank, Steven V. Kokelj, Robert G. Striegl, Sarah Shakil, Carolina Voigt, Oliver Sonnentag, William L. Quinton, Edward A.G. Schuur, Donatella Zona, Peter M. Lafleur, Ryan C. Sullivan, Masahito Ueyama, David Billesbach, David Cook, Elyn R. Humphreys, Philip Marsh

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

Intensifying permafrost thaw alters carbon cycling by mobilizing large amounts of terrestrial substrate into aquatic ecosystems. Yet, few studies have measured aquatic carbon fluxes and constrained drivers of ecosystem carbon balance across heterogeneous Arctic landscapes. Here, we characterized hydrochemical and landscape controls on fluvial carbon cycling, quantified fluvial carbon fluxes, and estimated fluvial contributions to ecosystem carbon balance across 33 watersheds in four ecoregions in the continuous permafrost zone of the western Canadian Arctic: unglaciated uplands, ice-rich moraine, and organic-rich lowlands and till plains. Major ions, stable isotopes, and carbon speciation and fluxes revealed patterns in carbon cycling across ecoregions …

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Circadian Clock Controls Rhythms In Ketogenesis By Interfering With Ppar Alpha Transcriptional Network, Volha Mezhnina, Oghogho P. Ebeigbe, Nikkhil Velingkaar, Allan Poe, Yana I. Sandlers, Roman Kondratov Sep 2022

Circadian Clock Controls Rhythms In Ketogenesis By Interfering With Ppar Alpha Transcriptional Network, Volha Mezhnina, Oghogho P. Ebeigbe, Nikkhil Velingkaar, Allan Poe, Yana I. Sandlers, Roman Kondratov

Biological, Geological, and Environmental Faculty Publications

Ketone bodies are energy-rich metabolites and signaling molecules whose production is mainly regulated by diet. Caloric restriction (CR) is a dietary intervention that improves metabolism and extends longevity across the taxa. We found that CR induced high -amplitude daily rhythms in blood ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate [beta OHB]) that correlated with liver beta OHB level. Time-restricted feeding, another periodic fasting-based diet, also led to rhythmic beta OHB but with reduced amplitude. CR induced strong circadian rhythms in the expression of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis genes in the liver. The transcriptional factor peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and its transcriptional target hepatokine …

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Honors Oracle, September 2022, Marshall University Honors College Sep 2022

Honors Oracle, September 2022, Marshall University Honors College

Honors Oracle

Marshall University’s Honors College newsletter.

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College Of Liberal Arts Viewbook 2022, University Of Mississippi. College Of Liberal Arts Sep 2022

College Of Liberal Arts Viewbook 2022, University Of Mississippi. College Of Liberal Arts

Liberal Arts Publications

Eight-page brochure with an overview of the University of Mississippi College of Liberal Arts. A brief history of the college is provided, along with a description of majors, minors, centers, and multi-disciplinary programs.

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Preparation, Characterization And Pharmacokinetics Of Tolfenamic Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Wei Xu, Zhaoyou Deng, Yifei Xiang, Dujuan Zhu Sep 2022

Preparation, Characterization And Pharmacokinetics Of Tolfenamic Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Wei Xu, Zhaoyou Deng, Yifei Xiang, Dujuan Zhu

Faculty and Student Publications

The clinical use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is limited by their poor water solubility, unstable absorption, and low bioavailability. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) exhibit high biocompatibility and the ability to improve the bioavailability of drugs with low water solubility. Therefore, in this study, a tolfenamic acid solid lipid nanoparticle (TA-SLN) suspension was prepared by a hot melt–emulsification ultrasonication method to improve the sustained release and bioavailability of TA. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of the TA-SLN suspension were 82.50 ± 0.63%, 25.13 ± 0.28%, 492 ± 6.51 nm, 0.309 ± …

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The Socioeconomic Achievement Gap In The Us Public Schools, Kate Bradley Sep 2022

The Socioeconomic Achievement Gap In The Us Public Schools, Kate Bradley

Ballard Brief

Impoverished children are severely disadvantaged before even reaching adulthood. In public schools, lower-income children are significantly less likely to succeed than their wealthier classmates. Poverty affects a child's brain development, inhibiting their ability to learn and understand. In addition, lower income students go to schools with insufficient funding and resources: quality teachers or the lack thereof increase the inability to provide for these students adequately. The achievement gap affects students by increasing dropout rates. It involves the nation by costing the US nearly $700 billion annually. Even more grave than the financial consequences is the loss of every student-each with …

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Faculty Achievements Report, September 2022, Otterbein University Sep 2022

Faculty Achievements Report, September 2022, Otterbein University

Faculty Achievement Reports

No abstract provided.

