Digital Commons Network^™

Deep Learning Model Based On Resnet-50 For Beef Quality Classification, S. E. Abdallah, Wael M. Elmessery, M. Y. Shams, N. S. A. Al-Sattary

Information Sciences Letters

Food quality measurement is one of the most essential topics in agriculture and industrial fields. To classify healthy food using computer visual inspection, a new architecture was proposed to classify beef images to specify the rancid and healthy ones. In traditional measurements, the specialists are not able to classify such images, due to the huge number of beef images required to build a deep learning model. In the present study, different images of beef including healthy and rancid cases were collected according to the analysis done by the Laboratory of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University in January of …

Openness To Experience, Divergent Thinking, And Gender Differences: Domain And Facet Traits, B. N. Al-Samarrai, N. R. Alsalhi

Information Sciences Letters

Recent creativity studies have provided strong evidence supporting the role of the personality trait of Openness to Experience (Openness) in predicting creative behaviors. These studies have been largely conducted within the framework of the broad Big Five personality traits. In contrast, the validity of narrow traits of which compositing the broad traits has not been adequately addressed. We expected that considering narrow traits might help us deeper understand the role of Openness in creativity. We examined the extent to which narrow personality traits contribute to the prediction of divergent thinking beyond the Big Five factors. To this end, 144 Arab …

An Analytical Study Of Arabic Language Textbook Of Sixth Grade Level, S. S. Al Qatawneh

Information Sciences Letters

This study aimed to identify how sixth-grade intermediate students’ in the United Arab Emirates are involved with the Arabic language textbook. The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical method to achieve this aim, using Romy’s formula to determine students’ levels of involvement with the textbook. This determination was made based on the presentation of their material and activities after verifying the validity and reliability. A total of 381 pages from sections of the textbook were analyzed during the 2019/2020 academic year. The study focused on 30% (114) of the total number of pages. The total number of activities on the analyzed pages …

The Effectiveness Of Science Teachers’ Use Of Scientific Inquiry In Distance Learning During The Spread Of The Covid-19 Pandemic In Jordanian Public Schools, A. Alqawasmi, K. Alarabi, N. Alsalhi, F. Althunibat

Information Sciences Letters

The advent of the coronavirus pandemic has disrupted several sectors including education, in general, and Science education. Consequently, we have had to look for creative alternatives and solutions compatible with our educational ambitions and objectives guaranteeing the continuity and efficacy of science education. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of science teachers’ utilization of scientific inquiry in distance learning under the novel coronavirus pandemic in Jordan-based public schools. Adopting the quantitative approach, the researchers of this study used a questionnaire comprehending (30) consistent items, pre-checked for validity and reliability, subdivided into four themes: Significance of Scientific Inquiry, Extent of …

Video Encryption Technique Based On Hybrid Chaotic Maps And Multi- Operation Keys, Mohamed. Heshmat

Information Sciences Letters

During these critical times of the pandemic, a reliable and fast encryption technique for encrypting medical data for patients is a critical topic to consider. This epidemic forced governments and health care organizations to observe patients of COVID-19. The idea of encryption video is gaining in popularity, because of the growing use of communication technology like video conferencing to conclude corporate meetings and presentations. Video data sent back and forth between sender and recipient must also use the unsecured communication medium available, the internet. This paper proposed a way to encrypt video by using hybrid schemes, which used the advantage …

Framing The Entrepreneurship In Television Youth Programs An Analytical Study, H. A. Albadri

Information Sciences Letters

The article aimed to identify the contributions of Jordanian TV youth programs in promoting entrepreneurship issues to the youth through content analysis of the youth programs content on the Jordanian TV channels (2021). The study sample was content of; (Jalssah 3alaniyyeh on Almamlaka Tv) and (Rass Btaqiyyeh on Roya TV) during the study year; 2021). The article concluded that the most important results are TV programs focus on the commercial and industrial fields in enhancing the culture of entrepreneurship at youth and other ages. Most of media content topics have been done by producing models and experiences to motivate the …

Podolskys Generalized Fractional Order Model, Y. M. Alawaideh, B. M. Alkhamiseh, M. Slewa, W. Al-Awaida

Information Sciences Letters

We study the electromagnetic field in this work because we are particularly interested in the gauge sector of Podolskys generalized electrodynamics, where higher-order derivatives form. To represent Podolskys generalized electrodynamics, canonical quantizations and a lower-order derivatives model are applied. We demonstrate that Podolskys model is equivalent to one with reduced-order derivatives. The differential equations for both models should then be compared. After obtaining the Hamiltonian formulation, we applied this new formula to the Podolsky Generalized equation. This method is used to construct a combined Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator as well as a fractional variational theory. The fraction variational notion is …

