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Remdesivir Treatment For Patients With Moderate To Severe Covid-19, İmran Hasanoğlu, Hati̇ce Rahmet Güner, İlhami̇ Çeli̇k, Fi̇kret Kanat, Ayşe Batirel, Gülçi̇n Telli̇ Di̇zman, Esma Eryilmaz Eren, Di̇lek Yildiz Sevgi̇, İlkay Bozkurt, Kadri̇ye Kart Yaşar, Sevtap Şenoğlu, Esra Kazak, Ridvan Karaali̇, Aysel Kocagül Çeli̇kbaş, Hüsnü Pullukçu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Remdesivir, which was first developed for the treatment of Ebola disease but failed to meet expectations, has become hope in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for mortality and prognosis of adult moderate/severe COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir, and safety and tolerability of 5 days of remdesivir treatment. Materials and methods: This multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in 14 centers in Turkey. Pregnancy or breastfeeding, multiorgan failure, or usage of vasopressors for septic shock, ALT > 5 × the upper limit of the normal range, or eGRF

Future Pandemics: How Can We Be Ready?, Zeynep Türe Yüce, Emi̇ne Alp Meşe

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Identification Of Subclinical Iron Deficiency Using New Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, And Reticulocytes Parameters During Nonsevere Acute Infection In Pediatric Outpatients, Nazmi̇ Mutlu Karakaş, Serap Ki̇rki̇z Kayali, Zühre Kaya

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aims to investigate the diagnostic utility of new erythrocytes, leukocytes, and reticulocytes parameters for the identification of subclinical iron deficiency (ID) in children under 6 years with nonsevere acute infection in pediatric outpatients. Materials and methods: The study included 102 children with acute infections and 31 true ID. Traditional and new hematology parameters were measured in a Sysmex-XN® , along with C-reactive protein level, and iron parameters. Participants? ID were categorized as: the ferritin < 100 ng/mL, transferrin saturation < 20% was defined as ?subclinical or functional ID (FID) in Group 1?; ferritin < 30 ng/mL, transferrin saturation < 20%, as ?absolute-ID (AID)? in Group 2; ferritin < 12 ng/mL without anemia and infection, as ?true ID? in Group 3. Results: The frequencies of FID and AID among the 102 children with acute infection were 24% and 76%, respectively. Compared with the Group 2 patients, Group 1 had a significantly higher mean percentage of hypochromic erythrocytes (Hypo-He), and significantly lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb) and Hb content of reticulocytes (RET-He) (p < 0.05 for all). Compared with Group 2 and Group 3 patients, Group 1 had a significantly higher mean percentage of immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) and immature granulocyte (IG) values (p < 0.05 for all). The RET-He, IRF%, Hypo-He%, and IG% cut-off values for predicting FID during infection were 27.0 pg, 10.6%, 2.5%, and 0.35% respectively. Conclusion: The RET-He, Hypo-He, IRF, and IG may be useful parameters for identifying subclinical ID in small children with nonsevere acute infection in pediatric outpatients.

Investigation Of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Susceptibility In Clinical Isolates Of Gram-Negative Bacteria, Ridvan Dumlu, Neval Yurttutan Uyar, Meltem Ayaş, Ni̇lay Aksoy, Nur Öztürk, Ayşe Sesi̇n Kocagöz

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Our study investigated the susceptibility rate of ceftazidime-avibactam and the risk factors associated with its resistance by analyzing gram-negative bacteria isolated from various patient samples. Materials and methods: Between March and November 2020, 1119 gram-negative bacteria strains were isolated from patient samples in Acıbadem Healthcare Group hospitals; ceftazidime-avibactam susceptibility results were evaluated using a 10/4µg (Oxoid, UK) disc and evaluated according to Eucast 2020 recommendations. Patient and isolate characteristics that could be risk factors were retrospectively investigated and statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: Male patients made up 52% (n = 581) of the study's total patient population, and …

Bio-Clinical Evaluation Of Collateral Score In Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion, Esra Demi̇r, Hesna Bektaş, Hasan Bayindir, Oğuzhan Kurşun

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is characterized as a neurological deficit owing to an acute focal damage to the brain by cerebral infarction. A collateral score is the most significant factor evaluating the prognosis of AIS, its relationship with demographic data, serum biochemical parameters, and clinical disability in this field. Materials and methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study with 100 patients with AIS within the first 6 h of ischemic stroke. Data for consecutive AIS patients were collected from February 2019 to May 2020. The collateral score was assessed by using developed scoring systems defined by Maas et al. …