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Convergence: Eos News And Updates, September 2022, Unh Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space Sep 2022

Convergence: Eos News And Updates, September 2022, Unh Institute For The Study Of Earth, Oceans And Space

Convergence: EOS News and Updates

No abstract provided.

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Multimodal Cotranslational Interactions Direct Assembly Of The Human Multi-Trna Synthetase Complex, Krishnendu Khan, Briana Long, Valentin Gogonea, Gauravi M. Deshpande, Kommireddy Vasu, Paul L. Fox Sep 2022

Multimodal Cotranslational Interactions Direct Assembly Of The Human Multi-Trna Synthetase Complex, Krishnendu Khan, Briana Long, Valentin Gogonea, Gauravi M. Deshpande, Kommireddy Vasu, Paul L. Fox

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Amino acid ligation to cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs)-essential interpreters of the genetic code during translation. Mammalian cells harbor 20 cytoplasmic aaRSs, out of which 9 (in 8 proteins), with 3 non-aaRS proteins, AIMPs 1 to 3, form the similar to 1.25-MDa multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC). The function of MSC remains uncertain, as does its mechanism of assembly. Constituents of multiprotein complexes encounter obstacles during assembly, including inappropriate interactions, topological constraints, premature degradation of unassembled subunits, and suboptimal stoichiometry. To facilitate orderly and efficient complex formation, some complexes are assembled cotranslationally by a mechanism in …

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Physical, Chemical, And Mineralogical Controls On Retardation Of Anatoxin-A Migration By Sorption To Natural Soils With Implications For Groundwater Protection, Justin L. Hobart, Andrew M. O’Reilly, Jennifer N. Gifford Sep 2022

Physical, Chemical, And Mineralogical Controls On Retardation Of Anatoxin-A Migration By Sorption To Natural Soils With Implications For Groundwater Protection, Justin L. Hobart, Andrew M. O’Reilly, Jennifer N. Gifford

Faculty and Student Publications

Increasing prevalence of cyanotoxins in surface water bodies worldwide threatens groundwater quality when contaminated water recharges an aquifer through natural or artificial means. The subsurface fate of anatoxin-a (ATX) is not well studied. Laboratory batch experiments were performed to expand the current knowledge of ATX sorption affinities to geologic media, with a focus on natural soil (Vertisol, Ultisol, Alfisol, and Inceptisol) and physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics. For a range of aqueous ATX concentrations (0.3–14 μg/L), linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherms fit observed data well (r2 = 0.92–1.00, RMSE = 0.4–6.3 μg/kg). Distribution coefficient (Kd) and retardation factor (Rf) values …

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Responses Of Soil Heterotrophic Respiration And Microbial Biomass To Organic And Conventional Production Systems, Kripa Dhakal, Madhav Parajuli, Siyang Jian, Jianwei Li, Dilip Nandwani Sep 2022

Responses Of Soil Heterotrophic Respiration And Microbial Biomass To Organic And Conventional Production Systems, Kripa Dhakal, Madhav Parajuli, Siyang Jian, Jianwei Li, Dilip Nandwani

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

The effects of organic and conventional production systems on crop productivity have been greatly explored, but their effects on soil microbial processes were often neglected. A comparative field study of organic and conventional production systems was conducted at the Tennessee State University research farm to determine soil heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass carbon. Leafy green vegetables were grown in a conventional production system in an open field, and they were grown in an organic production system, using three different row covers (agribon cloth, insect net, and plastic), and in an open field. Soil samples (0-15cm) were collected from the two …

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Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment For Large-Bodied Women With Depression, Margit Berman, John Park, Monica E. Kragenbrink, Mark T. Hegel Sep 2022

Accept Yourself! A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Self-Acceptance-Based Treatment For Large-Bodied Women With Depression, Margit Berman, John Park, Monica E. Kragenbrink, Mark T. Hegel

Faculty Authored Articles

A pilot parallel randomized controlled trial compared a self-acceptance, non-weight-loss intervention, Accept Yourself! (AY), to a weight loss program, Weight Watchers (WW), in order to provide preliminary safety, feasibility, and efficacy data in preparation for a definitive RCT of AY as an intervention to enhance the mental and physical health of larger-bodied women with Major Depressive Disorder(MDD). Adult women with MDD and a Body Mass Index ≥30 were eligible. Nineteen women were randomized by random number table into AY (n = 9) or WW (n = 10). Intake, pretreatment, posttreatment, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up assessments occurred …

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Hnio: A Hybrid Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithm For Energy Minimization In Uav-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing, Yang Chen, Dechang Pi, Shengxiang Yang, Yue Xu Sep 2022

