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Review And Prospect On International Ocean Circulation And Climate Observation Projects In Indo-Pacific Convergence Region, Fan Wang, Hui Zhou, Jianing Wang, Lin Wang, Yixin Ma

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Today, human society faces global warming and its subsequent challenges. The ocean, as one important supporting component of the earth's life system, plays a vital role in realizing the goal of sustainable development of human society. As the birthplace of the heat engine of the earth's climate system, the Indo-Pacific convergence region plays a decisive role in modulating the distribution of earth heat and climate change and has been the focus of international ocean and climate observation projects. This study aims to summarize the achievements and challenges in the international observation projects in the Indo-Pacific convergence region since the last …

Development Status And Prospect Of Marine Environmental Security Technology, Huabin Mao, Yuantao Wu, Jianping Yin, Shumin Lian

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the continuous progress of ocean observation technology, more and more technical means have been provided for marine environmental safety technology. The marine environmental security technology plays an indispensable role in the national Belt and Road Initiatives. Meanwhile, it not only plays a crucial role in the achievement of building a maritime power and the maintenance of national maritime security, but also plays a positive role in promoting the construction of a "community with a shared future for the oceans" and implementing the goal of marine sustainable development. Based on the practical problems, this study introduces the system composition of …

Ordos Sandland Ecological Station, Chinese Academy Of Sciences, Institute Of Botany Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

No abstract provided.

Long-Term Ecological Research Provides Theoretical And Technical Support For Ecological Restoration And Adaptive Management Of Sandland Ecosystem, Zhenying Huang, Xuehua Ye, Qingguo Cui, Juan Du, Xuejun Yang, Guofang Liu, Bao Alateng

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Since its establishment, the Ordos Sandland Ecological Research Station, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as Ordos Station) has aimed at the serious problem of the desertification in sandy grasslands in China. Taking the sandy grassland ecosystem as the research object, the Ordos Station has conducted long-term monitoring and research on the process and mechanism of grassland desertification at all levels, which has provided theoretical basis and experimental demonstration for regional economic sustainable development, combating desertification and environmental management. Over the past 30 years, based on long-term monitoring, field investigation, and long-term experiments, the Ordos Station has revealed …

Microbial Ecology Of The Invasive Plant Kudzu (Pueraria Montana Var. Lobata) In The Southeast United States: Toward A Framework Of Integrative Weed Management, Maryam Shahrtash

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

One unrealized aspect of invasive plant management is the incorporation of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, including utilization of microorganisms as biocontrol agents. While the development of such an ecological approach is in its infancy, I argue that incorporation of microbes into management plans should be a priority for the development of more sustainable tools for invasive plant control and incorporation into integrative pest management programs. Fungal endophytes, fungal species that live within a plant but do not negatively impact plant fitness or functions, are a major component of the plant microbiome. Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) is a dominant, abundant, …

Knowledge Overconfidence Is Associated With Anti-Consensus Views On Controversial Scientific Issues, Nicholas Light, Philip M. Fernbach, Nathaniel Rabb, Mugur V. Geana, Steven A. Sloman

Business Faculty Publications and Presentations

Public attitudes that are in opposition to scientific consensus can be disastrous and include rejection of vaccines and opposition to climate change mitigation policies. Five studies examine the interrelationships between opposition to expert consensus on controversial scientific issues, how much people actually know about these issues, and how much they think they know. Across seven critical issues that enjoy substantial scientific consensus, as well as attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and mitigation measures like mask wearing and social distancing, results indicate that those with the highest levels of opposition have the lowest levels of objective knowledge but the highest levels of …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites - Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 37 – Josephine Shaft, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Mismatches In Scale Between Highly Mobile Marine Megafauna And Marine Protected Areas, Melinda G. Conners, Nicholas B. Sisson, Pierre D. Agamboue, Philip W. Atkinson, Alastair M.M. Baylis, Scott R. Benson, Barbara A. Block, Steven J. Bograd, Pablo Bordino, W. D. Bowen, Paul Brickle, Ignacio M. Bruno, Victoria González Carman, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E. Crocker, Daniel P. Costa, Tiffany M. Dawson, For Full Author List, See Comments Below

