Digital Commons Network^™

Perceptions Of Education Attainment In Rural And Appalachian Schools, Michael Estep

Online Theses and Dissertations

Today, education methods and strategies are ever changing. Educators and administrators of public schools are looking for the best methods and strategies. Appalachia is a region that is known by outsiders for its backwardness, violence, poverty, and hopelessness (Amerikaner, 2016). Counselors are the front-line workers and educators when discussing a student’s family, community, future, and plans. The plan for this study was to dive into the perceptions of counselors and what they see is a determining factor of a student’s choice of college or career technical education pathways. Testing data gives us only part of the information needed, but the …

“Basic Stuff I Should Know About My Kids, I Don’T Know”: Incarcerated Mothers’ Perception Of Incarceration’S Effects On Mother-Child Relationships, Narissa Haakmat

Online Theses and Dissertations

Tougher sentencing policies have resulted in a dramatic increase in the jail and prison populations in the United States over the past few decades. The number of women who are spending time behind bars have vastly increased as a result of this. Despite increased interest in this area of research, a variety of questions remain as to how women experience incarceration. Most women who are incarcerated are mothers, but few criminologists have explored how imprisonment affects motherhood and mothers’ perception of the mother-child relationship during incarceration. The research presented here contributes to this body of literature by exploring the effects …

Forgotten In Local Jails: A Carceral System Created To Fail Women., Hayley Jackey

Online Theses and Dissertations

The United States has seen an influx of incarcerated women since the 1980s with a 750% increase between 1980 and 2017. There is a substantial amount of literature about how women experience prison and the unique challenges they face as they reenter society such as motherhood, previous abuse, mental health, and housing. Conclusions drawn suggest that the current structure fails to prepare women for a society that denounces women who have been incarcerated. What is less known is how this research translates to the jail environment. For reasons to be discussed, it is likely that local jails are even less …

Examining Cpe's Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Policy And Its Impact On Hr Directors To Recruit And Hire Faculty Of Color At Associate-Level Colleges In The Commonwealth Of Kentucky, Dr. Adarrell Lafawn Owsley

Online Theses and Dissertations

Strategies to recruit and hire faculty and staff of color to the Commonwealth of Kentucky’s population levels have continued for 57 years. From Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to the Kentucky Plan in 1982 to the Strategic Plan for Kentucky Higher Education from 1982 to 1995, to the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education’s 2010-2015 Policy and Framework for Institution Diversity Plan to its current 2016-2021 Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policy. Despite five policy implementations, a problem still exists in recruiting and hiring faculty of color at associate-level colleges in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.The need for public …

Appreciative Inquiry: Transition Strategies For Students With Disabilities, Jerry Petrey

Online Theses and Dissertations

Transition policy and procedures are integral for districts promoting students with disabilities to successful post school outcomes in career or in higher education. School districts are given a set of standards that must be addressed in their curriculum but are not clearly delineated by state and national organizations. Additionally, transition programs in the secondary curriculum have not been examined extensively, and most research investigated particular individual disabilities in higher education settings or studies involving independent living or employment after school has been completed. This qualitative appreciative inquiry study sought to understand commonalities in the policies and procedures of the implementation …

Effective Strategies For Recruiting African American Males Into Teacher Education Programs, Fredrick Wellington Snodgrass

Online Theses and Dissertations

In today’s society, the teaching workforce should be more diverse. However, it still consists of majority white females. From a survey reported by Education Week in 2017-2018, the teaching workforce consisted of 79.2% white teachers. The same data reported that the teaching workforce consists of 7% African-Americans (Will, 2020). From that 7% of African-Americans, African-American males consists of 2% of the teaching workforce (Bell, 2017). Some school districts are seeking to attract more minority teachers to reflect their student demographics. In 2018, data reported from statista.com shows the following student demographics in K-12 public schools across the U.S.: 47% White, …

Special Considerations In Gifted Identification: Increasing Access And Equitable Practices For Underrepresented Populations In An Urban School District, Veda Stewart