A Simple Algorithm For Generating A New Two Sample Type-Ii Progressive Censoring With Applications, Rashad M. El-Sagheer

Information Sciences Letters

In this article, we introduce a simple algorithm to generating a new type-II progressive censoring scheme for two samples. It is observed that the proposed algorithm can be applied for any continues probability distribution. Moreover, the description model and necessary assumptions are discussed. In addition, the steps of simple generation algorithm along with programming steps are also constructed on real example. The inference of two Weibull Frechet populations are discussed under the proposed algorithm. Both classical and Bayesian inferential approaches of the distribution parameters are discussed. Furthermore, approximate confidence intervals are constructed based on the asymptotic distribution of the maximum …

Employing Ai Applications To Authenticate People Through Neural Networks, S. Aldawsari

Information Sciences Letters

Artificial intelligence is used to develop techniques for verifying people by sensory factors. This article aims to design a robot to verify the entry of the authorized persons to the firms. This paper uses neural networks with artificial intelligence applications to authenticate people, while the program is based on testing four factors: the face, eye, voice, and handprint. The AI application depends on a mathematical algorithm to test the authority of staff; meanwhile, neural networks analyse and examine the visual systems that connect imaging devices (camera) with a computer. Moreover, this is done through the huge amount of data in …

Sociocultural And Social Cognitive Theories: Historical And Current Practices For Students With Emotional And Behavioural Disorder (Ebd), J. A. Alnoaim

Information Sciences Letters

The achievements in the study of human social and cognitive learning development are not ascribed to a single individual or theorist. This paper will examine how the theories promoted by Vygotsky and Bandura promote the foundation for the use of high leverage practices with students who display challenging behaviors in the classroom. Specifically, examining the major theoretical concepts of their work has allowed educators and others to develop classroom and behavioral management strategies that are effective for students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD). The two theoretical concepts of sociocultural development theory and social cognitive theory have both been shown …

Detecting Covid-19 In X-Ray Images Using Transfer Learning, Jamal Alsakran, Loai Alnemer, Nouh Alhindawi, Omayya Muard

Information Sciences Letters

Accurate and speedy detection of COVID-19 is essential to curb the spread of the disease and avoid overwhelming the health care system. COVID-19 detection using X-ray images is commonly practiced at medical centers; however, it requires the intervention of medical professionals trained in diagnosing and interpreting medical imagining. In this paper, we employ deep transfer learning models to detect COVID-19 on a dataset of over 20,000 X-ray images. Our results on 5 pretrained models (VGG19, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, DenseNet121, and ResNet101V2) show high performance of 99% without image augmentation, and 93\% when image augmentation is used.

Smart Administration Of Crises And Their Economic Effects: A Case Study Of The Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) At The Saudi Universities, Amnah Alasgah, Maha Aldobaihy, Muna Alyousef, Shaimaa Ballout

Information Sciences Letters

The present research aims to identify the role of smart administration in addressing crises and their economic effects, the role of Saudi universities in facing Coronavirus, and the role of academic leaders in activating smart administration that helps face crises at the Saudi universities throughout the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus. The author adopted the descriptive approach and a questionnaire, consisting of (147) items, was applied to a sample of the Saudi university leaders at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Umm Al-Qura University, King Khalid University, University of Hail, and King Faisal University. The results showed that the degree …

The Evaluation Of Mathematics Textbooks From The Perspective Of Mathematics Teachers In Jordan, Ziad Nemrawi, Mofeed Abu Musa, Yousef Jaradat

Information Sciences Letters

This paper aims at investigating mathematics teachers’ satisfaction with new math textbook for grades seven and ten in Jordan. A sample of (127) Jordanian mathematics teachers who teach the new textbooks replied to a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of (5) domains and (37) items. The results show teachers are moderately satisfied with the new textbooks, and there is a statistically significant difference (a=0.05) in teachers’ satisfaction according to gender (Male, Female) in favor of males. Also, the results show there is a statistically significant difference (a=0.05) in teachers’ satisfaction regarding teachers’ experience in favor of more and moderately experienced teachers.