Antimicrobial Activities Of Ankaferd Bloodstopper, Hypochlorous Acid, And Chlorhexidine Against Specific Organisms, Ahmet Koluman, Alper Aktaş, Selen Adi̇loğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Mirna And Cytokine Expressions In Latent Tuberculosis Infection And Active Tuberculosis, Cengi̇z Çavuşoğlu, Muhsi̇n Özgür Çoğulu, Asude Durmaz, Zehra Cengi̇si̇z, Fethi̇ye Ferda Yilmaz, Mehmet Sezai̇ Taşbakan, Meltem Taşbakan, Cumhur Gündüz, Can Bi̇çmen, Onur Karaman, Hasan Taşlidere, Haluk Akin, Tülay Akarca, Mustafa Şevket Dereli̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Novel Crispr/Cas Gene Editing System For Plants Which Bypasses Genetic Transformation And Tissue Culture, Aastha Acharya

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

CRISPR/Cas system is a powerful gene-editing tool that has revolutionized gene editing in many ways. However, the current delivery methods for using CRISPR/Cas system inn plants have some drawbacks that have greatly limited their routine application in plant research and improvement. Specifically,, the methods heavily rely on either genetic transformation for delivering Cas and/or its gRNA coding sequences into the targeted cells or tissue culture, or both for recovering the whole edited plants. To overcome these drawbacks, we have developed a simple, easy to use yet effective system for CRISPR/Cas gene editing in plants that can bypass genetic transformation and …

Covid-19, Chronic Stress, And Adolescent Mental Health, Corina Barker

DSW Capstone Projects

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an undeniable impact on adolescent mental health. Though not considered to be high risk when it comes to physically contracting the virus itself, adolescents have shown to be significantly impacted by the indirect effects of the pandemic. Because of the unique and formative time, this is in their lives, adolescents are already vulnerable to the impact of social stressors. Risk factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic such as social isolation, disruption in routine, uncertainty, fear, and chronic stress have all proven to have a profound negative impact on adolescent mental health and overall well-being. It …

Barring Methadone Behind Bars: How Prisons Err When Denying Methadone Treatment To Inmates With Opioid Use Disorder, Julia Durst

Mitchell Hamline Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Lived Experiences Of Black Women In Ces Doctoral Programs During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Cynthia D. Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Black women in counselor education and supervision (CES) programs have historically been underrepresented in the scholarly literature, making it vital to understand how this group of women cope with the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study was to explore and understand Black women’s lived experiences in CES doctoral programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Husserl’s phenomenological approach served as the conceptual framework for this research study. Semi structured interviews were conducted with nine Black women enrolled in CES doctoral programs having at least 6 months to 5 years of engagement in their program. …

Covid-19 Vaccine Policies, & Vaccine Hesitancy: Improving Vaccine Uptake Together With One Respectful Voice, Emmanuela Nwaonumah, Emilee Larson, Danielle Soler Lopes, Bettye Apenteng

Eagles Talking About the Public’s Health

No abstract provided.

Longitudinal Modeling Of Early Hiv Burden In The Central Nervous System, Victor Diego Armengol

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The dynamics of plasma HIV replication during early infection including establishment of a viral set-point are well-known. However, the course of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS) after initial entry of HIV into this compartment is less understood. Using longitudinal samples, we modeled the natural history of HIV RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma during early HIV prior to initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Participants with primary HIV infection (PHI, within 12 months of initial infection) were enrolled in prospective studies with paired longitudinal sampling of blood and CSF conducted in San Francisco, USA, and Gothenburg, Sweden …

Predictors Of Very Late Onset Infection In Kidney Transplant Recipients At Least Ten Years Post Transplant, Harry Cheung

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Although there have been improved outcomes for kidney transplant recipients, infection is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for long-term kidney transplant survivors (LTKS). This thesis and study aims to investigate the epidemiology of very late onset infections (>10 years post-transplant), or VLOI and clinical markers that can predict these infections.