Online Theses and Dissertations

Low-socio economic and/or minority students are substantially unidentified for gifted education programs. The disparities in gifted education for underrepresented students persist despite the growth in schools across the country of low income and minority students. Despite efforts to tackle equity issues in gifted education the large gaps of disproportionality persist. Explanations for this occurrence of underrepresentation is linked to the general processes for identifying gifted students, which are based largely on norm referenced standardized tests, with a single score criterion and a referral process that relies heavily on teacher and parent nominations. These identification processes tend to overlook the cultural …

Challenging The Dominant Representation Of Immigrant Latinas In The United States: A Qualitative Analysis Of The Personal Stories Of Latina Pioneers From The 1950-1970s, Scarlett Rodriguez

Research Papers

The dominant representations of Latinx immigrants in the U.S. media do a disservice to the humanity of this group and overwhelmingly depict them in negative ways. This paper is an effort to counter these narratives and humanize the experiences of Latina immigrants. Specifically, it explores and analyzes four personal narratives from Latina women who migrated to the United States between 1950-1970s. The methodological approach in this report is qualitative and interpretive analysis, using open and axial coding. The author discusses how identities are constructed and shaped by the experiences of immigration, and connects it to extant research on power, coloniality, …

Understanding The Experiences Of Black Boys In Suburban Schools: An Examination Of Social Influences On Identity, Achievement And School Relationships, Tyrone L. Weeks

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The achievement of Black boys in public schools continues to be a major focus of concern for educators and researchers. Consequently, educators and researchers have looked to issues of engagement and identity as key variables relative to achievement. Numerous theories point to adverse environmental factors contributing to the achievement disparities affecting Black boys in schools, but limited research has sought to elevate the voices of Black boys to understand how they identify with schools, as well as the social factors that contribute to their social and academic identities. In this qualitative research, focus groups were used to engage with Black …

Directions For Research Practice In Decolonising Methodologies: Contending With Paradox, Tamara A. Lipscombe, Antonia Hendrick, Peta L. Dzidic, Darren C. Garvey, Brian Bishop

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The complex nature of colonisation presents with the potential for paradoxes in decolonising approaches, hence, fixed conventions and methods are discouraged. In this way, decolonising methodologies concerns interrogating dominant conventions in research that have typically excluded alternative ways of knowing from academia. This raises concern about the issue of breaking conventions, when it is potentially difficult to realise that one is depending upon them. An incremental approach to the research process and subsequent knowledge generated provides opportunity to challenge the conventions that typically dictate research praxis. In addition, fostering epistemological transformation and pluralism presents a solution to problems derived from …

The Right To Development, Integral Human Development, And Integral Ecology In The Amazon, Diane A. Desierto, Ilaria Schnyder Von Wartensee

Journal Articles

From the Article

This article discusses the reorientation of environmental protection in Amazonia away from the paradigm of individual and collective natural resource management of regional or global commons, to the more radical thesis of Integral Ecology as the vindication of human dignity, environmental stewardship and collective responsibility - a concept deeply related to the Church's own pioneering of Integral Human Development as the 'authentic development development of every person and of the whole person'. Under the concept of integral Ecology, we argue that this expressive elaboration of the Catholic Church's core social teaching of Integral Human Development ultimately hearkens …

Measuring The Art Of International Law, Mary Ellen O'Connell

Journal Articles

Social science methodology is a useful adjunct to law, but it cannot replace the humanist ideas that constitute law. Scholars developed social science at the end of the nineteenth century and were soon using it to measure and assess material facts associated with far older intellectual disciplines like law. They have been able to confirm facts about such issues as the origins and impact of law. These studies rely, however, on a humanist definition of the object of the study. Humanist methods reveal that law is the result of transcendent concepts developed through natural law method. By the early twenty-first …

