Digital Commons Network^™

Wildfire Aerosol Deposition Likely Amplified A Summertime Arctic Phytoplankton Bloom, Mathieu Ardyna, Douglas S. Hamilton, Tristan Harmel, Léo Lacour, Diana N. Bernstein, Julien Laliberté, Christopher Horvat, Rémi Laxenaire, Matthew M. Mills, Gert Van Dijken, Igor Polyakov, Hervé Claustre, Natalie Mahowald, Kevin Robert Arrigo

Faculty Publications

Summertime wildfire activity is increasing in boreal forest and tundra ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the impact of long range transport and deposition of wildfire aerosols on biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean is unknown. Here, we use satellite-based ocean color data, atmospheric modeling and back trajectory analysis to investigate the transport and fate of aerosols emitted from Siberian wildfires in summer 2014 and their potential impact on phytoplankton dynamics in the Arctic Ocean. We detect large phytoplankton blooms near the North Pole (up to 82°N in the eastern Eurasian Basin). Our analysis indicates that these blooms were induced …

September 19, 2022

The Gavel Gazette

No abstract provided.

In The Flow, Mary Pat Nally

Materials from the University of Dayton Magazine Website

Artwork from University of Dayton alumna Mary Pat Nally ’94

Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry Using Printed Circuit Board Arrays For The Analysis Of Microparticles In The Martian Atmosphere, Elaura Luanne Gustafson

Theses and Dissertations

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a single particle technique capable of simultaneously measuring charge and mass-to-charge ratios for individual ions or particles. The linear array CDMS design theoretically has no upper mass limit and is therefore a choice method for the analysis of high mass and heterogeneous samples, such as dust microparticles in the Martian atmosphere. This dissertation describes the development of a novel charge detection mass spectrometer made of printed circuit boards (PCB) for the analysis of dust microparticles in the Martian atmosphere. Development of this device has required investigations in analysis methods and the engineering design of …

Generation And Validation Of An Anti-Human Pank3 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, Sunada Khadka, Long Vien, Paul Leonard, Laura Bover, Florian Muller

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential co-factor at the intersection of diverse metabolic pathways. Cellular CoA biosynthesis is regulated at the first committed step-phosphorylation of pantothenic acid-catalyzed by pantothenate kinases (PANK1,2,3 in humans, PANK3 being the most highly expressed). Despite the critical importance of CoA in metabolism, the differential roles of PANK isoforms remain poorly understood. Our investigations of PANK proteins as potential precision oncology collateral lethality targets (PANK1 is co-deleted as part of the PTEN locus in some highly aggressive cancers) were severely hindered by a dearth of commercial antibodies that can reliably detect endogenous PANK3 protein. While …

Oral Nanomedicines For Sirna Delivery To Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Jongyoon Shinn, Juyeon Lee, Seon Ah Lee, Seon Ju Lee, Ah Hyun Choi, Jung Seo Kim, Su Jin Kim, Hyo Jin Kim, Cherin Lee, Yejin Kim, Joohyeon Kim, Jonghee Choi, Byungchae Jung, Taeho Kim, Hyeontaek Nam, Hyungjun Kim, Yonghyun Lee

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

RNA interference (RNAi) therapies have significant potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although administering small interfering RNA (siRNA) via an oral route is desirable, various hurdles including physicochemical, mucus, and cellular uptake barriers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) impede both the delivery of siRNA to the target site and the action of siRNA drugs at the target site. In this review, we first discuss various physicochemical and biological barriers in the GI tract. Furthermore, we present recent strategies and the progress of oral siRNA delivery strategies to treat IBD. Finally, we consider the challenges faced in the …

Quantitative Bone Imaging Biomarkers And Joint Space Analysis Of The Articular Fossa In Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis Using Artificial Intelligence Models, Tamara Mackie, Najla Al Turkestani, Jonas Bianchi, Tengfei Li, Antonio Ruellas, Marcela Gurgel, Erika Benavides, Fabiana Soki, Lucia Cevidanes

Pacific Faculty Work

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a disease with a multifactorial etiology, involving many pathophysiological processes, and requiring comprehensive assessments to characterize progressive cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and chronic pain. This study aimed to integrate quantitative biomarkers of bone texture and morphometry of the articular fossa and joint space to advance the role of imaging phenotypes for diagnosis of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) in early to moderate stages by improving the performance of machine-learning algorithms to detect TMJ OA status. Ninety-two patients were prospectively enrolled (184 h-CBCT scans of the right and left mandibular condyles), divided into two …

