Digital Commons Network^™

Strengthening Local Government To Enhance Flood Risk Management:A Case Study Of Xay District, Lao Pdr., Souksamay Manhmanyvong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The Xay district of Lao PDR is vulnerable to flooding because around 80% of the total geographic area consists of mountains, rivers, and tributaries. While the district has limited coping capability. Therefore, strengthening the local government to enhance flood risk management was investigated in the present study with the following four objectives. Desk research, on-site observation, in-depth interviews, and expert focus group were used for data collection. The study found that local people always suffer from flooding in the Xay district almost every year because the district locates on a high mountain surrounded by canals and a high population along …

Characterization And Property Investigation Of Novel Human Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors In Lung Cancer Cell Lines, Makamas Chanda

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

G6PD plays fundamental roles in many cellular processes, including redox balance and lipid and nucleotide synthesis. Overexpression of G6PD is required to promote the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, including lung cancer. Targeting G6PD is a prominent strategy to inhibit cancer cell progression. Finding novel natural compounds with anticancer properties to inhibit G6PD activity needs to be investigated. Our study indicated that SJ006, which is 1,2-naphthoquinone, promoted cytotoxic activity against NSCLC cell lines. Interestingly, SJ006 exhibited a direct inhibitory effect on G6PD activity without interfering with mRNA or protein levels, which were strongly observed in both A549 and H292. …

How Flash Manufacturing Pmi Is Affecting The U.S. Stock Market. An Empirical Study, Thurein Htet Myat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the US Flash Manufacturing PMI news releases, returns, and volatilities of Russell 1000 and 2000 indexes. Using an autoregressive (AR) and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, the study examines data from January 2015 to November 2022, encompassing both pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. The statistical analysis indicates that these news releases do not significantly influence stock returns, supporting the efficient market hypothesis. Various factors, including measurement errors and the unique circumstances of the Covid-19 pandemic, likely overshadowed the impact of PMI news releases. Additionally, the analysis finds no significant …

Risk Shifting In Mutual Funds: Evidence In Thailand, Suphitcha Ekjariyakorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The paper aims to examine whether risk-shifting behavior exists in Thai equity mutual funds or not. The empirical analysis studies the period from 2005 to 2022. It is investigated that risk-shifting behavior exists in Thailand by having compensation and employment incentive influences fund managers’ decision on risk shifting. Firstly, this study uses the states of the market which are positive and negative market returns as the proxy of compensation and employment incentive, respectively. The finding is illustrated that mid-year losers take more risk of the portfolio in the latter half of the year in both positive and negative market return …

The Impact Of Audit Quality On Trading Suspension Propensity; Detection In Thailand, Kulthida Surattachaipong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Based on each direct evidence consists of actual cases disclosed by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and indirect evidence consists of suspected cases detected by the identification model of trading suspension propensity. This study aimed to examine the relationship between audit quality aspects and trading suspensions of listed companies in Thailand, as well as the changes in this relationship after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research utilized สำคัญ obtained from the annual reports and financial statements of 263 companies listed on the SET50 and MAI indexes, covering the periods of 2016 to 2018 and 2020 to 2022. …

The Moderating Effect Of Stock Price On The Relationship Between Earnings Quality And Dividend Payments : A Study Of Thai Listed Companies, Jirayu Boonyuen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research paper has the objective to investigate and examine the basic relationship on the dividend policy and the earnings quality of companies in Thai stock market, by covering all the industries. The proxies for the earning qualities include a total of four proxies which are earnings persistence, accruals quality, earnings informativeness, and timely loss recognition. Moreover, this research paper also further examines the incentive of dividend policy of companies under Thai stock market by applying the dividend signaling Theory and the information content of dividends hypothesis. The incentive of dividend policy can be viewed as the signal sending by …

Human Health Risk Assessment Related With Heavy Metals Contamination In Rice: A Case Study In Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia, Dian Islamiati

