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2021

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The Effects Of Heavy Metal Contamination In Soil On Dna Degradation After Decomposition, Samantha Hofland Jan 2021

The Effects Of Heavy Metal Contamination In Soil On Dna Degradation After Decomposition, Samantha Hofland

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The application of DNA is an ever-expanding field of research with many implications in the field of forensic investigation. Research into DNA obtained from soil is ongoing and suggests a new avenue in forensic investigation. This research seeks to understand the effects of heavy metal on the preservation of DNA within soil after decomposition of remains. Using pigs as a proxy for human remains, the effects of heavy metal contamination on the microbial environment and endogenous pig DNA was observed. This gave broad insight into the effect of surface burial and Western Montana; summer climate has on DNA degradation.

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Summit Learning And Rural Montana Teacher Efficacy, A Phenomenology, C. Roch Turner Jan 2021

Summit Learning And Rural Montana Teacher Efficacy, A Phenomenology, C. Roch Turner

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Following the global COVID-19 pandemic, schools across the United States experimented with online learning platforms. Prior to that, hundreds of schools adopted the Summit Learning platform, meant to supplement face-to-face learning with digital instruction and curricula. This study is a qualitative phenomenology exploring the lived experiences of teachers in two rural Montana schools that have adopted the Summit Learning platform and maintained its use into the pandemic. Participants of this study taught core courses, such as math, science, and history. Results of this study indicate a high level of curriculum modification and support from leadership. Participants reported modified changes to …

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No Answering Riot, Jacob Z. Bienvenue Jan 2021

No Answering Riot, Jacob Z. Bienvenue

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

I left this morning for Portland, Oregon—could be for good. Told my dear mother I was taking a day trip then hopped in her dinged up black Audi and felt the thing hum alive beneath me. Her speakers were still good, so I threw on a playlist with Bob Dylan and Woody Guthrie and all of the ragged traintrack prophets and went roaring out of those gilded hills for hopefully ever. There was no traffic getting to Sacramento; it took me just twenty minutes to hit the I-5 North juncture and after that I went peeling up the central flatlands …

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Ungulates Search For The Ideal Home: How Predation And Forage Differentially Affect Males And Females In A Partially Migratory Population, Hans William Martin Jan 2021

Ungulates Search For The Ideal Home: How Predation And Forage Differentially Affect Males And Females In A Partially Migratory Population, Hans William Martin

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Migration is a strategy used across taxa to access resources in temporally heterogenous landscapes. Migratory species can attain higher abundances because access to higher quality resources, and/or reduction in predation risk. However, most migratory species occur in partially migratory populations, a mix of migratory and non-migratory, resident individuals. I first investigate the potential mechanisms maintaining partial migration in a partially migratory elk (Cervus canadensis) population. I test whether the theory of Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) can explain the coexistence of different migratory tactics in a partially migratory population. IFD predicts that individuals exhibit density-dependent vital rates and should select different …

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Admissions & Bitterroot, Jesse Thomas Nee-Vogelman Jan 2021

Admissions & Bitterroot, Jesse Thomas Nee-Vogelman

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

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Prepare To Pivot: Shifting From The Projection Surface To The Zoom Screen Necessitated By Global Pandemic, David E. Mills-Low Jan 2021

Prepare To Pivot: Shifting From The Projection Surface To The Zoom Screen Necessitated By Global Pandemic, David E. Mills-Low

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Design for theatre is an endeavor in which the physical, the corporeal, the defined, is applied to an ephemeral artform, one meant to happen only in the moment and then fade away. As such, building the world of the theatrical space, whether physical or digital, is similar to shooting at a moving target. While one angle of approach may be perfect for a moment, being ready and flexible enough to pivot, whether to reimagine due to limitation or to adjust an entire project due to calamity, like the shift from in person to online streaming. This paper investigates the joy …

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Developing The Label Avoidance Measure Of Stigma: A Preliminary Psychometric Review, Julia J. Cameron Jan 2021

Developing The Label Avoidance Measure Of Stigma: A Preliminary Psychometric Review, Julia J. Cameron

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Stigma acts as a barrier to treatment for mental health concerns. Label avoidance, one of several different aspects that compose the overarching concept of stigma, captures the stigma involved when individuals avoid social institutions that might confer a psychiatric diagnostic label and would mark them as an individual with a mental health problem. Label avoidance has been described as a key stigma construct in the literature but has been sparsely studied. Answering a call in the field for new, psychometrically sound stigma measures, we created a new measure of label avoidance and acquired initial validity and reliability evidence supporting its …

