Digital Commons Network^™

Campylobacteriosis Transmission Dynamics In Humans: Modeling The Effects Of Public Health Education, Treatment, And Sanitation, Furaha Chuma, Zubeda Mussa

Tanzania Journal of Science

An epidemic model for the dynamics of campylobacteriosis disease with public health education, treatment, and sanitation control strategies was formulated and analyzed. The stabilities of the equilibrium points were analyzed by using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The effective reproduction number was computed by using the Next Generation Matrix method. Numerical simulations were carried out and the results showed that, public health education has a substantial influence on the reduction of the effective reproduction number. Moreover, treatment and sanitation control strategies have also shown significant reduction of infected individuals from the respective population.Keywords: Campylobacteriosis; public health education; treatment; sanitation.

Physicochemical And Sensory Evaluation Of Mixed Juices From Banana, Pineapple And Passion Fruits During Storage, Victor Matabura, Oscar Kibazohi

Tanzania Journal of Science

Juices from fresh fruits offer various health benefits, including strengthening the immune system and preventing diseases. Mixed fruit juices tend to have good nutritional contents and organoleptic properties like colour, flavour, taste, and overall appeal of different fruits. This work investigated the physicochemical and sensory attributes of fruit juice of low viscosity banana juice blended with pineapple and passion juices. The prepared juices were pasteurised at 92 °C for 15 s, bottled in air-tight glass bottles, and subsequently stored in two different conditions: an ambient temperature of approximately 28 ± 2 °C and a fridge at 4 ºC for one …

Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel In Seawater By 2,4,6-Triamino-3-Pentadecylphenyl Acetate Derived From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Emanuel Ricky, Esther Lugwisha, Joseph Philip

Tanzania Journal of Science

The corrosion inhibition performance of 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate on mild steel in seawater at stationary condition, 30 °C and pH 8 was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 93% was found in the presence of 300 ppm of 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate for both potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that 2,4,6-triamino-3-pentadecylphenyl acetate acts as a mixed type inhibitor which influences more the anodic processes. The Nyquist plots revealed that the polarization resistance (Rp) increases whereas the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) and corrosion current density (icorr) decrease as the concentrations of …

Wastewater Clarification And Microbial Load Reduction Using Agro-Forestry And Agricultural Wastes, Joel Njewa, Ephraim Vunain, Timothy Biswick

Tanzania Journal of Science

Five agro-wastes, namely: cassava peels, Irish potato peels, Jatropha curcas seeds, Moringa oleifera seeds and rice husks were investigated as plant-based coagulants for turbidity and microbial load removal from sewage wastewater. Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas seeds before usage were defatted with 95% ethanol and the active coagulating component was extracted with 1.0 M NaCl. For the other three agro-wastes, their ashes were evaluated for turbidity and microbial load removal. The ash was prepared through pyrolysis of the raw biomass at a temperature of 800 °C for 3 h. The effect of pH, coagulant dose, settling time on turbidity reduction …

Characterization, Antimicrobial And Toxicity Studies Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Opuntia Ficus Indica Leaves Extracts From Effurun, Delta State, Christiana Ogwuche, Harrison Moses

Tanzania Journal of Science

The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reacting silver nitrate, a metal precursor with the extract obtained from the leaves of Opuntia ficus indica, which acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Formation of silver nanoparticles was indicated by colour change from light yellow to dark brown which was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy showing surface plasmon band at 369 nm resulting from relatively small amount of reductive biomolecules for the silver ion reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis gave the morphology of the nanoparticles and showed that the silver particles were of spherical shape. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer presented …

Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated From Mufindi Paper Mill Industrial Effluent, Iringa Tanzania, Erick Sinza, Aneth Mwakilili, Cyprian Mpinda, Sylvester Lyantagaye

Tanzania Journal of Science

Effluent and effluent-contaminated soil samples collected from Mufindi Paper Mill Limited, Iringa Tanzania were investigated for the presence of cellulolytic bacteria. The components of cellulase are endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase and these are very important for complete hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose monomers. Isolates were grown on nutrient agar and screened for cellulolytic activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar plates using Gram’s iodine solution. Cellulases activities; endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase were assayed using CMC, avicel and cellobiose substrates, respectively by dinitrosalicyclic acid method. Out of 17 cellulolytic isolates obtained, crude enzyme extracts of only five isolates expressed all cellulases activities, the …

Acetylcholinesterase Activity And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Fiddler Crabs (Austruca Occidentalis) Along The Coastal Mangrove Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, James Lugata, Flora Stephano, Harishchandra Pratap