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Heavy metal pollution is still one of the environmental problems globally, including Indonesia. One of these contaminations comes from agricultural products such as rice. Heavy metal contamination in rice is known to cause various health problems. This study aimed (1) To find Heavy metals concentration in Indonesian local rice (2) To find Non-cancer risk related to heavy metals contaminations in rice (3) To find cancer risk related to heavy metals contaminations in rice (4) To find association between associated factors with risk related to heavy metals contaminations in rice. The rice was collected from the 3 biggest local markets in …

An Exploratory Study Of Online Socialising And Hiv-Related High-Risk Sexual Behavior Among University Students In Chengdu, People’ S Republic Of China, Qin Bo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Young students in China have emerged as a high-risk demographic for HIV infection. Recent research findings confirm that engaging in unprotected sex with multiple partners remains the primary contributor to HIV transmission. However, in light of the ever-evolving landscape of network socialization and the deepening comprehension of HIV among young students, their attitudes and behaviors towards the virus have exhibited distinct characteristics. This study focuses on university and college students in Chengdu as the target population, aiming to comprehensively comprehend the present state and distinctive patterns of their sexual conduct, particularly high-risk sexual behavior. Moreover, it investigates the influence of …

Mixture Toxicity Of Tio2 Nps And Tetracycline At Two Trophic Levels In The Marine Ecosystem: Chlorella Sp. And Artemia Salina, V Thiagarajan, R Seenivasan, D Jenkins, N Chandrasekaran, A Mukherjee

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Anomaly Detection With Vision-Based Deep Learning For Epidemic Prevention And Control, Hooman Samani, Chan Yun Yang, C Li, Chia Ling Chung, S Li

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

During the COVID-19 pandemic, people were advised to keep a social distance from others. People’s behaviors will also be noticed, such as lying down because of illness, regarded as abnormal conditions. This paper proposes a visual anomaly analysis system based on deep learning to identify individuals with various anomaly types. In the study, two types of anomaly detections are concerned. The first is monitoring the anomaly in the case of falling in an open public area. The second is measuring the social distance of people in the area to warn the individuals under a short distance. By implementing a deep …

Correct Generation Of The Bound Set-Down For Surface Gravity Wave Groups In Laboratory Experiments Of Intermediate To Shallow Depth, William Mortimer, Alison Raby, Alessandro Antonini, Deborah Greaves, Den Bremer T Van

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Epidemiological Models, Parameters, And Prediction Of The Covid-19 Outbreak In A Southwest Georgia Hotspot, Daniel F. Linder, William M. Sewell Iii, Jack D. Owens, Jim Franklin, Mark Miller, Casey Newton, Priyank Shah

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: We investigate epidemiological models, their parameters, and the models’ predictive performance of daily new cases during the first three weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a southwest Georgia hotspot.

Methods: We fit stochastic versions of the classical SIR, a network-based SIR, an SEIR model with two different priors on the latent period rate parameter, and a simple doubling time model to SARS-CoV-2 patients’ date of hospital admission and length of symptoms data from the Phoebe Putney Health System.

Results: The estimated basic reproductive numbers and 95% Bayesian credible intervals for each of the models were: 1.98 (1.63, 2.45) for …

An Analysis Of Georgia Mothers Who Gave Birth In 2015 And 2016 Without Receiving Prenatal Care, Joncel Stephens, Shanta R. Dube, Merrilee Gober

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: The present study characterizes the population of women residing in the state of Georgia who did not receive prenatal care before giving birth to a live infant. The association between mother’s place of residence (rural/non-rural) and preterm delivery was also examined.

