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The Effect Of Muscle Strength Normalization Proceedures On Decisions To Return To Sport, Brian W. Noehren, Merideth Owen, Kelsey Reeves, Chris Fry

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The objective of this study was to evaluate different methods of normalizing and reporting muscle strength for making decisions about return to sport following an anterior cruciate ligament injury. 42 participants performed 5 isometric knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer. The peak force as well as the rate of torque development were determined and expressed either as the average of 4 trials or the peak value. In addition, the limb symmetry index was determined for each condition and compared. Using the peak method resulted in significantly higher values (p

Lower Limb Asymmetry During The Skeleton Push Start, Michael Muckelt, Laurie Needham, Ezio Preatoni, Steffi Colyer

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to identify the presence and performance implication of asymmetry within the skeleton push start. Motion data were captured on 13 international skeleton athletes, using a custom 9-camera computer vision system. 6 maximal effort pushes were captured allowing the reconstruction of a 0–15 m push. Intra-limb differences for spatiotemporal variables and the change in velocity (ΔV) across a step were analysed. A negative relationship existed between 5 – 15 m split time and ΔV across a stride. Athletes who maximise their velocity across a stride were more likely to perform well in the skeleton push …

Association Between T2* Relaxation Time And The Mechanical Parameters Of The Achilles Tendon In Trained And Untrained Populations: Preliminary Data, Andrea Monte, Jiri Skypala, Jaroslav Uchytil, Vladimir Juras, Daniel Jandacka

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to investigate the association between T2* relaxation time and Achilles tendon mechanical/material parameters (e.g., stiffness, Young’s modulus and hysteresis); and 2) to check the sensibility of the T2* in determining the differences among population, providing important insight for sports scientist and clinicians. Thirty participants (10 power athletes, 10 endurance athletes and 10 healthy participants) participated in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to quantify T2* relaxation time at rest. Ultrasound, kinetics, EMG and kinematics data were used to calculate Achilles tendon mechanical/material parameters during maximum voluntary contractions of the plantar-flexor …

Changes In Lumbar Joint Moments Using A Female Specific Torso And Dynamic Breast Model During Running, Chris Mills, Melissa Jones

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to investigate the effect of breast mass and motion on lumbar flexor / extensor moments during running. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected for a female participant running at 2.6 m/s. An MRI scan was used to calculate breast mass and centre of mass location. An OpenSim model was customised with two point-mass segments added to the torso to represent the breasts. Three model variations were constructed (combined breast and torso mass; separate breast and torso mass without breast motion; separate breast and torso mass with breast motion). Findings show that neglecting breast motion causes peak lumbar …

Early Pre-Season Changes In The Countermovement Jump Outcome And Strategy Variables Of English Super League Rugby Players, John J. Mcmahon, Paul Comfort, Paul A. Jones, Matthew Cuthbert, Andrew J. Badby

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to quantify changes in typical (i.e., jump height) and alternative (i.e., jump momentum) countermovement jump (CMJ) outcome and strategy variables, alongside maximal strength, during the early English Super League pre-season period. Twenty professional senior male rugby league players from an English Super League club performed CMJ and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) testing (3 trials of each) on portable dual force plates on the first and last day of pre-season training held prior to a short Christmas break (December 2021). Select CMJ outcome and strategy variables and both absolute and relative (to body mass) peak …

Effect Of Eight Weeks Vibration Training On The Lower Limb Basic Ability And Athletic Performance Of Gymnasts, Hsiang-Han Mai Liu, Shih-Hang Weng, Yu-Hsuan Kao, Chen-Fu Huang

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study explores the effects of 8 weeks vibration training on the basic ability (explosive power, speed, agility) and athletic performance (backward somersault) of the lower limbs of gymnasts. Sixteen gymnasts were randomly divided into vibration training group (VT) and control group (CON). Participants were trained for eight weeks and performed countermovement jump (CMJ), sprints, shuttle run, and backward somersault tests before the training, after 4 weeks, and 8 weeks of training. The significant level was set to α = .05. The results showed that the speed of VT increased significantly after 4 weeks of training, and …

Correlations Of Postural Control To Proprioception, Tactile Sensation And Muscle Strength Among Older Adults, Fang Liu, Qipeng Song, Daniel Fong Dr

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Background: Falls are one of the most important causes of physical injury and death in older adults. Postural control is associated with an elevated risk of falls in older adults. the purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between static/dynamic postural control ability and proprioception, plantar skin touch, and muscle strength in older adults.