Dissenting From The Bench, Christine M. Venter

Journal Articles

This paper examines the oral dissents of Justices Antonin Scalia and Ruth Bader Ginsburg from the year 2000 to the times of their respective deaths. It explores the concept and purpose of oral dissent and details the kinds of cases in which each justice was more likely to orally dissent. The paper analyzes the kinds of rhetoric that each justice used to refer to their subject matter, and argues that Scalia's rhetoric evinces a view of the law as "autonomous", operating independently of the facts of the case. In contrast, Ginsburg's view espouses a view of the law as responsive …

Prerequisites In Behavioral Sciences And Business Revisited A Decade Later: Ongoing Opportunities For Dental Education, Rebecca M. Beckler, Natalie A. Nuckolls, David G. Dunning

Journal Articles: College of Dentistry

Introduction: Ten years ago a study reported on the lack of prerequisites in behavioral sciences and business management for entry into dental college. The primary objective of this follow-up study was to assess the current status of similar prerequisite courses in both U.S. and Canadian dental schools. Materials and Methods: Required and recommended courses in behavioral sciences and in business in each North American dental school's official online publication were analyzed in December 2019. Admissions requirements were readily available in sixty-five of the sixty-eight U.S. dental schools and in all ten schools in Canada; three U.S. schools were contacted by …

The Impact Of Resistance Training On Body Composition, Muscle Strength, And Functional Fitness In Older Women (45-80 Years): A Systematic Review (2010-2020), Lynda B. Ransdell, Heidi A. Wayment, Nanette Lopez, Cori Lorts, Anna L. Schwartz, Karen Pugliesi, Patricia S. Pohl, Dierdra Bycura, Ricky Camplain

Journal Articles: College of Nursing, Niedfelt Nursing Research Center

As women age, they typically experience a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, which can lead to a decline in functional fitness and quality of life. Resistance training (RT) has the potential to attenuate these losses. Although well established for men, evidence regarding the benefits of RT for women is sparse and inconsistent: prior reviews include too few studies with women and do not adequately examine the interactive or additive impacts of workload, modalities, and nutritional supplements on outcomes such as muscle mass (MM), body composition (BC), muscle strength (MS), and functional fitness (FF). The purpose of this …

Racial Disparity In The Timely Treatment Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, P Neroda, Mei-Chin Hsieh, Xiao-Cheng Wu, K Cartmell, R Mayo, Jiande Wu, Chindo Hicks, L Zhang

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Trap Chronicles, Vol. 1, How U.S. Housing Policy Impairs Criminal Justice Reform, Lahny Silva

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.

Can Agencies Lie? A Realist’S Guide To Pretext Review, Jack Thorlin

Maryland Law Review

No abstract provided.

Anti-Modalities, David E. Pozen, Adam Samaha

Faculty Scholarship

Constitutional argument runs on the rails of “modalities.” These are the accepted categories of reasoning used to make claims about the content of supreme law. Some of the modalities, such as ethical and prudential arguments, seem strikingly open ended at first sight. Their contours come into clearer view, however, when we attend to the kinds of claims that are not made by constitutional interpreters – the analytical and rhetorical moves that are familiar in debates over public policy and political morality but are considered out of bounds in debates over constitutional meaning. In this Article, we seek to identify the …

Interpretive Entrepreneurs, Melissa (M.J.) Durkee

Scholarship@WashULaw

Private actors interpret legal norms, a phenomenon I call “interpretive entrepreneurship.” The phenomenon is particularly significant in the international context, where many disputes are not subject to judicial resolution and there is no official system of precedent. Interpretation can affect the meaning of laws over time. For this reason, it can be a form of “post hoc” international lawmaking, worth studying alongside other forms of international lobbying and norm entrepreneurship by private actors. The Article identifies and describes the phenomenon through a series of case studies that show how, why, and by whom it unfolds. The examples focus on entrepreneurial …

A Duty Of Loyalty For Privacy Law, Neil M. Richards, Woodrow Hartzog

Scholarship@WashULaw

Data privacy law fails to stop companies from engaging in self-serving, opportunistic behavior at the expense of those who trust them with their data. This is a problem. Modern tech companies are so entrenched in our lives and have so much control over what we see and click that the self-dealing exploitation of people has become a major element of the internet’s business model.