Hnio: A Hybrid Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithm For Energy Minimization In Uav-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing, Yang Chen, Dechang Pi, Shengxiang Yang, Yue Xu

Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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The Cryptococcus Neoformans Flc1 Homologue Controls Calcium Homeostasis And Confers Fungal Pathogenicity In The Infected Hosts, Piotr R. Stempinski, Kristie D. Goughenour, Lukas M. Du Plooy, J. Andrew Alspaugh, Michal A. Olszewski, Lukasz Kozubowski Sep 2022

The Cryptococcus Neoformans Flc1 Homologue Controls Calcium Homeostasis And Confers Fungal Pathogenicity In The Infected Hosts, Piotr R. Stempinski, Kristie D. Goughenour, Lukas M. Du Plooy, J. Andrew Alspaugh, Michal A. Olszewski, Lukasz Kozubowski

Open Access Publishing Fund

Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic yeast pathogen, relies on a complex network of stress response pathways that allow for proliferation in the host. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stress responses are regulated by integral membrane proteins containing a transient receptor potential (TRP) domain, including the flavin carrier protein 1 (Flc1), which regulates calcium homeostasis and flavin transport. Here, we report that deletion of C. neoformans FLC1 results in cytosolic calcium elevation and increased nuclear content of calcineurin-dependent transcription factor Crz1, which is associated with an aberrant cell wall chitin overaccumulation observed in the flc1Δ mutant. Absence of Flc1 or inhibition …

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Light Chain 2 Is A Tctex-Type Related Axonemal Dynein Light Chain That Regulates Directional Ciliary Motility In Trypanosoma Brucei, Subash Godar, James Oristian, Valerie Hinsch, Katherine Wentworth, Ethan Lopez, Parastoo Amlashi, Gerald Enverso, Samantha Markley, Joshua Daniel Alper Sep 2022

Light Chain 2 Is A Tctex-Type Related Axonemal Dynein Light Chain That Regulates Directional Ciliary Motility In Trypanosoma Brucei, Subash Godar, James Oristian, Valerie Hinsch, Katherine Wentworth, Ethan Lopez, Parastoo Amlashi, Gerald Enverso, Samantha Markley, Joshua Daniel Alper

Open Access Publishing Fund

Flagellar motility is essential for the cell morphology, viability, and virulence of pathogenic kinetoplastids. Trypanosoma brucei flagella beat with a bending wave that propagates from the flagellum’s tip to its base, rather than base-to-tip as in other eukaryotes. Thousands of dynein motor proteins coordinate their activity to drive ciliary bending wave propagation. Dynein-associated light and intermediate chains regulate the biophysical mechanisms of axonemal dynein. Tctex-type outer arm dynein light chain 2 (LC2) regulates flagellar bending wave propagation direction, amplitude, and frequency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, the role of Tctex-type light chains in regulating T. brucei motility is unknown. Here, we …

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The Cryptococcus Neoformans, Piotr R. Stempinski, Kristie Goughenour, Lukas Du Plooy, Andrew Alspaugh Sep 2022

The Cryptococcus Neoformans, Piotr R. Stempinski, Kristie Goughenour, Lukas Du Plooy, Andrew Alspaugh

Open Access Publishing Fund

Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic yeast pathogen, relies on a complex network of stress response pathways that allow for proliferation in the host. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stress responses are regulated by integral membrane proteins containing a transient receptor potential (TRP) domain, including the flavin carrier protein 1 (Flc1), which regulates calcium homeostasis and flavin transport. Here, we report that deletion of C. neoformans FLC1 results in cytosolic calcium elevation and increased nuclear content of calcineurin-dependent transcription factor Crz1, which is associated with an aberrant cell wall chitin overaccumulation observed in the flc1Δ mutant. Absence of Flc1 or inhibition of calcineurin with …

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The Resilient Apostle: Paul’S Sufferings In 2 Corinthians Through The Lens Of Resilience, Marko Pavlič Sep 2022

The Resilient Apostle: Paul’S Sufferings In 2 Corinthians Through The Lens Of Resilience, Marko Pavlič

Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations

2 Corinthians is considered one of the most personal among Paul’s undisputed letters. In a reconciling tone, Paul shares with the Corinthian churches his apostolic endeavors for the sake of the Gospel, offering hints of his sufferings and resilience. This research aims to read Paul’s sufferings in 2 Corinthians through the lens of trauma studies, particularly the concept of resilience. The paper uses an interdisciplinary approach by applying trauma theory as a hermeneutic to identify the ground and source of Paul’s ability to be resilient. The internal and external resources of Paul’s resilience are embedded in his relationship with Christ …