Method: Partial correlation analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between plantar tactile sensitivity, proprioception, lower limb muscle strength and postural control, and regression analysis was used to build an effective model of human postural control.

Result: The postural control of the older …

Omega-3 Supplementation On Muscle Activation Patterns Of The Knee During High-Risk Movements For Acl Ruptures, Sydney Leisz, Graeme Sorbie, John Babraj, Ashley Williams

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of omega-3 supplementation on fatigue and neuromuscular activation patterns of the lower extremity during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) and cutting maneuver. Seventeen female soccer players were allocated to a placebo (n=7) or omega-3 (n=10) (2.4g/day) group and were assessed before and after an 8-week period. EMG of the vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) was evaluated during a DVJ and cutting maneuver prior to, and immediately following, a sport specific fatigue protocol. A 2x4 RM ANOVA revealed statistically significant (p≤0.05) increases in VL activation 100ms before initial contact …

Surface Measured Accelerations During Cricket Fast-Bowling, Matthew O. Lamb, Stuart A. Mcerlain-Naylor, Paul J. Felton, Katherine Brooke-Wavell, Mark A. King

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this research was to quantify the magnitude and timing of surface measured accelerations during the fast-bowling action. Eleven males performed 6 maximum velocity deliveries with accelerometers positioned over: both ankles; knees; hips; L5; L1; and the C7 vertebrae. Accelerometer signals exhibited decreased peak and increased time to peak acceleration from the ankle to the C7 sensor. Even when distal accelerations were largest at front foot contact, the body was still able to dissipate more than 90% of the acceleration. Active and passive mechanisms such as joint compliance and spinal compression within the body therefore likely contribute to …

Induced Acceleration Analysis In Weightlifting: A Pilot Study, Kristof Kipp, Nayun Ahn

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the functional roles of the lower extremity joints during a weightlifting exercise. One participant performed the power clean exercise with 75% of one-repetition maximum while 3D motion capture and force plate data were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated via inverse dynamics analysis and used as inputs to an induced acceleration analysis that calculated joint-specific contributions to ground reaction forces (GRF). Results showed that all joints exhibited to phase-specific contributions to vertical GRF. Interestingly, the ankle plantarflexors produced primarily anterior GRF, whereas the knee extensors produced primarily posterior GRF. The results …

Effects Of Running Habits On Morphology And Plantar Flexion Torque Of Medial Gastrocnemius-Achilles Tendon Unit, Wu Kaicheng, Weijie Fu

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aims to explore the effects of running habits on the morphology of gMTU (medial gastrocnemius-Achilles tendon unit) and plantar flexion torque, to reveal the adaptive changes of different running habits. Male habitual distance runners with forefoot strike pattern (FFS, n=10), male habitual distance runners with rearfoot strike pattern (RFS, n=10), and male non-runners (NR, n=10) were recruited. The Mindray M7 Super ultrasonography system was used to measure the morphological characteristics of the gMTU. A dynamometer was utilized to determine the plantar flexion torque. One-way ANOVA and Nonparametric Test were used for analysis. The significance level was set as …

Footfall Pattern Is Not Associated With Altered Achilles Tendon T2* Relaxation Time Of Recreational Distance Runners, Daniel Jandacka, Jiri Skypala, Andrea Monte, Jan Plesek, Jan Urbaczka, Vladimir Juras, Dominik Vilimek, Joseph Hamill

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Achilles tendon (AT) tendinopathy was reported to be the pathology with one of the highest incidences of all running-related injuries. Non-rearfoot FP has been proposed to be the risk factor for AT overload. T2* relaxation time of Achilles tendon is considered to be a marker of AT tendinopathy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare T2* relaxation time of Achilles tendon (AT) between recreational runner population with rearfoot (RF) and non-rearfoot (NR) footfall patterns (FP). Twenty-two middle age recreational runners (11 rearfoot and 11 non-rearfoot), matched according to running distance, participated in this study. Resting T2* relaxation time …

Predictors Of Pelvic Acceleration During Treadmill Running At Different Stride Frequencies, Megan L. James, Alex L. Jones, Isabel S. Moore

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to examine predictors of peak vertical and anteroposterior pelvic acceleration during treadmill running. Participants ran at 9 km∙h^-1 at their preferred stride frequency and at ± 5% of their preferred stride frequency. Coordinate and acceleration data were collected using a motion capture system and inertial measurement units. Linear mixed models showed that for every one standard deviation increase in the anteroposterior displacement from knee to ankle at initial contact, vertical pelvic acceleration increased by 2.18 m∙s^-2 (p = 0.046). Additionally, for every one standard deviation increase in stride frequency, peak …