Real-Time Irrigation Scheduling Of Maize Using Degrees Above Non-Stressed (Dans) Index In Semi-Arid Environment, Hope Njuki Nakabuye, Daran Rudnick, Kendall C. Dejonge, Tsz Him Lo, Derek M. Heeren, Xin Qiao, Trenton E. Franz, Abia Katimbo, Jiaming Duan

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Irrigation scheduling methods have been used to determine the timing and amount of water applied to crops. Scheduling techniques can include measurement of soil water content, quantification of crop water use, and monitoring of crop physiological response to water stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a simplified crop canopy temperature measurement (CTM) method as Irrigation Principles. Soil and Water Conservation Engineera technique to schedule irrigation for maize. Specifically, the Degrees Above Non-Stressed (DANS) index, which suggests water stress when canopy temperature exceeds the non-stressed canopy temperature (T_cns), was determined by estimating T …

Multiple Generations Of Antibiotic Exposure And Isolation Influence Host Fitness And The Microbiome In A Model Zooplankton Species, Reilly O. Cooper, Sarah Tjards, Jessica Rischling, David T. Nguyen, Clayton E. Cressler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background

Chronic antibiotic exposure impacts host health through changes to the microbiome, increasing disease risk and reducing the functional repertoire of community members. The detrimental effects of antibiotic perturbation on microbiome structure and function after one host generation of exposure have been well-studied. However, much less is understood about the multigenerational effects of antibiotic exposure and how the microbiome may recover across host generations.

Results

In this study, we examined microbiome composition and host fitness across five generations of exposure to a suite of three antibiotics in the model zooplankton host Daphnia magna. By utilizing a split-brood design where …

Physics Fellow, Rebecca Irelan

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.

Reactivity Of Aminophenols In Forming Nitrogen-Containing Brown Carbon From Iron-Catalyzed Reactions, Hind A. Al-Abadleh, Fatemeh Motaghedi, Wisam Mohammed, Md Sohel Rana, Kotiba A. Malek, Dewansh Rastogi, Akua A. Asa-Awuku, Marcelo I. Guzman

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Nitrogen-containing organic carbon (NOC) in atmospheric particles is an important class of brown carbon (BrC). Redox active NOC like aminophenols received little attention in their ability to form BrC. Here we show that iron can catalyze dark oxidative oligomerization of o- and p-aminophenols under simulated aerosol and cloud conditions (pH 1–7, and ionic strength 0.01–1 M). Homogeneous aqueous phase reactions were conducted using soluble Fe(III), where particle growth/agglomeration were monitored using dynamic light scattering. Mass yield experiments of insoluble soot-like dark brown to black particles were as high as 40%. Hygroscopicity growth factors (κ) of these …

Seqcode: A Nomenclatural Code For Prokaryotes Described From Sequence Data, Brian P. Hedlund, Maria Chuvochina, Philip Hugenholtz, Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis, Alison E. Murray, Marike Palmer, Donovan H. Parks, Alexander J. Probst, Anna-Louise Reysenbach, Luis M. Rodriguez-R, Ramon Rossello-Mora, Iain C. Sutcliffe, Stephanus N. Venter, William B. Whitman

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Most prokaryotes are not available as pure cultures and therefore ineligible for naming under the rules and recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP). Here we summarize the development of the SeqCode, a code of nomenclature under which genome sequences serve as nomenclatural types. This code enables valid publication of names of prokaryotes based upon isolate genome, metagenome-assembled genome or single-amplified genome sequences. Otherwise, it is similar to the ICNP with regard to the formation of names and rules of priority. It operates through the SeqCode Registry (https://seqco.de/), a registration portal through which names and …

Functional Determination Of Calcium-Binding Sites Required For The Activation Of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors, Vikas Arige, Lara E. Terry, Larry E. Wagner, Sundeep Malik, Mariah R. Baker, Guizhen Fan, Suresh K. Joseph, Irina I Serysheva, David I. Yule

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) initiate a diverse array of physiological responses by carefully orchestrating intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signals in response to various external cues. Notably, IP3R channel activity is determined by several obligatory factors, including IP3, Ca2+, and ATP. The critical basic amino acid residues in the N-terminal IP3-binding core (IBC) region that facilitate IP3 binding are well characterized. In contrast, the residues conferring regulation by Ca2+ have yet to be ascertained. Using comparative structural analysis of Ca2+-binding sites identified in two main families of intracellular Ca2+-release channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and IP3Rs, we identified putative acidic residues coordinating Ca2+ …

Multi-Decadal Analysis Of Remotely Sensed Vegetation Change In Berea College Forest - Seasonality Of Forest Patterns Using Remote Sensing, Jacob Foushee