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Extending Bootstrap Aggregation Of Neural Networks For Prediction With An Application To Covid-19 Forecasting, Mohsen Tabibian Jan 2021

Extending Bootstrap Aggregation Of Neural Networks For Prediction With An Application To Covid-19 Forecasting, Mohsen Tabibian

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The aim of this study is to improve the forecasting accuracy of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and construct prediction bands for ANN models. The focus is on forecasting for epidemiological purposes, and in particular, the problem of predicting new case and death counts from seven to h days into the future for spatially contiguous regions. The task poses several challenges: datasets are quite small, and both spatially and temporally correlated. To overcome these, the methods attempt to exploit information induced by spatial and temporal dependencies. More importantly, we have developed a fusion of ANNs and bootstrap methods. Bootstrap aggregation (bagging) …

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A Large Flock Of Small Birds: Essays, Rebecca Hanna Jacobson Jan 2021

A Large Flock Of Small Birds: Essays, Rebecca Hanna Jacobson

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

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Tropical Plant-Animal Interactions: Linking Defaunation With Seed Predation, And Resource-Dependent Co-Occurrence, Peter Jeffrey Williams Jan 2021

Tropical Plant-Animal Interactions: Linking Defaunation With Seed Predation, And Resource-Dependent Co-Occurrence, Peter Jeffrey Williams

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Plant-consumer interactions can be critical for regulating populations of both plants and animals. In the tropics, many trees rely on animals to disperse their seeds, but many of these dispersers are disappearing, with potentially disastrous consequences for tropical tree species and global carbon storage. Defaunation—the loss of large animals due to factors such as overhunting—can also affect seed fates, either by increasing or decreasing seed predation. We know that defaunation alters these plant-animal interactions, but we still do not know how these changes at early life stages will ultimately affect tropical tree populations. Furthermore, we do not understand how defaunation …

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Concentration And Composition Of Nanoparticles And Colloidal Particles In A Mine-Waste Contaminated River, Kaitlin Rose Perkins Jan 2021

Concentration And Composition Of Nanoparticles And Colloidal Particles In A Mine-Waste Contaminated River, Kaitlin Rose Perkins

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Metals and metalloids (metal(loid)s) in aquatic ecosystems are often described through measures of their concentrations in whole and filtered waters. The filtered fraction is operationally defined as “dissolved,” and assumed to be primarily composed of free metal(loid) ions or of ions bound by low molecular weight organic matter. This definition ignores that the dissolved fraction also likely contains colloidal particles (1 to 1000 nm) that can pass through commonly used filters. This colloidal fraction can also be preferentially removed from the water column by algae and other aquatic organisms compared to free metal(loid) ions and organic bound metal(loid)s. Though they …

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The Influence Of Wildland Urban Interface Areas On Resource Assignments To Large Wildland Fires, Kurt Swimley Jan 2021

The Influence Of Wildland Urban Interface Areas On Resource Assignments To Large Wildland Fires, Kurt Swimley

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

We examine the relationship between U.S. wildfire resource assignments and fire proximity to inhabited areas. Climate change and previous vegetation buildup have enabled more severe fire seasons, while more structures are being developed near vegetated, wildland areas. These changes have contributed to a steep increase in the overall cost of wildfire management, the annual costs of which regularly rise into the billions (NIFC, 2021). Still, the extent to which each driver of suppression costs contributes to the increase in spending is not entirely understood. Previous studies have shown that more suppression resources are allocated to fires near inhabited areas, …

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Small-And Large-Scale Strain Sensing Using Frequency Selective Surfaces, Swathi Muthyala Ramesh, Kristen M. Donnell Jan 2021

Small-And Large-Scale Strain Sensing Using Frequency Selective Surfaces, Swathi Muthyala Ramesh, Kristen M. Donnell

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are arrays of conductive elements or patches that have specific reflection and transmission responses. In this work, an FSS sensor designed to measure small (0% - 0.5%) and large (0% - 5%) scale strain is presented. The proposed unit cell of the sensor consists of two passive dipoles (of different dimensions) arranged normal to one another. This was done to reduce the error of small-scale strain on the large-scale strain measurement, and vice versa. Strain sensing is achieved by monitoring the change in the resonant frequencies of the two dipoles using an interrogating signal linearly polarized …

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Modeling And Simulation Of Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter In Pscad/Emtdc™, Fahd Hariri, Mariesa Crow Jan 2021

Modeling And Simulation Of Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter In Pscad/Emtdc™, Fahd Hariri, Mariesa Crow