Spatiotemporal And Joint Kinematic Differences Between Footstrike Patterns In Male And Female 10,000m Athletes, Brian Hanley, Aaron L. Thomas, Catherine B. Tucker

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of this study was to examine biomechanical differences between footstrike patterns in elite 10,000m racing. Video data of 53 men and 33 women were recorded in competition and used to compare spatiotemporal and joint kinematic variables between rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot strikers, and to find associations. There were no differences between footstrike patterns for speed, step length or cadence, but rearfoot strikers had longer contact times than forefoot and midfoot strikers by 0.017 and 0.014 s, respectively, and shorter flight times by 0.023 and 0.021 s, respectively. The main causes of different footstrike patterns were the ankle and …

Stature And Load Affect The Walk To Run Transition Speed, Niamh Gill, Thomas O'Leary, Andrew Roberts, Chelsea Starbuck, Julie Greeves, Richard Jones

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Military personnel are often required to march “in-step” while carrying heavy loads. For example, the two speeds required to complete the role fitness test for the British Army are close to the preferred walking speed and preferred walk-to-run transition speed (PTS) for healthy adults when unloaded. PTS depends on anthropometry, including stature. Walking at speeds markedly different to PTS has been associated with increased metabolic cost and increased joint loading. There is also limited research into how this PTS is affected by load carriage. To minimise the risk of injury, there is a need to understand how load carriage affects …

Similarity Of Coordination Patterns In A Group Of Highly Trained Sprinters: A Novel Approach, Byron J. Donaldson, Helen Bayne, Neil Bezodis

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Understanding coordination patterns aids technical understanding and potential grouping of athletes that exhibit similar movement patterns. This study assessed between-individual similarity in initial sprint acceleration coordination in highly trained to world class sprinters using a novel pairwise approach. Similarity between participants was higher for thigh-thigh coordination compared to shank-foot and trunk-shank coordination. Mean similarity increased from step 1 to step 4 in shank-foot (0.74 to 0.83) and trunk-shank (0.68 to 0.79) couplings but remained consistent in the thigh-thigh coupling (0.89 to 0.91). Researchers and practitioners should consider that coordination between sprinters converges over initial acceleration, but between any two individuals …

High Levels Of Endurance Training Mitigate Age-Related Changes In Running Biomechanics – A Longitudinal Study, Ceri Elen Diss Dr, Andrew Green Dr, Ivana M. Demmel Mrs

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Very few studies to date examined lower body and joint stiffness in ageing endurance runners, the majority cross-sectionally. The present study longitudinally examined age-related changes in leg and joint stiffness regulation in consistently trained master endurance runners, as well as the contribution of individual joints in resisting collapse and generating propulsion. Highly trained master endurance runners (N=10) were studied over a period of seven years whilst maintaining their training regime. Data was collected at mean age 53.54 ± 2.56 and 60.49 ± 2.56 following an identical overground running protocol, using a Kistler force plate and a 12-camera Vicon motion capture …

Quantification Of Coordinative Variability Of Hip-Ankle Joints For Sedentary And Active Young Groups, Guilherme Augusto Gomes De Villa

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of the present study was to quantify the variability of joint coordination, during gait, of young sedentary and active at different speeds (preferred walking speed (PWS), 120% of PWS and 80% of PWS) using the previously reported modified Vector Coding technique. Thirty young people participated in this study, of which 15 practiced physical activities at least an hour a day and three times a week, and 15 were sedentary. For data collection they executed a protocol of one-minute walking on a treadmill at each speed, in a randomized order. For the Hip-Ankle joint pair, the coordination was computed …

Biomechanical Analysis Of Tire Flipping With Tires Of Different Masses And Their Potential Specificity To Sprinting, Brian R. Biggs, Hunter L. Frisk, Megan E. Gold, William P. Ebben

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study compared the kinetics of tire flipping with different mass tires and sprinting to evaluate the potential specificity of this training stimulus. Subjects (N=15) performed tire flips with a 54.3 kg tire, a 102.1 kg tire, and sprinted on two large force platforms. Dependent variables included peak horizontal ground reaction force (HGRF), peak vertical GRF (VGRF), horizontal to vertical GRF ratio (H:V), and rate of vertical GRF development (VRFD). A RM ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Significant main effects were found for all dependent variables (p ≤ 0.03). Post-hoc analysis showed that the tires were different …

Agreement Among Countermovement Jump Force-Time Variables Obtained From A Wireless Dual Force Plate System And An Industry Gold Standard System, Andrew J. Badby, Peter Mundy, Paul Comfort, Jason Lake, John J. Mcmahon