The Relationship Between Tax Knowledge And Compliance: An Empirical Study, Malek Alshirah, Firas Al-Dalabih, Ali Mustafa Magablih, Moh’D Alsqour

Information Sciences Letters

Tax payment compliance promotes fiscal deficit and public debt mitigation, which ensures continuous funding to the development of the economy and society. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the government’s relentless efforts to increase compliance to tax payment, non-compliance remains a significant issue, particularly in Jordanian companies and this has been having negative effects on the revenues of the Jordanian government. Previous research on tax knowledge and its impact on tax compliance in Jordanian firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange have been few and far between, thus the primary goal of this study is to investigate the effect of tax knowledge on tax …

The Mediating Role Of Innovation On The Relationship Between Information Technologies And Reducing Tax Evasion, Nawaf Thuneibat, Basel Ali, Mithkal Alqaraleh, Hussam Thneibat

Information Sciences Letters

Numerous nations depend heavily on taxation as their principal source of income, and tax evasion is a big issue for their tax agencies and governments. Studies on information technology and tax evasion in underdeveloped nations and other parts of the globe are few and far between. The purpose of this research was to investigate the link between information technology and the reduction of tax evasion. A mediator variable in the relationship between information technology and tax evasion was also explored in this research, which was called "Innovation." The research employed a survey approach, sending questionnaires to 200 auditors at Jordanian …

Analytical And Numerical Water Quality Model For A Sinusoidally Varying Pollutant Discharge Concentration, Ahmed Saleh, Fayez Ibrahim, Mohamed Hadhouda

Information Sciences Letters

Analytical solution has been obtained for one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation which includes terms of decay and increasing sources by using Laplace transformation. Also numerical solution has been obtained by using explicit finite difference scheme. In this study the boundary condition applied at x = 0 describes a sinusoidal variation in pollutant concentration. The analytical solution obtained produces results that are exact for any location at any time. Impact of different parameters controlling the pollutant dispersion along the river at any time has been studied separately with figures help. This publication proved mathematically the fact that the high concentration of pollutant can …

A Cross-Cultural Systematic Review Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Women, Dalia A. Bedewy, Eid G. Abo Hamza, Mohamed S. Hamid, Ahmed A. Moustafa

Information Sciences Letters

Vitamin D deficiency has been reported in several cultures and regions, including the Middle East, North Europe, and Australia. In this review, we summarize and discuss existing studies on factors underlying vitamin D deficiency across different regions. In particular, we explain key roles played by lifestyle, including sun exposure, season change, diet, and clothing (concealing vs. non-concealing) as factors leading to vitamin D deficiency. We further discuss gender differences in vitamin D levels and, the impact of vitamin D supplements on cognition. The introductory section of this paper focuses on introducing vitamin D deficiency and highlighting the prevalence of vitamin …

Marital Compatibility In The Uae Society Among A Sample Of Households In The Emirate Of Abu Dhabi (Uae), Abdalla El-Mneizel, Fakir Al Gharaibeh, Muneera Majed Al Ali

Information Sciences Letters

This study aimed to assess the levels of marital compatibility among 500 Emirati married couples in Abu Dhabi – United Arab Emirates and identify the various factors that impact marital compatibility. Participants responded to the Marital Compatibility Scale which focuses on five main areas: the personal, structural/family, psychological/emotional, cultural/educational/ethical/social, and financial compatibility. The data were collected by a specially selected team from Family Development Foundation – Abu Dhabi and Abu Dhabi Statistics Centre employees as it is the only entity officially authorized to collect such data and analyzed using SPSS. The findings of the study indicate that factors related to …

Applicability Of Emotion To Intelligent Systems, Dionéia Motta Monte-Serrat, Carlo Cattani

Information Sciences Letters

We propose to investigate the connection between emotions and cognition in intelligent systems through the dynamic concept of language, which links context to logic in both human and machine language. For this, our approach is inspired on aspects of the information theory of Abraham Moles. We analyze emotions under the semantic dimension, linked to a subjective context, which gives rise or not to decisions. We demonstrate that intelligent systems can, on the one hand, work with previously categorized emotions (say in a frozen context); or, on the other hand, process information under a dynamic aspect. This is possible when considering …

Sustainability Analysis Of The Company Financial Reports, Naseem Yousif Hanna Al-Lallo, Saad Salih Hussein

Information Sciences Letters

In this paper, we analyze financial reports to measure the degree of harmonization between the disclosure in financial statements and sustainability reports. Content analysis has been employed to measure the harmonization degree to reveal the extent of complying with the sustainability reports. The sample contains thirteen Iraqi companies listed in the Iraqi stock exchange. It is shown that a low level of harmonization between financial statements disclosure and the sustainability reports. Nevertheless, the study found real interest by the Iraqi companies to adopt a standard of sustainable reports.