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Energy networks are facing significant challenges as the result of increasing electrical loads. To meet this rapid increase in demand for electricity, new generating units are being added to support the stability and reliability of the network. This change in network structure requires a comprehensive analysis of the effect of that increase on the protection system. Limiting the fault current to safe levels prevents replacing the high-cost network components that may be subjected to damage due to exceeding the rated short-circuit current values for which they were designed. A fault analysis often requires extensive modeling and simulation of the system, …

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Multidimensional Extensions To Generalized Averaged Models For Multi-Frequency-Excited Dynamic Systems, Kartikeya Jayadurga Prasad Veeramraju, Jonathan W. Kimball Jan 2021

Multidimensional Extensions To Generalized Averaged Models For Multi-Frequency-Excited Dynamic Systems, Kartikeya Jayadurga Prasad Veeramraju, Jonathan W. Kimball

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, a novel Harmonic Axis Decoupling (HAD) method is proposed for extending the capabilities of the Generalized Averaged Modeling (GAM) technique. The conventional GAM technique is first revisited, and the problems encountered in the multiplication of two Double Fourier Series (DFS) signals in the time domain are investigated. The method of translating Fourier vectors to Discrete Fourier Images (DFI) in the frequency plane is proposed, and the ramifications of this conversion on DFS product terms in the time domain are investigated. The two-dimensional DFI convolution technique resulting from HAD is used for the dynamic modeling of power converters …

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Novel Transformer With Variable Leakage And Magnetizing Inductances, Angshuman Sharma, Jonathan W. Kimball Jan 2021

Novel Transformer With Variable Leakage And Magnetizing Inductances, Angshuman Sharma, Jonathan W. Kimball

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduces the concept of a novel variable inductance transformer (VIT) whose leakage and magnetizing inductances can be varied dynamically and independently to aid the advancement of research in isolated power electronic converters. In this transformer, the leakage inductance can be varied by varying the length of overlap between the primary and secondary windings, while the magnetizing inductance can be varied by varying the air gap between the core legs. Individual controls for the two inductances ensure that one can be varied independent of the other, as needed to satisfy different power conversion objectives. In this paper, the analytical …

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Developing Optimal Energy Arbitrage Strategy For Energy Storage System Using Reinforcement Learning, Haotian Chen, Rui Bo, Waqas Ur Rehman Jan 2021

Developing Optimal Energy Arbitrage Strategy For Energy Storage System Using Reinforcement Learning, Haotian Chen, Rui Bo, Waqas Ur Rehman

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper introduced a reinforcement learning based method for developing operational strategy for an energy storage system (ESS) to achieve energy arbitrage in a microgrid or power system. In comparison to conventional energy resources such as gas turbines units or wind plant, it is more challenging to design an optimal strategy for ESS because of their limited energy and the impact of future electricity prices. The energy arbitrage problem also presents unique challenges than the economic dispatch problem because the ESS owner has very limited information of the system compared to those available to grid operators. In this work, reinforcement …

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An Interleaved Quadratic High Step-Up Dc-Dc Converter With Coupled Inductor, Ramin Rahimi, Saeed Habibi, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Pourya Shamsi Jan 2021

An Interleaved Quadratic High Step-Up Dc-Dc Converter With Coupled Inductor, Ramin Rahimi, Saeed Habibi, Mehdi Ferdowsi, Pourya Shamsi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new high step-up DC-DC converter for renewable energy applications is proposed in this paper. Employing an interleaved quadratic structure, two two-winding coupled inductors (CIs), and voltage multiplier cells (VMCs), the proposed converter can provide high-voltage gains, continuous input current with low ripple, reduced voltage stresses on semiconductors, common ground between input and output sides, and low numbers of components. In addition, diode-capacitor lossless clamp circuits are utilized to limit the voltage stresses of the power switches and further extend the voltage gain. The operating and steady-state analyses, design considerations, and a comparison with other previously published high step-up converters …

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Artificial Neural Networks For Asymmetric Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation-Pwm In Active Power Filters To Meet Power Quality Standards, Amirhossein Moeini, Morteza Dabbaghjamanesh, Jonathan W. Kimball, Jie Zhang Jan 2021

Artificial Neural Networks For Asymmetric Selective Harmonic Current Mitigation-Pwm In Active Power Filters To Meet Power Quality Standards, Amirhossein Moeini, Morteza Dabbaghjamanesh, Jonathan W. Kimball, Jie Zhang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The main objective of an active power filter (APF) is to control the harmonics of nonlinear loads in power systems. In addition, the reactive power (fundamental component of the AC power) at the point of common coupling (PCC) can be compensated by using an APF. This paper investigates a technique for the modulation technique of the active power filters. Using the artificial neural network (ANN) technique, real-time fundamental and harmonic compensations can be achieved for the low-frequency modulation techniques such as asymmetric selective harmonic elimination/mitigation-pulse width modulation (ASHE/ASHM-PWM) and asymmetric selective harmonic current mitigation-PWM (ASHCM-PWM). This means that different phases …