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Estimate The Parameters Of The Gamma / Gompertz Distribution Based On Different Sampling Schemes Of Ordered Sets, Nuran M. Hassan, El-Houssainy A. Rady, Nasr I. Rashwan Sep 2022

Estimate The Parameters Of The Gamma / Gompertz Distribution Based On Different Sampling Schemes Of Ordered Sets, Nuran M. Hassan, El-Houssainy A. Rady, Nasr I. Rashwan

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, based on different types of ordered set sampling methods, the maximum likelihood (ML) method is used to find an estimate of the unknown parameters of the Gamma / Gompertz distribution. The results of the computer simulation show the efficiency of neoteric ranked set sampling (NRSS), ranked set sampling (RSS), median ranked set sampling (MRSS), and percentile ranked set sampling (PRSS) based on simple random sampling (SRS).

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Forecasting Crude Oil Prices Using An Arima-Ann Hybrid Model, Hleil Alrweili, Haitham Fawzy Sep 2022

Forecasting Crude Oil Prices Using An Arima-Ann Hybrid Model, Hleil Alrweili, Haitham Fawzy

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

This paper aims to use a hybrid ARIMA-ANN model for time series forecasting by combining Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The hybrid ARIMA-ANN model is flexible enough to capture two kinds of time series: the linear model that can only model the linear relationship and nonlinear that can only model the nonlinear relationship. The time series data for the Crude Oil (petroleum) Monthly Price - Saudi Riyal per Barrel was used during the period from Jul-2001 to May-2021, which represents 239 observations. The first 215 observations are used as train series and …

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A New Generalization Of Pranav Distribution With Application To Model Real Life Data, Maryam Mohiuddin, R. Kannan, Atheer Ahmed Alrashed, M. Fasil Sep 2022

A New Generalization Of Pranav Distribution With Application To Model Real Life Data, Maryam Mohiuddin, R. Kannan, Atheer Ahmed Alrashed, M. Fasil

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this study, a two-parameter Pranav distribution was considered for generalization and the proposed model is known as Alpha Power two-parameter Pranav distribution. The new distribution is obtained by using the technique Alpha power transformation which was developed by Mahdavi and Kundu. Some statistical properties along with reliability measures of the model are derived and discussed. Model parameters are estimated with the help of maximum likelihood estimation approach. The proposed model is subjected to real-life data and compared to two-parameter Pranav distribution, two-parameter Lindley distribution, Power Lindley distribution, Pranav distribution, Akash distribution, Ishita distribution, Sujatha distribution, Shanker distribution, Lindley distribution …

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Extended Gompertz Distribution: Properties And Estimation Under Complete And Censored Data, M. S. Eliwa, M. Masoom Ali, A. El-Gohary, R. El-Desokey, Mohamed Ibrahim, M. El-Morshedy Sep 2022

Extended Gompertz Distribution: Properties And Estimation Under Complete And Censored Data, M. S. Eliwa, M. Masoom Ali, A. El-Gohary, R. El-Desokey, Mohamed Ibrahim, M. El-Morshedy

Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability

In this paper, a new flexible model with three-parameter alternative to exponential and Gompertz distributions is proposed. Some of its statistical properties are derived including quantities, moments, incomplete moments, moment of residual and reversed residual life. The parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood method based on complete and Type II right censored data. We assess the performance of estimators in terms of bias and mean square error using simulation study. Finally, three real data sets are analyzed to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed model.

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Monarch Science Observer, Volume 15, College Of Sciences, Old Dominion University Sep 2022

Monarch Science Observer, Volume 15, College Of Sciences, Old Dominion University

College of Sciences Newsletter

Fall 2022, issue of Monarch Science Observer, ODU Colleges of Sciences Newsletter.

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The Misrepresentation Of Women In Video Games, Abigail Warr Sep 2022

The Misrepresentation Of Women In Video Games, Abigail Warr

AWE (A Woman’s Experience)

According to the most recent statistics, 45% of the people who regularly play video games in the United States are now female (Entertainment Software Association, 2021). The video game industry is no longer dominated by male consumers, and yet many times the female roles in video games still do not demonstrate the well-rounded, complex characters that female consumers may want. Instead, women in video games generally seem to display “emphasized femininity” by fulfilling female stereotypes in an unrealistic way (Dill & Thill, 2007). This emphasized femininity can be displayed by being oversexualized (Melzer, 2019; Summers & Miller, 2014), or by …

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Spartan Daily, September 1, 2022, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications Sep 2022

Spartan Daily, September 1, 2022, San Jose State University, School Of Journalism And Mass Communications