A single-center, retrospective study of a cohort of patients (≥18 years old) who underwent kidney transplantation between 2003-2009 and survived for at least 10 years post transplantation was conducted. The primary outcome studied was the occurrence of VLOI. The data collected included transplant data, patient co-morbidities, …

Sleep Apnea In Veterans With Schizophrenia: Estimating Prevalence And Impact On Cognition, Stephen Edward Ghazikhanian

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The cognitive impairments of schizophrenia drive the functional disability of the illness but are difficult to treat. One barrier to effective cognitive interventions may be medical illnesses that compromise cognition and are over-represented in people with schizophrenia. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is treatable, causes reversible impairments in many cognitive domains also affected by schizophrenia, and is likely under-diagnosed in people with schizophrenia. We have estimated the prevalence of OSA in schizophrenia, both by self-report and with a predictive model, and characterized the associations between OSA and cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia, using a large dataset of 3942 patients with …

Pre-Operative Urinary Tract Infection And 30-Day Outcomes In Neurosurgery, James Yoon

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection in the United States, placing significant demands on our healthcare system already constrained by rising costs and limited resources. While patient complications occur in all areas of surgery, the issue around neurosurgical patients deserves special attention as treatment of surgical site infections in neurosurgery is the most expensive among all surgical specialties. Complication rates are also disproportionately higher in patients over 65 years old, which are noteworthy in caring for our aging patient population.

While the adverse effects of a post-operative UTI have been well described in the surgical literature, …

Use Of Image Processing Techniques And Machine Learning For Better Understanding Of T Gondii Biology, Amer Asiri

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

Almost one in every three people worldwide is infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The biology and growth of the parasite’s bradyzoite form in host tissue cysts are not well understood. T. gondii’s metabolic state influences the morphology of its single mitochondrion, which can be visualized using fluorescence microscopy with specific dyes. Hence, fluorescence microscopy images of cysts purified from infected mouse brains carry biological information about bradyzoites, the poorly understood form of the parasite within them. With the help of fluorescence microscopy techniques, previous studies extracted images of the mitochondrion, nucleus, and the inner membrane complex (IMC) …

Colonial Contraception: American Birth Control Advocates And Their Work In Appalachia, Puerto Rico, And India; 1930-1970, Dana Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--History

By the beginning of the twentieth century, the development of better contraceptives and changing cultural attitudes led to an increased interest in contraceptive research. Although major political, legal, social, religious, and cultural obstacles remained, birth control advocates began to perform clinical trials to identify effective contraceptives and to disseminate contraceptive information. These trials began in the United States, but birth control advocates quickly introduced them into other areas. In this dissertation, I examine the research efforts of the American birth control movement through an analysis of the activities and discourse of its key advocates and promoters during the middle decades …

Response Of Dopaminergic System To Cocaine Exposure, Recovery After Cocaine Abstinence, And Impact Of A Long-Acting Cocaine Hydrolase, Jing Deng

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Cocaine produces its physiological effects by targeting multiple proteins in the central nervous system, particularly by binding with dopamine transporter (DAT) to block the normal dopamine (DA) recycling process. This process along with the pleasure feeling would wear off shortly after the abstinence from the drug. However, chronic cocaine use is associated with neuroadaptations in the dopaminergic system, including increases in the density of DAT on plasma membrane of dopaminergic neurons. Given the critical role of DAT in neurotransmission, various studies have been carried out on animal models to learn its structure, function, and distribution. Long-standing evidence supports that DAT …

Addressing Ascertainment Bias In The Study Of Cardiovascular Disease Burden In Opioid Use Disorders - Application Of Natural Language Processing Of Electronic Health Records, Jade Huang Singleton

Theses and Dissertations--Epidemiology and Biostatistics

In the United States, the prevalence of long-term exposure to opioid drugs, for both medically and nonmedically indicated purposes, has increased considerably since the mid-1990’s. Concerns have emerged about the potential health effects of opioid use. There is also growing interest in other possible connections with opioid use including cardiovascular disease. Electronic health records (EHR) contain information about patient care in the form of structured codes and unstructured notes. Natural language processing (NLP) provides a tool for processing unstructured textual data in EHR clinical notes and extracts useful information for research with structured formats. The purpose of this dissertation was …

Opioid Use Disorder Treatment With Buprenorphine: Analysis Of Treatment Utilization And Associated Outcomes In Kentucky, Feitong Lei

Theses and Dissertations--Epidemiology and Biostatistics

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is chronic opioid use that results in clinically significant suffering, impairment, or even death. The opioid epidemic in the United States has become a public health and economic crisis, affecting patients' well-being and the nation's overall health and welfare. Eastern Kentucky was among the first regions affected by the opioid crisis, and Kentucky has historically ranked among the top five states for age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rate.