The Cardinal Edge

Satellite imagery is a practical and valuable tool for monitoring vegetation condition in forests. The longevity of the USGS/NASA Landsat program along with its medium spatial resolution (30m) gives researchers the ability to make informed statements on land cover generally, and specifically on aspects such as forest conditions. The Landsat program’s nearly 50-year archive of imagery show how Earth’s surface has changed through modern development and how these developments have influenced forests. Google Earth Engine (GEE) is a cloud-based repository of satellite imagery dating as far back as the 1970s. This study utilizes Landsat 5-8 imagery from GEE to calculate …

An Evaluation Of Covid-19 Vaccination Rates Of The Patients At The Kentucky Racing Health Services Center, Aditya Mehta, Dedra Hayden

The Cardinal Edge

COVID-19 vaccines have been widely available to the U.S. public since early 2021. However, vaccination rates still vary considerably across geographical areas and different populations. The objective of this study was to research overall vaccination rates against COVID-19 for Latinx patients at the Kentucky Racing Health Services Center (KRHSC). Vaccination and booster data was collected from June to December 2021 for all unique patients visiting the center. It was initially hypothesized that these rates of vaccination and booster doses for the KRHSC patients would be lower than the data reported by Kentucky and Jefferson County. After a retrospective review, the …

The Yellow Figment Of East Asian American Women: A Case Study Of The 2021 Atlanta Spa Shootings, Lily Z. Stewart

The Cardinal Edge

This paper explores how mainstream media frames the racial gendering of Asian women through a case study of the 2021 Atlanta Spa Shootings. Fifteen articles sourced from the top ten national newspaper entities published between March 16^th, 2021 and October 2021 analyze how Asian American women are subjected to at least a double feminized social location on account of their race and gender within a U.S. contemporary context. I explore how themes of race, gender, and hyper-sexualization intersect to produce the archetype of Asian women as exotic, docile temptresses. This analysis centers around the dynamic between Asian women …

A Roller Coaster For The Mind: Virtual Reality Sickness Modes, Metrics, And Mitigation, Dalton C. Sparks

The Cardinal Edge

Understanding and preventing virtual reality sickness(VRS), or cybersickness, is vital in removing barriers for the technology's adoption. Thus, this article aims to synthesize a variety of academic sources to demonstrate the modes by which VRS occurs, the metrics by which it is judged, and the methods to mitigate it. The predominant theories on the biological origins of VRS are discussed, as well as the individual factors which increase the likelihood of a user developing VRS. Moreover, subjective and physiological measurements of VRS are discussed in addition to the development of a predictive model and conceptual framework. Finally, several methodologies of …

A Study Of Multiple Sclerosis, Christine Chen

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

Targeting Of The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway In Cancer Treatment, Andrew J. Hawes

The Cardinal Edge

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is a developmental pathway that is highly conserved evolutionarily. While typically only displaying high activity during embryogenesis, overactivation of the Hh pathway in adults has been linked to multiple forms of cancer including acute myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis, basal-cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adrenal carcinoma, and triple negative breast cancer. The prevalence of Hh activation in many different cancers has made it a prime target for inhibition of these cancers through novel therapies. This literature review sought to assess the current state of cancer treatment through inhibition of Hh signaling. Most current clinical trials involving the pathway …

Characterization Of The Function Of Pprgtb2 From Mutant Phenotypes, Briana L. Seibert, Hyun Jin Jung, Mark P Running

The Cardinal Edge

Protein prenylation, a common lipid post-translational modification, is required for growth and development in eukaryotes. One type, , but its biological function is not well known. The moss Physcomitrella patens (P. patens) was used as a model organism due to its simple structure, limited cell types, sequenced genome, and its high gene targeting efficiency. P. patens has one copy of Rab-GGT α subunit (PpRGTA1) and two copies of β subunit (PpRGTB1 and PpRGTB2). It has been found that the knockout of either PpRGTB1 or PpRGTB2 results in no visible phenotype, which indicates that these …

Research Opportunities For Undergraduate Students, Aamira Shah, Jaley F Adkins

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

An Interdisciplinary Discussion On Climate Change, Aamira Shah, Jaley F. Adkins, Kelsey Littrell, Priyadarshini Chandrashekhar

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

Subspecific Designation For The Central Appalachian Mountains Population Of Argynnis (Speyeria) Atlantis (W. H. Edwards), Harry Pavulaan

The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey

The population of Argynnis atlantis of the central Appalachian Mountains, primarily on the Allegheny Plateau of West Virginia, has long been recognized by entomologists in the eastern United States as distinct from nominotypical populations of A. atlantis in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Larger size is often cited, but actual comparison of wing markings has not been done to date. This study applies RGB color analysis on a series of adults from both regions and looks at potential differences in wing markings which may distinguish them.