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly large MPAs, are increasing in number and size around the globe in part to facilitate the conservation of marine megafauna under the assumption that large-scale MPAs better align with vagile life histories; however, this alignment is not well established. Using a global tracking dataset from 36 species across five taxa, chosen to reflect the span of home range size in highly mobile marine megafauna, we show most MPAs are too small to encompass complete home ranges of most species. Based on size alone, 40% of existing MPAs could encompass the home ranges of the smallest …

Respiratory, Neurological And Other Health Outcomes Among Plastic Factory Workers In Gazipur, Bangladesh, Shobhan Das, Md. Masudur Rahman, Asmaul Husna, Margia Akter, Md. Matiur Rahaman, Md. Taohidul Islam, Md. Jamal Uddin, Atin Adhikari

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Approximately three thousand plastic goods manufacturing factories (PGMF) are currently operating in Bangladesh involving numerous workers. Associated health problems of these workers are largely unknown. The key objectives of the current study were identifying plastic chemical exposures related health outcomes in these workers and comparing these outcomes before and after their joining in PGMFs. In addition, we aimed to investigate the relationships between work duration and the prevalence of health ailments among workers.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among factory workers (n=405) at six PGMFs in Gazipur district in Bangladesh. A simple random sampling method had been …

Graph-Based Computational Approach To The Study Of Cancer Pharmacotherapy, Manali Singha

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Recent advances in the analysis of omics data from various cancer cells pave the way for cancer therapy to predict effective drug responses and drug-target interactions based on cell- specific genetic features such as gene expression profiles, mutations, and copy number variations. Because the phenotype of a complex disease, such as cancer, is determined by several factors, it is difficult to predict the best effective treatment for a certain cell line based just on one sort of data, such as genetic traits and drug molecular features. The overall studies in this thesis proposed a graph-based representation of heterogeneous biological data …

Clinical Review Of Neuromusculoskeletal Complementary And Alternative Approaches For The Treatment Of Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome, Stephanie K. Marks, Nathan A. Rodriguez, Anisha Shah, Andi N. Garcia, Leah Ritter, Angela N. Pierce

Faculty and Staff Publications

Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a functional pain disorder characterized by ongoing pain in the apparent absence of clinically identifiable causes. The prevalence of functional pain disorders demonstrates the importance of adequate management of ongoing symptomatology, but due to the uncertain etiology and myriad patient presentation phenotypes, reliable treatment options are difficult to implement. New interventions involving non-pharmacological approaches to pain management have been investigated across a spectrum of clinical and pre-clinical studies. Given that conservative care such as exercise, counseling, and musculoskeletal therapy is widely recommended as first-line treatment for CPPS, an updated review of these and related …

Changes In Health Care Access During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Estimates Of National Japanese Data, June 2020-October 2021, Yuta Tanoue, Cyrus Ghaznavi, Takayuki Kawashima, Akifumi Eguchi, Daisuke Yoneoka, Shuhei Nomura

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted health care access around the world, both for inpatients and outpatients. We applied a quasi-Poisson regression to national, monthly data on the number of outpatients, number of inpatients, length of average hospital stay, and the number of new hospitalizations from March 2015 to October 2021 to assess how these outcomes changed between June 2020 to October 2021. The number of outpatient visits were lower-than-predicted during the early phases of the pandemic but normalized by the fall of 2021. The number of inpatients and new hospitalizations were lower-than-predicted throughout the pandemic, and deficits in reporting continued …

Kathryn V. Holmes: A Career Of Contributions To The Coronavirus Field, Aurelio Bonavia, Samuel R Dominguez, Gabriela Dveksler, Sara Gagneten, Megan Howard, Scott Jeffers, Zhaohui Qian, Mary Kathryn Smith, Larissa B Thackray, Dina B Tresnan, David E Wentworth, David R Wessner, Richard K Williams, Tanya A Miura

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Over the past two years, scientific research has moved at an unprecedented rate in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid development of effective vaccines and therapeutics would not have been possible without extensive background knowledge on coronaviruses developed over decades by researchers, including Kathryn (Kay) Holmes. Kay's research team discovered the first coronavirus receptors for mouse hepatitis virus and human coronavirus 229E and contributed a wealth of information on coronaviral spike glycoproteins and receptor interactions that are critical determinants of host and tissue specificity. She collaborated with several research laboratories to contribute knowledge in additional areas, including coronaviral pathogenesis, …