Methods: This study examined data obtained from the Georgia Department of Public Health which includes data for 7,062 mothers who did not receive prenatal care before giving birth to a live infant in Georgia in the years 2015 and 2016. Data on the resulting births was also studied. Descriptive analyses of the following variables were used …

“Someone You Love” Documentary: Using Narratives In Entertainment Media To Increase Hpv Vaccination In Georgia, Gabrielle C. Darville- Sanders, Jann Macinnes, Kelsey Schwarz

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Although HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States, vaccination rates are still lagging among adolescents and young adults. Entertainment-education is a popular strategy for incorporating educational messages into entertainment media. With popular shows on television now integrating health messages into their narrative, there are more opportunities to influence knowledge, attitude and health behaviors. Objective: To (a) determine the effectiveness of the HPV narrative included in the “Someone You love” documentary on HPV risk perception, vaccine self-efficacy and behavioral intention for HPV vaccine uptake on college students and (b) assess the immediate impact of the …

Can Mini Grant Programs Address Community Health Improvement Plans In Rural Areas? A Local Evaluation, Kelley Ditzel, Cameron Watts

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: In the rural community of Hancock County, Georgia, it became apparent in the summer of 2017 that outside help was necessary to address the failing health and education problems plaguing this area. The North Central Health District received Healthcare Georgia Foundation grant leading to the creation of the Hancock Health Improvement Partnership (HHIP) composed of 11 community leaders who developed the Community Health Improvement Plan to positively impact their county.

Methods: This evaluation was conducted to report the efficacy of the mini grant program developed by the HHIP, particularly how grants could best improve organizational capacity, incentivize community collaborations, …

Barriers And Facilitators To Conducting Physical Activity Interventions In Children's Camps, Silvia Q. Giraudo, Jordan Merideth, Barbara M. Grossman

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Previous research has sought to uncover various behavior factors that contribute to childhood physical activity, but have primarily relied on quantitative methods or within the context of schools. Summer day camps offered potential for increasing activity of youth, but research is required to determine how best to convert camp activity into outreach interventions.

Methods: The University of Georgia Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved all methods and procedures prior to the start of the study (STUDY00004692, MOD00005513). A total of 112 campers ages 9-13 participated in the data collection. This research used semi-structured interviews, surveys, and observations to …

Perception Of Health Care Access In Rural Georgia: Findings From A Community Health Needs Assessment Survey, Elisa M. Childs, Tiffany R. Washington

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Limited access to health care services has been cited as a barrier to care for individuals who live in rural areas, contributing to significant health disparities in this population. While perception of services has been cited as a determinant of utilization of health services, it is unknown how perception of services influences health care access in rural areas. The paucity of studies specific to areas in the United States that are medically underserved, necessitated this study and its quantification of the issues that are relevant to individuals living in rural Georgia.

Methods: This study examined the perception of health …

Selective Participation In Syphilis Partner Services And Implications For Control Efforts, Fulton County, Georgia, 2013-2015, Sarah Hamid, Udodirim N. Onwubiko, David P. Holland, Allison T. Chamberlain

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background. Partner services is an important component of syphilis control, but not all persons with syphilis participate, limiting the strategy’s potential effectiveness and possibly introducing selection biases into analyses of risk factors for reinfection. This study aimed to describe demographic and clinical differences between partner-services participants and non-participants in Fulton County, Georgia, and to assess the association between participation and syphilis re-diagnosis.

Methods. Using surveillance data, we identified primary and secondary syphilis cases in Fulton County with a first diagnosis in 2013-2015. We compared the distributions of demographic and clinical characteristics between participants and non-participants using chi-squared tests. …

Elderly Educated Blacks And The Influence Of Exercise Identity, Self-Determination, And Social Determinants Of Health On Physical Activity, George Leonard Shaw Jr., Miles Anthony Irving

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

ABSTRACT:

Background: This study examined the influence of socio-economic status (SES), exercise self-definition, and self-determination variables on physical activity participation among African American retirees.

Methods: Both African American men and women, of at least 60 years of age, were surveyed. All participants lived independently. The data collected included demographic, Godin Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (LTPA), Exercise Self-Definition Questionnaire (ESD), Behavioral Regulations Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2), and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (BPNES). The findings and analysis were conducted using data from149 participants.