The Influence Of Advertising Image On Customers’ Final Online Purchase Decisions: A Survey Study, Tarek Ismail Mohamed, Nassereldin Abdel Qadir Osman, Amal Mohamed Nabil Abdel Azim Badr

Information Sciences Letters

This paper investigates the images use in Sudani Telecom Company’s (STC) advertisements and the degree to which it increases the public’s knowledge about the company. The study was performed among a sample (191 persons) of the company’s users in Khartoum City and the descriptive-analytical method was employed. Results revealed that there are statistically significant differences in the perceived degree to which the company’s use of an image in SNSs advertisements increases the public’s knowledge about and interest in the company and its services. It is recommended that National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) certainly updates its laws. It is also necessary for …

Analysis Of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows Of Brics Countries For Pre-Pandemic Period And During Pandemic Crisis, Ghousia Khatoon, Umair Zahid, Samira Ben Belgacem, Pallavi Sri

Information Sciences Letters

In the summit held in 2009, the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India China, and South Africa decided to identify themselves as a formal institution, and BRICS was declared as a formal institution in the year 2010. According to the UNCTAD report, these nations are identified as favored destinations for investments in FDI (Supachai, 2009). BRICS countries being recognized for their plenary FDI are also facing difficulty in attracting FDI inflows due to pandemic crises. FDI boosts entrepreneurship and is a great source of employment to millions. Thus there is a necessity to focus on the growth of FDI Inflows. The …

Generating A Shortest B-Chain Using Multi-Gpus, Hatem M. Bahig, Dieaa I. Nassr

Information Sciences Letters

Let B be a finite set of binary operations over the set of natural numbers N. A B-chain for a natural number n, denoted by BC(n), is a sequence of numbers 1 = c0,c1,...,cl = n such that for each i > 0,ci = cj ◦ck, where 0 ≤ j,k ≤ i−1 and ◦ is an operation of B. Generating a shortest B-chain for n plays an important role in increasing the performance of some cryptosystems and protocols. This paper has two purposes. The first is to propose a generic algorithm to generate a shortest B-chain using a single CPU and …

Certain Developments Of Laguerre Equation And Laguerre Polynomials Via Fractional Calculus, Haifa Shihab, Thair Younis Al-Khayat

Information Sciences Letters

Recently, much interests have been paid in studying fractional calculus due to its effectiveness in modeling many of the natural phenomena. Motivated essentially by the success of the applications of the orthogonal polynomials, this paper is mainly devoted to developing Laguerre equation and Laguerre polynomials in the fractional calculus setting. We provide some type of generalizations of the classical Laguerre polynomials, via conformable fractional calculus. We start by solving the fractional Laguerre equation in the sense of conformable calculus about the fractional regular singular point. Next, we write the conformable fractional Laguerre polynomials (CFLPs), through various generating functions. Subsequently, Rodrigues’ …

Viral Small Terminase: A Divergent Structural Framework For A Conserved Biological Function., Ravi K. Lokareddy, Chun-Feng David Hou, Fenglin Li, Ruoyu Yang, Gino Cingolani

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The genome packaging motor of bacteriophages and herpesviruses is built by two terminase subunits, known as large (TerL) and small (TerS), both essential for viral genome packaging. TerL structure, composition, and assembly to an empty capsid, as well as the mechanisms of ATP-dependent DNA packaging, have been studied in depth, shedding light on the chemo-mechanical coupling between ATP hydrolysis and DNA translocation. Instead, significantly less is known about the small terminase subunit, TerS, which is dispensable or even inhibitory in vitro, but essential in vivo. By taking advantage of the recent revolution in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and building upon a …

Dissection Of A Sensorimotor Circuit Underlying Pathogen Aversion In C Elegans, Adam Filipowicz, Jonathan Lalsiamthara, Alejandro Aballay

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Altering animal behavior to reduce pathogen exposure is a key line of defense against pathogen attack. In Caenorhabditis elegans, alterations in intestinal physiology caused by pathogen colonization and sensation of microbial metabolites may lead to activation of pathogen aversive behaviors ranging from aversive reflexes to learned avoidance. However, the neural circuitry between chemosensory neurons that sense pathogenic bacterial cues and the motor neurons responsible for avoidance-associated locomotion remains unknown.