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Sizing Energy Storage System For Energy Arbitrage In Extreme Fast Charging Station, Waqas Ur Rehman, Rui Bo, Hossein Mehdipourpicha, Jonathan W. Kimball Jan 2021

Sizing Energy Storage System For Energy Arbitrage In Extreme Fast Charging Station, Waqas Ur Rehman, Rui Bo, Hossein Mehdipourpicha, Jonathan W. Kimball

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a non-linear programming (NLP) model to optimally size the energy storage system (ESS) and obtain an optimal energy management for energy arbitrage of an extreme fast charging station (XFCS) for electric vehicles (EVs), with minimized total cost of XFCS operation and ESS investment. Different from most reported work on sizing the ESS for EV charging stations, this paper proposes a pragmatic approach to model the ESS life degradation and accurately count the ESS cycles. Moreover, this work incorporates the peak demand charges in the operational cost of the charging station which are often overlooked in the literature. …

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Detection Of Gaussian Attacks In Power Systems Under A Scalable Kalman Consensus Filter Framework, Arnold Fernandes, Rui Bo, Jonathan W. Kimball, Bruce M. Mcmillin Jan 2021

Detection Of Gaussian Attacks In Power Systems Under A Scalable Kalman Consensus Filter Framework, Arnold Fernandes, Rui Bo, Jonathan W. Kimball, Bruce M. Mcmillin

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamic non-linear state-space model of a power-system consisting of synchronous generators, buses, and static loads has been linearized and a linear measurement function has been considered. A distributed dynamic framework for estimating the state vector of the power system has been designed here. This framework employs a type of distributed Kalman filter (DKF) known as a Kalman consensus filter (KCF) which is located at distributed control centers (DCCs) that fuse locally available noise ridden measurements, state vector estimates of neighboring control centers, and a prediction obtained by the linearized model to obtain a filtered state vector estimate. Further, the …

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Fpga-Based Scalable Road Image Stochastic Denosing Approach, Cheolhyeong Park, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim, Minsu Choi Jan 2021

Fpga-Based Scalable Road Image Stochastic Denosing Approach, Cheolhyeong Park, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim, Minsu Choi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This work proposes FPGA-based stochastic computing for efficient and scalable road image stochastic denoising. Stochastic number generators were compared for fields requiring data reliability such as automotive vehicles. The denoising performance of PRNG (Pseudo-Random Number Generator) and LDSG (Low Discrepancy Sequence Generator) are showed in noised KETTI dataset with filtering algorithms. The proposed approach is expected to be easily applied to SoCs with embedded FPGA for lightweight embedded implementation of image denoising algorithms.

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A Time-Domain Computing-In-Memory Micro Using Ring Oscillator, Yixuan He, Minsu Choi, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim Jan 2021

A Time-Domain Computing-In-Memory Micro Using Ring Oscillator, Yixuan He, Minsu Choi, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper proposes a novel time-domain computing-in-memory core that implements XNOR-And-Accumulate (XAC) of XNOR network in 8T SRAM cell. This new technique uses an inverter-based ring oscillator to generate periodic waves whose period represents the accumulation result of the input XNOR values. The circuit is built and simulated using PTM16_HP 16nm CMOS model with a 0.7V power supply. The results show correct functionality, a large signal margin and 463 TOPS/W efficiency. With further exploration, the time-domain computation could be a new candidate for in-memory computing since it has its own superiorities in comparison to mixed-signal or digital methods.

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Stochastic Edge Detection For Fine-Grained Progressive Precision, Youngwook Lee, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim, Minsu Choi Jan 2021

Stochastic Edge Detection For Fine-Grained Progressive Precision, Youngwook Lee, Kyung Ki Kim, Yong Bin Kim, Minsu Choi

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Stochastic Computing (SC) is a method of performing an operation by expressing a probability in a bitstream. This format is simpler than the format of conventional binary computing and can be implemented in hardware with fewer resources. In addition, by using a Low-Discrepancy (LD) sequence, faster convergence can be derived. This paper shows the experimental results of applying SC using LD sequence to edge detection algorithms including Sobel and Roberts Cross to analyze the progressive precision performance and scalability.