Application Of Enzyme And Enzyme Technology In Deep Processing Of Tea, Fei Fan, Liu Chang-Wei, Niu Li, Liu Zhong-Hua

Food and Machinery

Enzymes can efficiently and specifically accelerate biochemical reactions in biological processes. In the field of tea deep processing, the application of exogenous enzymes can be greener and more efficient in the extraction, separation, preparation, or biosynthesis of tea functional components to realize the high value utilization of tea resources. In the present review, the application of enzymes and enzyme engineering technology in tea deep processing were discussed from the following four aspects, i.e., enzyme-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted synthesis, bioenzyme-modified tea extracts and immobilized enzyme technology. Moreover, the problems and outlooks the research directions of enzymes and the technology in the field …

The Social Value Of Intellectual Property, Alina Ng

Journal Articles

The focus of this paper is not on how intellectual property owners can misuse intellectual property rights in harmful ways in society. Much has already been written about that topic. Instead, this paper is about how to encourage intellectual property owners, especially corporate owners, to make decisions and implement strategies about their intellectual property rights that are socially valuable and positively impactful. This paper argues that if corporate and business owners of intellectual property understand the role that their intellectual property rights can have in creating a positive social impact, the influence that they can have in the market as …

The Guardian The Week Of September 18, 2022, Wright State Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

News articles from The Guardian for the week of September 18, 2022. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.

Sers Spectroscopy With Machine Learning To Analyze Human Plasma Derived Sevs For Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis And Prognosis, Xi Huang, Bo Liu, Shenghan Guo, Weihong Guo, Ke Liao, Guoku Hu, Wen Shi, Mitchell Kuss, Michael J. Duryee, Daniel R. Anderson, Yongfeng Lu, Bin Duan

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases and represents the leading causes of global mortality. Developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CAD treatment are critically needed, especially for an early accurate CAD detection and further timely intervention. In this study, we successfully isolated human plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from four stages of CAD patients, that is, healthy control, stable plaque, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement in conjunction with five machine learning approaches, including Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural network, were then …

Sers Spectroscopy With Machine Learning To Analyze Human Plasma Derived Sevs For Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis And Prognosis, Xi Huang, Bo Liu, Shenghan Guo, Weihong Guo, Ke Liao, Guoku Hu, Wen Shi, Mitchell Kuss, Michael J. Duryee, Daniel R. Anderson, Yongfeng Lu, Bin Duan

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases and represents the leading causes of global mortality. Developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CAD treatment are critically needed, especially for an early accurate CAD detection and further timely intervention. In this study, we successfully isolated human plasma small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from four stages of CAD patients, that is, healthy control, stable plaque, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement in conjunction with five machine learning approaches, including Quadratic Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor, Artificial Neural network, were then …

Access To Health Care By Foreign Children With Special Needs In An International Border Municipality, Gabriela Dominicci De Melo Casacio, Adriana Zilly, Rosane Meire Munhak Da Silva

The Qualitative Report

This qualitative study aimed to analyze access to health by foreign children with special needs in an international border municipality. Grounded on hermeneutics-dialectics, this research was conducted through in-depth interviews with 26 professionals who treat foreign children with special health care needs and thematic analysis for data analysis was adopted. One central theme emerged: Vulnerability of foreign children and the health access in a border area Brazil-Argentina-Paraguay, organized by six sub-themes. High demand of children, overload in the health services, problems with documentation and language, insufficient articulation between the countries, and lack of funding represent restrictions for the access, especially …

Pathogenesis Of Tobacco-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Is Closely Coupled With Changes In The Gut And Lung Microbiomes, Casey T Finnicum, Zahraa Rahal, Maya Hassane, Warapen Treekitkarnmongkol, Ansam Sinjab, Rhiannon Morris, Yuejiang Liu, Elizabeth L Tang, Sarah Viet, Jason L Petersen, Philip L Lorenzi, Lin Tan, Joseph Petrosino, Kristi L Hoffman, Junya Fujimoto, Seyed Javad Moghaddam, Humam Kadara

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Microbial dysbiosis has emerged as a modulator of oncogenesis and response to therapy, particularly in lung cancer. Here, we investigate the evolution of the gut and lung microbiomes following exposure to a tobacco carcinogen. We performed 16S rRNA-Seq of fecal and lung samples collected prior to and at several timepoints following (nicotine-specific nitrosamine ketone/NNK) exposure in Gprc5a^−/− mice that were previously shown to exhibit accelerated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development following NNK exposure. We found significant progressive changes in human-relevant gut and lung microbiome members (e.g., Odoribacter, Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Ruminococus) that are closely associated with …