Tanzania Journal of Science

The aquatic organisms such as crustaceans serve as bioindicators of the environmental stressors which affect the aquatic ecosystems. The present study assessed environmental health status through fiddler crabs (Austruca occidentalis) towards oxidative stress biomarkers and AChE activity in mangroves with different levels of salinity and environmental contamination. Fiddler crabs were collected from Mtoni Kijichi, Kunduchi and Mbweni, which experience different levels of contamination from high to low along the Dar es Salaam coastline. Malondialdehyde the biomarker of oxidative stress was analysed by lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay and AChE activity was tested using Ellman assay in the crab tissues (muscles, hepatopancreas …

Effects Of Time On Ph, Total Bacteria Counts, And Total Hydrocarbon Contents In The Bioremediation Of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Indigenous Bio-Stimulants, Ita Uwidia, Osalodion Uwidia

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of time on pH, total bacteria counts, and total hydrocarbon contents in the bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants. Dried soil samples (500 g each) were weighed each into seven different plastic bowls, and each bowl was contaminated with 10 g of crude oil. Six of the contaminated soil samples in six of the plastic bowls were amended with a combination of pig waste and sawdust as bio-stimulants in the ratio of 1:1 in amounts of 150 g, 125 g, 100 g, 75 g, 50 …

Analysis Of Repeated Milk Yields And Composition Traits By Mixed Models For Crossbred Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows, Ewonetu Senbeta, Kefelegn Kefenie, Adane Abebe

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study evaluated the effects of milking month, milking time, and lactation stage on milk yield and composition traits of crossbred dairy cows. Twelve crossbred Holstein Friesian cows with the same parity were purposefully selected and categorized into three groups; each consisting of four. All cows were individually managed for 120 days. Milk yield record was done every day for the morning and evening time whereas milk samples were taken every fifteen-day intervals. Data collected were analysed by PROC MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4. The “morning milkings” in all milking months showed the highest variations for “milk yield” whereas the …

Effectiveness Of Common Household Washing Of Tomatoes On The Removal Of Pesticide Residues, John Mahugija, Flaviana Ngabala, Faustin Ngassapa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The effectiveness of common household washing processes of tomatoes on the removal of pesticide residues was investigated in Iringa, Tanzania. Analyses of cleaned-up extracts were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nine pesticide residues were detected in unwashed and washed samples. The compounds detected were chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, endosulfan sulphate, endosulfan ether, lambda cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and metalaxyl. The concentrations of chlorothalonil, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, cypermethrin and lambda cyhalothrin in some unwashed and washed samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Washing reduced the concentrations of chlorothalonil and endosulfan sulphate in tomatoes by 22.2–98.0% (mean = 70%) and 33.3–55.6% …

Floristic Studies On Herbaceous And Grass Species Growing In The University Of Lagos, Nigeria, George Nodza, Ruth Anthony, Temitope Onuminya, Oluwatoyin Ogundipe

Tanzania Journal of Science

Rapid loss in flora diversity, changing patterns of vegetation and land use patterns in the University of Lagos Akoka campus has necessitated investigation on the herb and grass species so as to determine their compositions, structures and diversity within the area. Twenty sampling plots of 10m x 10m each were studied in five selected locations using random sampling. The samples were counted and identified using Flora of West Tropical Africa. A total of 75 taxa (herbs = 53 spp and grasses = 22 spp) belonging to 26 families and 64 genera were recorded in the area. Of all the families, …

Geometric Morphometric Comparison Of Abu Mullet, Planiliza Abu (Heckel, 1843) Populations In Bushehr Basin, Iran: Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri, Fatemeh Shabaninejad, Yazdan Keivany, Dara Bagheri

Tanzania Journal of Science

Many fish behavior and habitats could be defined based on the fish morphology, thus, using the fish body shape, in addition  to its genetic characteristics, could be used to infer the type of fish habitat and its characteristics. This study aimed to compare the body shapes of five populations of abu mullet, Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843), in Bushehr basin using geometric morphometric method. Some 162 specimens from Hendijan, Genaveh, Helleh, Kaki and Mond rivers were used. Three morphometric characters, total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) were measured. Samples were photographed from the left side, then 18 …

Immunomodulatory Role Of Urolithin A On Metabolic Diseases, Ashley Mulcahy Toney, Darius Fox, Virginia Chaidez, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Soonkyu Chung

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Abstract: Urolithin A (UroA) is a gut metabolite produced from ellagic acid-containing foods such as pomegranates, berries, and walnuts. UroA is of growing interest due to its therapeutic potential for various metabolic diseases based on immunomodulatory properties. Recent advances in UroA research suggest that UroA administration attenuates inflammation in various tissues, including the brain, adipose, heart, and liver tissues, leading to the potential delay or prevention of the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review, we focus on recent updates of the anti-inflammatory function of UroA and summarize the potential mechanisms …