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Package Power Distribution Current Density In Applications With Large Transient Currents, Matthew Doyle, Wiren D. Becker, Matteo Cocchini, Kyle Schoneck, Samuel Connor, Layne Berge, Siqi Bai, James L. Drewniak Jan 2021

Package Power Distribution Current Density In Applications With Large Transient Currents, Matthew Doyle, Wiren D. Becker, Matteo Cocchini, Kyle Schoneck, Samuel Connor, Layne Berge, Siqi Bai, James L. Drewniak

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method to model, measure, and characterize a high-transient current in an electrical packaging solution is described herein. These methods help overcome the challenge of generating model to hardware correlation in high current applications. A specialized test platform is developed and used to characterize current density in test hardware. The measurements are used to characterize a custom power distribution network and verify validity of current density predictions. This data is critical in high-current applications for finding and measuring current density through plane pinch points that can cause early failures in the field due to electromigration and delamination.

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Automated Cervical Digitized Histology Whole-Slide Image Analysis Toolbox, Sudhir Sornapudi, Ravitej Addanki, R. Joe Stanley, William V. Stoecker, Rodney Long, Rosemary Zuna, Shellaine R. Frazier, Sameer Antani Jan 2021

Automated Cervical Digitized Histology Whole-Slide Image Analysis Toolbox, Sudhir Sornapudi, Ravitej Addanki, R. Joe Stanley, William V. Stoecker, Rodney Long, Rosemary Zuna, Shellaine R. Frazier, Sameer Antani

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is regarded as a potential precancerous state of the uterine cervix. Timely and appropriate early treatment of CIN can help reduce cervical cancer mortality. Accurate estimation of CIN grade correlated with human papillomavirus type, which is the primary cause of the disease, helps determine the patient's risk for developing the disease. Colposcopy is used to select women for biopsy. Expert pathologists examine the biopsied cervical epithelial tissue under a microscope. The examination can take a long time and is prone to error and often results in high inter-and intra-observer variability in outcomes. Methodology: We propose …

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Decoupling Of Antennas With Adjacent Frequency Bands, Min Li, Lijun Jiang, Lawrence Kwan Yeung Jan 2021

Decoupling Of Antennas With Adjacent Frequency Bands, Min Li, Lijun Jiang, Lawrence Kwan Yeung

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A decoupling device called cascaded power dividing decoupling network (C-PDDN) is presented for two antennas operating in adjacent frequency bands. Design formulas are derived to determine parametrical variables for high isolation. A prototype of a testing array consisting of two base-station dipole antennas is realized on a Rogers PCB for demonstration purposes. Simulated and experimental results show that good impedance matching, and high isolation are achieved simultaneously after adopting the C-PDDN.

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Data-Driven Identification Of Governing Partial Differential Equations For The Transmission Line Systems, Yanming Zhang, Lijun Jiang Jan 2021

Data-Driven Identification Of Governing Partial Differential Equations For The Transmission Line Systems, Yanming Zhang, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Discovering governing equations for transmission line is essential for the study on its properties, especially when the nonlinearity is introduced in a transmission line system. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven approach for deriving the governing partial differential equations based on the spatial-temporal samples of current and voltage in the transmission line system. The proposed method is based on the ridge regression algorithm to determine the active spatial differential terms from the candidate library that includes nonlinear functions, in which the time and spatial derivatives are estimated by using polynomial interpolation. Three examples, including uniform and nonuniform transmission …

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Design Of Dual-Band Decoupling Network For Two Antennas, Min Li, Lijun Jiang, Kwan Lawrence Yeung Jan 2021

Design Of Dual-Band Decoupling Network For Two Antennas, Min Li, Lijun Jiang, Kwan Lawrence Yeung

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a dual-band decoupling network for two antennas. Design formulas are derived with systematic design procedures. Two benchmarks are presented to elaborate on the design procedure. Results show that the network offers impedance matching, high isolation, and high efficiency at both frequencies, verifying the proposed concept and theory.

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Multi-Polarization Phase Retrieval In Near Field Far-Field Transformation, Yuan Ping, Lijun Jiang Jan 2021

Multi-Polarization Phase Retrieval In Near Field Far-Field Transformation, Yuan Ping, Lijun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In near field far-field transformation (NFFFT), accurate recovery of the current distribution is subjected to the phase measurement. Phase retrieval is an alternative way to recover the current distribution by utilizing the magnitude-only near field sampling data. In phase retrieval algorithm, sufficient independent measurement data are required. Multi-polarization algorithm is employed to generate different current distribution, then, obtaining more independent near field data. Experimental validations of a numeric examples show its potentialities and interest.

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