Results: Only gender was a statistically significant predictor of physical activity participation in the study. Based on …

Role Of Community-Level Health Behaviors And Social Determinants Of Health In Preventable Hospitalizations, Elizabeth Ayangunna, Kingsley A. Kalu, Gulzar H. Shah

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background

Hospitalizations contribute significantly to the country’s health expenditures. There are factors in addition to clinical care that determines whether a community can prevent hospitalizations from certain medical conditions.

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain the role of community-level health behaviors and social determinants of health (SDoH) in preventable hospitalizations.

Methods

This study used secondary data from the 2021 County Health Rankings for 8 states in HHS Region 4--Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, and Tennessee. Descriptive analyses and multivariate linear regression were computed to examine the association between the dependent variable- preventable hospitalizations …

Impact Of Public Health Nurse Training On Their Perception To Provide Hypertension And Diabetes Care To Patients In Their Communities., Stephen Goggans, Jean O'Connor, Elena A. Wood, Elizabeth Sacksteder Laclair, Kathryn Martin, Paul Wallach

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

To evaluate the impact of protocol training by a medical school and public health department on nurses’ perceptions to deliver care to patients with hypertension and diabetes.

Training was delivered using the Georgia Diabetes and Hypertension Nurse protocols for public health nurses. A survey was developed and distributed post training to participants. The training included lectures, workshops, case discussions, simulation, and physical examination practice on standardized patients. Participants were asked about perceptions, both before and after training completion regarding frequency in changing practice and confidence in treating hypertension and diabetes for six items.

Perceived levels of confidence for all questionnaire …

Addressing Maternal Mental Health Among Black Perinatal Women In Atlanta, Georgia: A Cbpr Approach, Natalie Hernandez, Sherilyn Francis, Brielle Evans, Andrea G. Parker, Jemea Dorsey, Danette Mclaurin Glass, Mica Whitfield, Elise Blasingame, Pamela Braxton, Rasheeta Chandler

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are the most common complication of pregnancy, affecting up to 1 in 5 childbearing women, with higher rates among low-income minority women. One in seven women suffer from perinatal depression. This study aimed to (1) assess the mental and emotional health challenges of underserved Black perinatal women in Atlanta, Georgia (GA) and (2) examine local priorities and sources of care for mental health among underserved women in Atlanta, GA.

Methods: A community-based participatory research partnership between Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM) and the Center for Black Women’s Wellness (CBWW)’s Atlanta Healthy Start Community …

Barriers To Hiv Related Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (Msm) In Rural Georgia, Jordan D. Helms, Alvin Tran, Neal Carnes, Eric J. Nehl

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the Southeastern United States are at high risk of contracting HIV, and those in rural communities experience challenges in accessing HIV prevention and treatment.

Methods: Seven health care workers and 17 MSM in rural health care districts participated in semi-structured interviews. A theory-informed thematic analysis approach was used to summarize and compare perspectives between health care workers and MSM participants.

Results: Stigma, insufficient resources, and social structures of rural life emerged as barriers to accessing HIV-related services

Conclusions: Overcoming these barriers are necessary to reduce HIV infection …

Cyberbullying In Middle School Students: An Intervention Using An Educational Mobile Application For Caregivers: A Pilot Study, Gregory C. Claxton

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Cyberbullying among middle school students is a growing problem that is shown to affect psychological development in middle school youth which can result in self-harm and suicide. Evidence suggests more frequent communication between children and their caregivers is a protective factor against cyberbullying. The KnowBullying app is designed to increase caregiver and student communication to prevent bullying. This study examines the effectiveness of the KnowBullying app regarding enhanced caregiver and child communication and cyberbullying experience reduction in middle school students. Five students and nine caregivers were given surveys before and after the caregivers downloaded and used the KnowBullying app. The …

Air Pollutant Levels And Asthma Emergency Room Visits In A Highly Populous Us Urban County During 2018-19, Osaremhen Ikhile, Jingjing Yin, Atin Adhikari

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Objective: Air pollutants are linked to asthma exacerbation. The study purpose was to demonstrate an association between air pollutants levels and asthma emergency room (ER) visit trends in a highly populated US urban county in Georgia during 2018-2019.