Spartan Daily, 2022

Volume 159, Issue 6

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Post-Fire Erosion Following The Czu Lightning Complex Fire: Quantifying Hillslope Erosion And Providing Guidance Towards Improving Post-Fire Response, Matthew C. Crockett, Matthew Crockett Sep 2022

Post-Fire Erosion Following The Czu Lightning Complex Fire: Quantifying Hillslope Erosion And Providing Guidance Towards Improving Post-Fire Response, Matthew C. Crockett, Matthew Crockett

Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and Management Projects

The size and severity of wildfires have increased in California during recent decades. This trend is highlighted through the CZU Lightning Complex fire of August 2020 which burned over 86,000 acres in the Santa Cruz mountains of California. The fire greatly impacted the Little Creek watershed, a roughly 1,300 acre watershed that exists largely within Cal Poly San Luis Obispo’s Swanton Pacific Ranch (SPR). The current trends of California’s increased wildfire regime are expected to continue, raising concerns regarding the direct and secondary effects on forest watersheds and the effectiveness of current post-fire erosion control management. Accelerated rates of erosion …

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Vermicompost Versus Traditional Compost Amendments Leads To Different Soil Health Outcomes In A Mediterranean Vineyard, Elizabeth L. Luck Sep 2022

Vermicompost Versus Traditional Compost Amendments Leads To Different Soil Health Outcomes In A Mediterranean Vineyard, Elizabeth L. Luck

Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and Management Projects

Compost application has become a common practice in vineyard management to increase soil and crop health, however, the environmental externalities such as greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from cropping systems that utilize organic fertilizers, such as compost, is uncertain. Vermicompost, which is compost created through the digestion of organic matter by earthworms, and its related ‘extract’ are commonly thought to provide more benefits for soil and crop health compared to standard compost. However, organic fertilizers such as vermicompost, vermicompost extract, and compost have not been compared in their effects on soil health in Mediterranean vineyards. In this two-year study, I assessed …

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First You Buy The Moisturizer, Then You Pay The Price: An Overview Of The United States' Lack Of Cosmetic Market Regulations And How It Harms The Consumers, Megan Scime Sep 2022

First You Buy The Moisturizer, Then You Pay The Price: An Overview Of The United States' Lack Of Cosmetic Market Regulations And How It Harms The Consumers, Megan Scime

Hofstra Law Review

The article discusses the lack of regulation in the cosmetic industry in the U.S. and how it affects consumer's health. It is reported that the absence of strict regulations has resulted in cosmetics that contain harmful ingredients, which pose risks to the health of consumers. It also examines the gendered marketing of cosmetics, which has contributed to the industry's lack of regulation.

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Why Smaller-Size Objects Affect The Flow Much More Than Larger Ones: A Geometric Explanation With Applications Ranging From Volcanoes And Tornadoes To Blood, Fish, And Building Preservation, Laxman Bokati, Vladik Kreinovich Sep 2022

Why Smaller-Size Objects Affect The Flow Much More Than Larger Ones: A Geometric Explanation With Applications Ranging From Volcanoes And Tornadoes To Blood, Fish, And Building Preservation, Laxman Bokati, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

At first glance, the larger the object, the larger should be its effect on the surroundings -- in particular, the larger should be its effect on the surrounding flow. However, in many practical situations, we observe the opposite effect: smaller-size particles affect the flow much more than larger-size particles. This seemingly counterintuitive phenomena has been observed in many situations: lava flow in the volcanoes, air circulation in tornadoes, blood flow in a body, the effect of fish on water circulation in the ocean, and the effect of added particles on seeping water that damages historic buildings. In this paper, we …

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A General Commonsense Explanation Of Several Medical Results, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Sep 2022

A General Commonsense Explanation Of Several Medical Results, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In this paper, we show that many recent experimental medical results about the effect of different factors on our health can be explained by common sense ideas.

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Inadequate Healthcare Services Among Individuals With Autism In The United States, Gabby Sutton-Clark Sep 2022

Inadequate Healthcare Services Among Individuals With Autism In The United States, Gabby Sutton-Clark

Ballard Brief

Healthcare innovation has been a pressing topic in public discourse across the United States for centuries. Advances have taken place in several healthcare fields, such as maternal and fetal medicine, cardiology, and surgical specialties; however, healthcare for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (AS □) has not received the same attention and care. A general lack of access to healthcare services, communication barriers, lack of ASD-specific provider training, and the physical healthcare environment all contribute to the inadequate healthcare experiences and services individuals with AS □ receive. As a result, individuals with AS □ not only seek healthcare less frequently for …

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