A Signature Based On Costimulatory Molecules For The Assessment Of Prognosis And Immune Characteristics In Patients With Stomach Adenocarcinoma, Bangjie Chen, Yong Yao, Deshen Mao, Conghan Li, Xingyu Wang, Shuyan Sheng, Lizhi Zhang, Xinyi Wang, Sanwei Chen, Wentao Xu, Jianyi Deng, Chenyu Sun, Qin Zhou, Scott Lowe, Rachel Bentley, Wei Shao, Haiwen Li

Student Publications

Although costimulatory molecules have been shown to boost antitumor immune responses, their significance in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the gene expression patterns of costimulatory molecule genes in patients with STAD and develop a predictive signature to aid in therapy selection and outcome prediction. We used 60 costimulatory family genes from prior research to conduct the first complete costimulatory molecular analysis in patients with STAD. In the two study groups, consensus clustering analysis based on these 60 genes indicated unique distribution patterns and prognostic differences. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection …

Proteomic Biomarkers Of The Apnea Hypopnea Index And Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Insights Into The Pathophysiology Of Presence, Severity, And Treatment Response, Katie L J Cederberg, Yo-El S Ju, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disease associated with excessive sleepiness and increased cardiovascular risk, affects an estimated 1 billion people worldwide. The present study examined proteomic biomarkers indicative of presence, severity, and treatment response in OSA. Participants (

Investigation On The Synthesis, Application And Structural Features Of Heteroaryl 1,2-Diketones, Robert J. Wehrle, Alexander Rosen, Thu Vu Nguyen, Kalyn Koons, Eric Jump, Mason Bullard, Natalie Wehrle, Adam Stockfish, Patrick M. Hare, Abdurrahman Atesin, Tülay A. Ateşin, Lili Ma

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

A set of unsymmetrical heteroaryl 1,2-diketones were synthesized by a heteroarylation/oxidation sequence with up to 65% isolated yields. Palladium catalyst XPhos Pd G4 and SeO2 were the key reagents used in this methodology, and microwave irradiation was utilized to facilitate an efficient and ecofriendly process. The application of heteroaryl 1,2-diketones is demonstrated through the synthesis of an unsymmetrical 2-phenyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)quinoxaline (5a) from 1-phenyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (4a). The lowest energy conformations of 4a and 5a were located using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory. Two lowest energy conformations of 4a differ with respect to the position of the N atom …

Performance Of Machine Learning Classifiers In Classifying Stunting Among Under-Five Children In Zambia, Obvious Nchimunya Chilyabanyama, Roma Chilengi, Roma Chilengi, Michelo Simuyandi, Caroline C. Chisenga, Masuzyo Chirwa, Kalongo Hamusonde, Rakesh Kumar Saroj, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Innocent Ngaruye

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Stunting is a global public health issue. We sought to train and evaluate machine learning (ML) classification algorithms on the Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS) dataset to predict stunting among children under the age of five in Zambia. We applied Logistic regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), SV classification (SVC), XG Boost (XgB) and Naïve Bayes (NB) algorithms to predict the probability of stunting among children under five years of age, on the 2018 ZDHS dataset. We calibrated predicted probabilities and plotted the calibration curves to compare model performance. We computed accuracy, recall, precision and F1 for each machine learning algorithm. …

Microplastic Ingestion In Zooplankton From The Fram Strait In The Arctic, Zara L.R. Botterell, Melanie Bergmann, Nicole Hildebrandt, Thomas Krumpen, Michael Steinke, Richard C. Thompson, Penelope K. Lindeque

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Some of the highest microplastic concentrations in marine environments have been reported from the Fram Strait in the Arctic. This region supports a diverse ecosystem dependent on high concentrations of zooplankton at the base of the food web. Zooplankton samples were collected during research cruises using Bongo and MOCNESS nets in the boreal summers of 2018 and 2019. Using FTIR scanning spectroscopy in combination with an automated polymer identification approach, we show that all five species of Arctic zooplankton investigated had ingested microplastics. Amphipod species, found in surface waters or closely associated with sea ice, had ingested significantly more microplastic …