Methods: Time series analyses were conducted for the variations in daily numbers of children and adult asthma emergency room visits and changes in daily mean PM_2.5, daily mean PM₁₀ concentrations, daily max 1-hour SO₂ concentrations, daily max 1-hour NO₂ concentrations, daily max 8-hour ozone concentrations, and airborne pollen loads for 2018 to 2019 and potential trends were …

Oral Medicine Education For Medical Students - A Retrospective Evaluation Of The Course In Mackay Medical College From 2016 To 2021, Hung-Pin Lin, Ling-Hsia Wang, Tzu-Chiang Lin, Feng-Chou Cheng, Chun-Pin Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose The oral medicine education for medical students is very important and a necessary part for the comprehensive medical education. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral medicine course for medical students by evaluating students' perspectives and the instructor's observation. Materials and methods The medical students who took the compulsory course entitled “Introduction to Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine” in MacKay Medical College from 2016 to 2021 were invited to fill out the questionnaire for course satisfaction survey regarding their satisfied level with the course and their feelings about the instructors or suggestions, and the participatory observation …

The Impact Of Integrating Oral Health Education Into A Microbiology Curriculum For Students Of Department Of Life Science, Feng-Chou Cheng, Ling-Hsia Wang, Tzu-Chiang Lin, Yung-Ta Chang, Ming-Chung Lee, Chun-Pin Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose Good oral health is important for general health of the body. This study aimed to evaluate an innovative design incorporating oral health education related to oral pathogenic bacteria into a microbiology laboratory curriculum for students of department of life science by evaluating the students’ perspectives on the oral health curriculum. Materials and methods Twenty-six students who took the elective course entitled “Microbiology Laboratory” in the National Taiwan Normal University in 2022 were invited to fill out the questionnaire for a presurvey regarding their familiarity with basic oral health concepts, and a postsurvey in which the students answered the …

The Impact Of Integrating Oral Health Education Into A Human Physiology Curriculum For Students Of Early Childhood Education, Ming-Chung Lee, Ling-Hsia Wang, Tzu-Chiang Lin, Yung-Ta Chang, Feng-Chou Cheng, Chun-Pin Chiang

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose The good oral health plays a pivotal role in improving the general health of the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an innovative design incorporating oral health education into a human physiology curriculum for students of early childhood education by evaluating the students’ perspectives on the oral health curriculum. Materials and methods Forty-two first-year students who took the compulsory course entitled “Introduction to Human Physiology” in National Taiwan Normal University in 2022 were invited to fill out the questionnaire for a presurvey regarding their familiarity with basic oral health concepts, and a postsurvey in which …

Air Quality In A Hospital Dental Department, Yi-Shing Shieh, Chien-Tien Hsu, Shih-Chang Hsu, Shau-Ku Huang, Chon-Lin Lee

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose Documented studies demonstrated that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) are relatively high in dental clinics. However, the PM2.5 composition is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the dental department's air quality in a teaching hospital. Materials and methods The SKC AirChek XR5000 pumps and canister samplers were used to collect PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The PM2.5 composition analysis (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals) was conducted, and in the dental clinic and waiting room, the air quality comparison was investigated. Moreover, the dental clinic's air quality was compared before and after air purifier use. Results In the …

Profile Of Dental Use For Diseases Of Pulp And Periapical Tissues Under The National Health Insurance System In Taiwan In 2020, Chun-Pin Chiang, Feng-Chou Cheng

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose The penetration rate of National Health Insurance (NHI) of Taiwan is as high as 99.9%. This study investigated the profile of dental use for diseases of pulp and periapical tissues under the NHI system of Taiwan in 2020. Materials and methods Data on the population and medical records of the NHI system were obtained from the websites of Ministry of the Interior and the NHI Administration, respectively. The dental patient data were divided into 18 age groups to analyze dental treatment records claimed in 2020. Results Under the NHI system in Taiwan in 2020, the dental use rate …