There are three medications (buprenorphine, methadone, naltrexone) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat OUD. As a partial opioid agonist, buprenorphine is a safe medication for …

Nutritional Status In Critical Care Of Covid-19 Patients, Dolph Lewis Davis Iii

Theses and Dissertations--Nutrition and Food Systems

Critical care nutrition is a poorly researched, and such a sudden pandemic event requiring manipulation of nutritional status via propofol-induced sedation for mechanical ventilation is potentially impactful on patient outcomes. This paper seeks to provide context to the impact of critical care protocols on the nutritional status of obese patients suffering from COVID-19.

Dissecting The Role Of Actin-Myosin Motor And Calcium – Based Organelle Secretion In Motility Of Sarcocystis Neurona, Parul Suri

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that causes a rare neurological disorder in horses called Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM). Apicomplexa use actin-myosin based motor and organelle secretion to interact with the host cell and invade it. Despite the importance of motility and invasion-needed factors, the mechanisms by which S. neurona employs host cell association strategies to interact remains largely undefined. To address this knowledge gap, we hypothesize that just like other Apicomplexa, S. neurona utilizes actin polymerization for substrate-dependent gliding. Moreover, we also hypothesize that micronemes of S. neurona secrete proteins that are calcium-dependent. Based on previous studies in T. …

The Microbiome Of The Equine Roundworm, Parascaris Spp., Jennifer Lynn Cain

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Parasitic nematodes, including the large roundworms colloquially known as ascarids, affect the health and well-being of livestock animals worldwide. The equine ascarid, Parascaris spp., was the first ascarid parasite to develop wide-spread anthelmintic drug resistance, with other species slowly following suit. There are no new classes of anthelmintics currently in development, and a solution to the ever-increasing prevalence of resistance is desperately needed. The microbiome has been shown to be an important factor in the fitness and health of many organisms and changes to microbiome composition have been associated with a plethora of diseases. The microbiome is also important to …

Bat Activity On West Virginia Mined Lands Restored Via The Forestry Reclamation Approach, Briana C. Snyder

Theses and Dissertations--Forestry and Natural Resources

The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) is a practical guide to reforesting surface mined lands. Bats, as a unique group of species with declining populations, could benefit from this reforestation. In order to determine if the FRA is providing suitable bat foraging habitat, I surveyed bat activity at created depressional wetlands on 1-year old and 8-year old FRA restored lands (FRA1; FRA8), as well as at naturally formed wetlands in regenerating forest on traditionally reclaimed mined land (~40 years old; REGEN) and wetlands in mature forest not previously mined (MAT). I passively recorded echolocation calls for 12 nights across sixteen sites …

Achieving Parity Of Coverage Between Mental And Physical Health Care, Erica A. Fishel

Student Works

No abstract provided.

No Shot, No School: The Case For Eliminating The Religious Exemption To Mandatory Vaccinations, Marc L. Rein

Student Works

No abstract provided.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Antimony Cyanoximates For Microbiological Studies, Seth Adu Amankrah

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms (such as MRSA and alike) represent a real and significant threat to the health and wellbeing of the general population. The search for new compounds of non-antibiotic nature that act as antimicrobial agents is an important task with obvious practical applications in the biomedical field. Metal-based coordination and organometallic compounds that demonstrate antimicrobial activity was found to exhibit a completely different mode of action compared to antibiotics. That suggests the absence of the mechanism of developing tolerance to these types of compounds at least for 30 - 40 years. Thus, there are numerous organotin (IV), silver (I), …

Wellness Education For The Food Insecure Population, Erin M. Grensteiner

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Food insecurity is a problem facing the United States that often has few solutions. Those who face the challenges of food insecurity are known as the food-insecure population. Since the persistence of food insecurity, poorer health outcomes have become positively associated with the food-insecure population. After reviewing the literature, it was found that difficulties with the occupations of maintaining personal and home hygiene and resource seeking were prevalent and found to lead to poorer health outcomes. Difficulties with maintaining personal and home hygiene were found to stem from a lack of access or money to spend on personal and home …

Anthropological Responses To Covid-19 In The Philippines, Gideon Lasco

Development Studies Faculty Publications

This article reflects on the roles anthropologists have played in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, and identifies the challenges – from the methodological to the political – they faced in fulfilling these roles. Drawing on the author's personal and professional experiences in the country, as well as on interviews with other anthropologists, this article identifies three major roles for anthropologists: conducting ethnographic research; bearing witness to the pandemic through first-person accounts; and engaging various publics. All these activities have contributed to a greater recognition of the role of the social sciences in health crises, even as anthropologists …