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to explore the agreement between a wireless and portable dual force plate system, and an in-ground force plate system, which is an industry gold standard. The countermovement jump (CMJ) was compared across the two systems because it is the most popular force plate test in sports settings. Recreationally active adults (n=20) performed three maximal-effort CMJs on the portable force plates which were placed atop two adjacent in-ground force plates to enable simultaneous collection of raw force-time data (1000 Hz) over five seconds. Popular CMJ force-time variables were analysed for each system using …

Pelvis Energy Flow And Ground Reaction Force Predictors Of Elbow Torque In High School And Collegiate Baseball Pitchers, Arnel Aguinaldo, Kristen Nicholson

ISBS Proceedings Archive

High joint forces and torques are associated with injury risk in baseball pitching. Energy flow (EF) analyses have provided valuable information on how segment and joint powers influence the pitching motion but have not been used to investigate EF influence on elbow torque. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of pelvis EF and ground reaction force (GRF) with elbow valgus torque in a sample of high school and collegiate baseball pitchers using regularized regression and statistical parametric mapping. A set of 14 GRF and EF variables were found to be predictors of maximum elbow valgus torque. …

_Not That Bad_: Lessons Women Learn In A Rape Culture, Sydney J. Selman

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

In 2018, Roxane Gay assembled an anthology that addresses the severity of rape, rejecting the common belief that some sexually violent acts, compared to others, are not that bad. This collection, titled Not That Bad: Dispatches from Rape Culture, compiles pieces from thirty different authors and sheds light on how the notion of not that bad contributes to a broader structural social problem involving sexual violence. This social problem, known as rape culture, is commonly defined as a culture that normalizes sexual violence and blames victims of sexual assault (“What is Rape Culture?”). In other words, rape culture …

Synthesis And Consolidation Of The Aluminosilicate Mineral Anorthite, Lauren E. Eccles

Pursuit - The Journal of Undergraduate Research at The University of Tennessee

Solid-state ceramic synthesis is a fabrication process involving high temperature reactions of solid component powders and is used to prepare materials with novel and advanced properties. Regarding synthetic mineral ceramics, the solid-state process makes it possible to design synthetic minerals with specific compositions and properties not commonly found in their natural, comparatively impure, counterparts. This study focuses on the synthesis of the feldspar anorthite, CaAl₂Si₂O₈, via solid-state procedures and the densification of the synthesized powders using the technique of uniaxial hot-pressing. Constituent powders of aluminum sesquioxide (Al₂O₃), silicon dioxide (SiO …

Box 17, Folder 30 - "Some Notes On The Montessori Method, Outline Headings" (E.M.S.), Edwin Mortimer Standing

Notes, ca. 1929-1948

No abstract provided.

Box 17, Folder 19 - "Plan Which Will Best Produce A Montessori Class" (Uncredited), Edwin Mortimer Standing

Notes, ca. 1929-1948

No abstract provided.

Box 17, Folder 10 - "Nature, Inventor" "Evolution" [Science; Circulatory System, Duplicity Of Dionaea Muscipula; Flower In Flight; Animals & Man; History, Geography] (E.M.S.), Edwin Mortimer Standing

Notes, ca. 1929-1948

No abstract provided.

Box 17, Folder 03 - Misc. Iii [ Civilization & Child; Multiplication;Discoveries, Grammar, Fundamental Principles Of Montessori; Teaching Anything; Seasonal Materials; Impossible Tasks] (E.M.S.), Edwin Mortimer Standing

Notes, ca. 1929-1948

No abstract provided.

Box 15, Folder 27 - "Evolution & Cosmic Task" ;[Future Paper Related To Teilhard De Chardin] (E.M.S.), Edwin Mortimer Standing

Notes, ca. 1929-1948

No abstract provided.

Box 15, Folder 19 - "Discipline/ Obedience/ The Will/ Concentration/ Control Of Error" (E.M.S), Edwin Mortimer Standing

Notes, ca. 1929-1948

No abstract provided.

Emotional Or Behavioral Disorders, E. Rene James

LC Journal of Special Education

If surveyed across several generations, casual inquirers would not be hard-pressed to discover differing attitudes about current behavior challenges in schools today. While many structures have been established and documents written, one cannot deny the changes in focus that are now required to accommodate new attitudes and behaviors in many children in our public education system. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act maintains a formal definition of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) which led to this disorder being included in the list of IEP-warranted classifications. Children who exhibit symptoms within the listed criteria often are identified as demonstrating predominately externalizing …