Paclitaxel And Urolithin A Prevent Histamine-Induced Neurovascular Breakdown Alike, In An, Srijayaprakash Uppada, Dianxiong Zou, Erin M Scott, Gladys Ko, Stephen Pflugfelder, M N V Ravi Kumar, Raghu Ganugula

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Neurovascular eye problems are better prevented than managed or treated. Despite growing concern of occurrence in aging populations and development secondary to diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, we currently have very few options to tackle this global problem. Creating effective and high-throughput screening strategies is as important as the intervention itself. Here, we present for the first time a robust ex vivo rat eye model of histamine-induced vascular damage for investigating the therapeutic potential of paclitaxel (PTX) and urolithin A (UA) as alternatives to dexamethasone for preventing vascular damage in the retina. Extensive loss of vascularization and apoptosis were …

Effects Of 12-Week Gait Retraining On The Morphology Of Medial Gastrocnemius, Chuyi Zhang, Liqin Deng, Xini Zhang, Weijie Fu

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12-week gait retraining on the morphological properties of medial gastrocnemius. Thirty-four male habitual rearfoot strike runners were recruited and randomized divided into gait training group and control group. The medial gastrocnemius morphological properties were measured using an ultrasound device before and after training. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (group × time) was used for analysis. The significance level was set as 0.05. The results found that after 12-week gait retraining, there was no significant group main effect and interaction effect for all parameters. A main effect of time was …

Effects Of Shod And Barefoot Running On The In Vivo Kinematics Of The First Metatarsophalangeal Joint, Faning Zhang, Dongqiang Ye, Wanyan Su, Xiaole Sun, Weijie Fu

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of the first metatarsophalangeal joint’s 6 degree-of-freedom (6DOF) kinematics during shod and barefoot conditions by using a high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS). Fifteen healthy male runners were recruited. Computed tomography (CT) scans were taken of each participant’s right foot for the construction of 3D models and local coordinate system. The fluoroscopic images of the right foot during the stance period were acquired under shod and barefoot condition with rearfoot strike pattern Radiographic images were acquired at 100 Hz while the participants ran at a speed of 3±5% m/s in …

Speed And Slope Effects On Metatarsophalangeal Joint Kinematics In Running, Steffen Willwacher, Kevin Bill, Leon Robertz, Markus Kurz, Igor Kommik, Wolfgang Potthast, Patrick Mai

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of running speed and slope on metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint kinematics. 22 male and female runners underwent 3D motion analysis on an instrumented treadmill at three different speeds (2.5 m/s, 3.0 m/s, 3.5 m/s). At each speed, participants ran at seven slope conditions (downhill: -15%, -10%, -5%, level, and uphill: +5%, +10%, +15%). We found a significant main effect (p < 0.001) of running speed and slope on peak MTP dorsiflexion and a running speed by slope interaction effect (p < 0.001) for peak MTP dorsiflexion velocity. These findings highlight the need to consider running intensity and environmental factors like running surface inclination when considering MTP joint mechanics and technological aids to support runners.

Joint Kinematics During Indoor Bend Sprinting, Jonathan White, Gareth Irwin, Timothy Exell, Cassie Wilson, Joseph Hamill, Hannah Wyatt, Hans Von Lieres Und Wilkau, Gillian Weir

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of radius on lower extremity joint kinematics during indoor bend sprinting. Kinematic data (250 Hz) were collected from eight well-trained sprinters during two ~80 m sprints in banked lanes 2 and lane 4. One-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping was used to analyse lower extremity joint kinematics during the stance phase. Similar to previous bend sprinting research, this study found the left limb appears to adopt an adduction and eversion strategy during left stance to control the movement demands of bend sprinting. Furthermore, significant inter-limb asymmetry occurred primarily in lane 2, highlighting …

Relationship Between Step-By-Step Foot Kinematics And Sprint Performance, Roland Van Den Tillaar

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between angular foot step-by-step kinematics and sprint performance during a 50 metre sprint in experienced male sprinters. Foot kinematics were measured using IMU devices integrated with a 3-axis gyroscope and a laser gun. The main findings were that maximal angular velocities increased until strides 6-7, where it stabilised. Time from touch down to dorsal flexion velocity was similar over all strides, whereas time from dorsal flexion velocity to toe off decreased until stride 6. Plantar flexion velocities, especially in toe off, showed the greatest associations with sprint times, whereas maximal …