RESULTS: Using C. elegans, we found that backward locomotion was a component of learned pathogen avoidance, as animals pre-exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus faecalis showed reflexive aversion to drops …

Improving Protein Succinylation Sites Prediction Using Embeddings From Protein Language Model, Suresh Pokharel, Pawel Pratyush, Michael Heinzinger, Robert H. Newman, Dukka Kc

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Protein succinylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) responsible for many vital metabolic activities in cells, including cellular respiration, regulation, and repair. Here, we present a novel approach that combines features from supervised word embedding with embedding from a protein language model called ProtT5-XL-UniRef50 (hereafter termed, ProtT5) in a deep learning framework to predict protein succinylation sites. To our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to employ embedding from a pre-trained protein language model to predict protein succinylation sites. The proposed model, dubbed LMSuccSite, achieves state-of-the-art results compared to existing methods, with performance scores of 0.36, 0.79, 0.79 …

Mutant C. Elegans P53 Together With Gain-Of-Function Glp-1/Notch Decreases Uvc-Damage-Induced Germline Cell Death But Increases Parp Inhibitor-Induced Germline Cell Death, Jorge Canar, Prima Manandhar-Sasaki, Jill Bargonetti

Publications and Research

The TP53 gene is mutated in over 50% of human cancers, and the C. elegans p53-1 (cep-1) gene encodes the ortholog CEP-1. CEP-1 is activated by ultraviolet type C (UVC)-induced DNA damage and activates genes that induce germline apoptosis. UVC treatment of gain-of-function glp-1(ar202gf)/Notch tumorous animals reduces germline stem cell numbers (and overall tumor size), while UVC treatment of double-mutant cep-1/p53(gk138);glp-1/Notch(ar202gf) increases DNA damage adducts and stem cell tumor volume. We compared UVC-induced mitotic stem cell death and animal lifespans for the two different C. elegans tumorous strains. C. elegans stem cell compartment death has never been observed, and we …

Metarnn: Differentiating Rare Pathogenic And Rare Benign Missense Snvs And Indels Using Deep Learning, Chang Li, Degui Zhi, Kai Wang, Xiaoming Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Multiple computational approaches have been developed to improve our understanding of genetic variants. However, their ability to identify rare pathogenic variants from rare benign ones is still lacking. Using context annotations and deep learning methods, we present pathogenicity prediction models, MetaRNN and MetaRNN-indel, to help identify and prioritize rare nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) and non-frameshift insertion/deletions (nfINDELs). We use independent test sets to demonstrate that these new models outperform state-of-the-art competitors and achieve a more interpretable score distribution. Importantly, prediction scores from both models are comparable, enabling easy adoption of integrated genotype-phenotype association analysis methods. All pre-computed nsSNV scores …

Spatial Profiling Of The Prostate Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Reveals Multiple Differences In Gene Expression And Correlation With Recurrence Risk, Vinay Kumar, Pavneet Randhawa, Robert Bilodeau, Dan Mercola, Michael Mcclelland, Anshu Agrawal, James Nguyen, Patricia Castro, Michael M Ittmann, Farah Rahmatpanah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in both the development and progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, identifying protein and gene expression differences between different regions is valuable for treatment development. We applied Digital Spatial Profiling multiplex analysis to formalin-fixed paraffin embedded prostatectomy tissue blocks to investigate protein and transcriptome differences between tumor, tumor-adjacent stroma (TAS), CD45+ tumor, and CD45+ TAS tissue. Differential expression of an immunology/oncology protein panel (n = 58) was measured. OX40L and CTLA4 were expressed at higher levels while 22 other proteins, including CD11c, were expressed at lower levels (FDR < 0.2 and p-value < 0.05) in TAS as compared to tumor epithelia. A tissue microarray analysis of 97 patients with 1547 cores found positive correlations between high expression of CD11c and increased time to recurrence in tumor and TAS, and inverse relationships for CTLA4 and OX40L, where higher expression in tumor correlated with lower time to recurrence, but higher time to recurrence in TAS. Spatial transcriptomic analysis using a Cancer Transcriptome Atlas panel (n = 1825 genes) identified 162 genes downregulated and 69 upregulated in TAS versus tumor, 26 downregulated and 6 upregulated in CD45+ TAS versus CD45+ tumor. We utilized CIBERSORTx to estimate the relative immune cell fractions using CD45+ gene expression and found higher average fractions for memory B, naïve B, and T cells in TAS. In summary, the combination of protein expression differences, immune cell fractions, and correlations of protein expression with time to recurrence suggest that closely examining the tumor microenvironment provides valuable data that can improve prognostication and treatment techniques.