Lead In Plastics – Recycling Of Legacy Material And Appropriateness Of Current Regulations, Andrew Turner, Montserrat Filella

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Scientometric Analysis Of Waste Water Management Research Publications From Scopus Database During 2010-2019, Vivekanandhan S Dr, Ravichandran Shanmugam

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Background: This paper examines the waste water management research publications during the period of 2010-2019 from the Scopus multidisciplinary online database. The study aims to analysis the year wise growth of publications, relative growth rate and doubling time, top 10 authors contribution, authorship pattern, degree of collaboration, collaborative coefficient, collaborative index, Co- author index, document types, time series analysis, contribution of top 10 journals, institutions, countries, language and Highly cited papers of waste water management research publications.

Results: There are 19861 research publications are identified in the field of waste water management research publications during the ten year study period. …

Awareness And Use Pattern Of Electronic Resources Among The Doctoral Research Scholars Of Central University Of Tamil Nadu, Tiruvarur, India: A Study, Sonteni Srinivas Mr., Taddi Murali Dr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This paper's main objective is to examine the awareness and use pattern of electronic resources by doctoral research scholar’s community of the Central University of Tamil Nadu. The investigator adopted a survey method used for the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to the 100 respondents to collect data for the study and returned questionnaires were analysed using simple percentage by the SPSS software. Findings of the survey revealed that the majority of doctoral students aware of electronic resources and user education/training programs are the most important for maximum utilization of electronic resources in University Library.

Molecular Mechanisms Of Circular Rna-Mediated Regulation Of Synaptic Gene Expression - Implications For Psychiatric Disorders, Alexander K. Hafez

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly stable non-coding RNAs, derived from the covalent back-splicing of precursor mRNA molecules. Although circRNAs are highly enriched in the brain, the mechanism of action of brain expressed circRNAs and their relevance for psychiatric disorders remains largely unknown. Here we show that circHomer1, a neuronal-enriched circRNA abundantly expressed in the frontal cortex, derived from the Homer protein homolog 1 (HOMER1) gene, is significantly reduced in the prefrontal cortex and induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived neuronal cultures from patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and is associated with the age of onset of schizophrenia. Furthermore, circHomer1 …

Taxing Parents: Welfarist Theories, Shannon Weeks Mccormack

BYU Law Review

The Internal Revenue Code (the "Code") taxes parents inequitably. Couples with a sole earner are undertaxed compared to couples with dual earners and to single parents. Legal tax scholarship (including my own) has identified the many inequities that result from this sole-earner bias and have called for its elimination. But while these arguments have been sufficient for some, they do remain susceptible to the criticism that they are theoretically incomplete.

That critique might proceed as follows. Simply establishing that an inequity exists does not create a full argument for legal reform. After all, it might be argued, the Code plays …

Mapk4 Promotes Prostate Cancer By Concerted Activation Of Androgen Receptor And Akt, Tao Shen, Wei Wang, Wolong Zhou, Ilsa Coleman, Qinbo Cai, Bingning Dong, Michael M Ittmann, Chad J Creighton, Yingnan Bian, Yanling Meng, David R Rowley, Peter S Nelson, David D Moore, Feng Yang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is essential for PCa cell growth/survival and remains a key therapeutic target for lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). GATA2 is a pioneer transcription factor crucial for inducing AR expression/activation. We recently reported that MAPK4, an atypical MAPK, promotes tumor progression via noncanonical activation of AKT. Here, we demonstrated that MAPK4 activated AR by enhancing GATA2 transcriptional expression and stabilizing GATA2 protein through repression of GATA2 ubiquitination/degradation. MAPK4 expression correlated with AR activation in human CRPC. Concerted activation of both GATA2/AR and AKT by …

Targeting Nsd2-Mediated Src-3 Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation Sensitizes Bortezomib Treatment In Multiple Myeloma, Jing Liu, Ying Xie, Jing Guo, Xin Li, Jingjing Wang, Hongmei Jiang, Ziyi Peng, Jingya Wang, Sheng Wang, Qian Li, Linquan Ye, Yuping Zhong, Qiguo Zhang, Xiaozhi Liu, David M Lonard, Jin Wang, Bert W O'Malley, Zhiqiang Liu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Development of chemoresistance is the main reason for failure of clinical management of multiple myeloma (MM), but the genetic and epigenetic aberrations that interact to confer such chemoresistance remains unknown. In the present study, we find that high steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) expression is correlated with relapse/refractory and poor outcomes in MM patients treated with bortezomib (BTZ)-based regimens. Furthermore, in immortalized cell lines, high SRC-3 enhances resistance to proteasome inhibitor (PI)-induced apoptosis. Overexpressed histone methyltransferase NSD2 in patients bearing a t(4;14) translocation or in BTZ-resistant MM cells coordinates elevated SRC-3 by enhancing its liquid-liquid phase separation to supranormally modify histone …

Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Selection Response, And Forage Production Of Tall Fescue In Contrasting Environments, R. C. Johnson, Andrew A. Hopkins, M. A. Evans

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Selection Of Panicum Maximum Genotypes Under Different Shade Levels, Liana Jank, M. M. Gontijo Neto, V. A. Laura, Rosangela M. S. Resende, Cacilda Borges Do Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

A ‘How To’ Guide For Interpreting Parameters In Habitat-Selection Analyses, John Fieberg, Johannes Signer, Brian Smith, Tal Avgar

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

1. Habitat-selection analyses allow researchers to link animals to their environment via habitat-selection or step-selection functions, and are commonly used to address questions related to wildlife management and conservation efforts. Habitat-selection analyses that incorporate movement characteristics, referred to as integrated step-selection analyses, are particularly appealing because they allow modelling of both movement and habitat-selection processes.
2. Despite their popularity, many users struggle with interpreting parameters in habitat-selection and step-selection functions. Integrated step-selection analyses also require several additional steps to translate model parameters into a full-fledged movement model, and the mathematics supporting this approach can be challenging for many to understand.
3. Using …

Spatially Variable Hydrologic Impact And Biomass Production Tradeoffs Associated With Eucalyptus (E. Grandis) Cultivation For Biofuel Production In Entre Rios, Argentina, Azad Heidari, David Watkins, Alex Mayer, Tamara Propato, Santiago Verón, Diego De Abelleyra

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Climate change and energy security promote using renewable sources of energy such as biofuels. High woody biomass production achieved from short-rotation intensive plantations is a strategy that is increasing in many parts of the world. However, broad expansion of bioenergy feedstock production may have significant environmental consequences. This study investigates the watershed-scale hydrological impacts of Eucalyptus (E. grandis) plantations for energy production in a humid subtropical watershed in Entre Rios province, Argentina. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for streamflow, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass production cycles. The model was used to simulate …

Rasagiline Effects On Glucose Metabolism, Cognition, And Tau In Alzheimer’S Dementia, Dawn C. Matthews, Aaron Ritter, Ronald G. Thomas, Randolph D. Andrews, Ana S. Lukic, Carolyn Revta, Jefferson W. Kinney, Babak Tousi, James B. Leverenz, Howard Fillit, Kate Zhong, Howard H. Feldman, Jeffrey Cummings

Integrated Health Sciences Faculty Research

Background: A Phase II proof of concept (POC) randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of rasagiline, a monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor approved for Parkinson disease, in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). The primary objective was to determine if 1 mg of rasagiline daily for 24 weeks is associated with improved regional brain metabolism (fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography [FDG-PET]) compared to placebo. Secondary objectives included measurement of effects on tau PET and evaluation of directional consistency of clinical end points. Methods: This was a double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, community-based, three-site trial of 50 participants randomized 1:1 to …

Development Of Improved Wheatgrasses For The Southern Great Plains Of The Usa, Andrew A. Hopkins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Talish Clover (Trifolium Tumens Steven Ex M. Bieb.) As A Potential New Perennial Pasture Legume For Low Rainfall Temperate Environments, Eric J. Hall, A. M. Hurst

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Dactylis Glomerata Ssp. Hispanica (Roth) Nyman, Cultivars Uplands And Sendace, Drought Tolerant Forage Grasses For Temperate Environments, Eric J. Hall, P. A. Lane, A. M. Hurst

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Germplasm Improvement In Pasture Legumes By Developing Core Collections, K. Ghamkhar, R. Snowball, M. Ryan, Ph. Nichols, R. Appels

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

The Evaluation Of Nox2 Role In Microgravity–Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy, Amin Mohajeri, Khaled Moustafa, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Long term exposure to the outer space microgravity weightlessness subjects the skeletal muscle fiber dysfunction, which is characterized by fibrosis, cellular remodeling and loss of physical performance. Under mechanical unloading condition, profound and progressive muscle fibers atrophy is developed. It would furthermore increase the risk of our astronauts’ injury upon returning to a gravitational field (e.g., Earth or Mars). PURPOSE: Skeletal muscles are dynamic mechanical and metabolic machines with the capability of sensing and proportionally adapting to the alterations in the surrounding mechanical loading through the regulation of proteins synthesis/degradation rate. Prolonged exposure to mechanical unloading is associated with …