Evaluation Of Acl And Mcl Strain Under Non-Contact Loading Of Lower Extremities Using A Hybrid Cadaveric System, Cameron Trepeck, Mark P. Diroma, Javad Hashemi

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to determine the strain in the ACL and MCL under simulated athletic activities using a novel hybrid robotic/cadaveric simulator. Four cadaveric knees, with ACL and MCL instrumented with strain transducers, were tested under simulated jump landing conditions from a height of 30 cm with various degrees of valgus orientation (fixed hamstring and quadricep forces) and various Quadriceps (Q) and Hamstring (H) force levels (fixed degrees of valgus). The response of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) were monitored and assessed during the dynamic loading conditions. 4 – 5 tests were completed …

The Immediate Effect Of A Gentle Heel Strike On Peroneal Muscle Pre-Landing Activation During Prolonged Treadmill Running In Males, Wei Shen, Morgan W.White, Daniel Fong Dr

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Ankle sprains are common in runners. Inactive peroneal longus (PL) is one of the main contributors. The aim of this project was to study the immediate effect of running with a gentle heel strike (GHS) on pre-landing activation of the PL. It was hypothesised that GHS would pre-activate the PL to a greater extent. 11 healthy participants partook in two separate trials. The first involved running on a force plate treadmill with normally, the second with ~70% of mean heel pressure (MHP). GHS showed higher pre-landing PL activated level. There was data showing significant differences between groups at multiple timepoints. …

The Use Of Inertial Measurement Units To Identify Biomechanical Factors Of Performance In Cricket Fast Bowlers, Billy Senington, Raymond Y. Lee, Jonathan M. Williams

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The role of a cricket bowler is to deliver the ball in such a way as to minimise batsmen scoring runs or get them out. Fast bowlers utilise the pace of delivery as a key tool to achieve this. The purpose of this study was to use inertial measurement units (IMUs) to investigate the relationship between IMU derived spinal kinematics, lower limb accelerations and ball release speed in cricket fast bowlers. Sacral vertical loading rate at back-foot impact and thoracic lateral flexion at front-foot impact displayed significant positive relationships with ball release speed (r=.521 and .629 respectively). Consequently, this study …

Treadmill Running: How Long Before Biomechanics Reach A Steady State?, Marie-Caroline Play, Antoine Ravel, Guillaume Millet, Marlène Giandolini, Jérémy Rossi

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate short-term biomechanical changes during treadmill running and whether footwear influenced this adaptation. Forty-five adults with experience in treadmill running over the last year performed an 8.5-min trial at a self-selected speed with three different midsole hardness. Kinetics, kinematics, soft-tissue vibrations and electromyographic activity were recorded at minutes 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The fastest adjustments were an increase of active peak and foot inversion. Step frequency and lower limb stiffness decreased then plateaued at minute 6. Duty factor, contact and flight times didn’t reach a plateau. No time effect was found …

A Pilot Study Assessing Effects Of Taping The Ankle Tendons On Postural Control Under Unpredictable Perturbation, Prabhat Pathak, Jong Hoo Park, Jooeun Ahn

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Unpredictable external perturbation significantly degrades balance and increases the risk of falls, so methods to improve postural control under such perturbation are expected to be beneficial. Considering the important role of somatosensory feedback from ankle tendons in balance regulation, we proposed that applying adhesive elastic tapes to the ankle tendons may affect the postural control. In this initial pilot study, we recruited four healthy young adults and instructed them to balance under forward and backward perturbation which was applied at unpredictable timing by an electrically controlled actuator. The task was performed with and without the application of tapes. We found …

A Methodological Approach For Simulating Musculoskeletal Loading In The Head And Neck Region Following Boxing Punches To The Head, Sven Paldauf, Wolfgang Potthast, Igor Kommik

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of various combat sports is to win the competition by throwing repetitive punches predominantly to the opponent's head. These hitting blows can lead to short and potentially long-term adverse health consequences. The aim of the current study is to introduce an approach that estimates 3D punch forces acting on a struck subject's head. The procedure refers to marker-based kinematic measures and subsequently implementing them into a musculoskeletal head-neck model in OpenSim. The results showed reasonable effective mass estimates, whereby the relatively small force magnitudes and the activation of the reserve moments require methodological modifications followed by the validation …