Academics and policymakers have recently proposed a possible solution: require those entrusted with people’s data and online experiences to be loyal to those who trust them. But many have concerns about a duty of loyalty. What, …

The Hidden Curriculum Of Silence: How Implicitly Transmitted Values In U.S. Schools Silence Immigrant Esl Students And Perpetuate Low Social Capital, Katherine E. Phillips , '21

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

This literature review examines the hidden curriculum of U.S. schools as it pertains to immigrant students learning English as a second language (ESL). The hidden curriculum, as coined by Jean Anyon (1980), refers to the implicit cultural values established in schools, which students must navigate in order to be accepted into the social world. These norms heavily influence the school experiences and trajectories of newcomer immigrants in the United States. Throughout this analysis, I examine how the hidden curriculum functions to strip ESL students of their language, culture, and autonomy, as well as how the hidden curriculum of dominant practices …

The Lost Promise Of Progressive Formalism, Andrea Scoseria Katz

Scholarship@WashULaw

Today, any number of troubling government pathologies—a lawless presidency, a bloated and unaccountable administrative state, the growth of an activist bench—are associated with the emergence of a judicial philosophy that disregards the “plain meaning” of the Constitution for a loose, unprincipled “living constitutionalism.” Many trace its origins to the Progressive Era
(1890–1920), a time when Americans turned en masse to government as the solution to emerging problems of economic modernity—financial panics, industrial concentration, worsening workplace conditions, and skyrocketing unemployment and inequality—and, the argument goes, concocted a flexible, new constitutional philosophy to allow the federal government to take on vast, new …

By Any Means: A Philosophical Frame For Rulemaking Reform In Criminal Law, Trevor George Gardner

Scholarship@WashULaw

Equitable crime policy and equity in the process of crime policymaking stand as the two goals most important to criminal-justice reform advocates. It would be a strategic mistake, however, to consider the two of equal importance. Crime-policy reform should be considered the first-order principle of the crime-policy reform movement. Fairness in the crime-policymaking process, while key to the pursuit of democratic ideals, is best understood as a secondary consideration. Put simply, the prioritization of fair process risks stifling the crime-policy reform movement by tethering the policy ends of the movement (namely, minimalism in criminal administration) to a pre-ordained means.

Can You Hear Me?: How Implicit Bias Creates A Disparate Impact In Maternal Healthcare For Black Women, Kenya Glover

Campbell Law Review

Black women die from childbirth at a disproportionately higher rate than white women. Despite knowing about this issue for years, medical professionals cannot attribute this disparity to a physical condition. Multiple studies show physicians’ implicit biases lead to poor patient care. Overall, Black women consistently report feeling silenced by their treating physicians—a feeling that has persisted since slavery. Stereotypes about Black women cloud physicians’ ability to provide adequate care. For those with Medicaid, the problems are even greater. Unfortunately for Black women and their families, creating a successful medical malpractice or wrongful death claim is nearly impossible. This is because …

In Defense Of Occupational Licensing: A Legal Practitioner's Perspective, Jeffrey P. Gray

Campbell Law Review

In recent years, occupational licensing boards have come under fire from critics across the nation. Much of the recent critique of occupational licensing boards has centered on the breadth of power these boards hold and the supposed lack of state supervision over them. And yet, occupational licensing boards in North Carolina are subject to significant state supervision. This Article seeks to rebut arguments of no state supervision over occupational licensing boards. This Article’s primary goal is to provide a cogent defense of occupational licensing boards in an effort to show their validity and legitimacy.

With Great Power Comes Great Accountability: A New Method For Applying Qualified Immunity And Rebuilding Public Trust, Miller Moreau

Campbell Law Review

No abstract provided.

Fedaccounts: Digital Dollars, John Crawford, Lev Menand, Morgan Ricks

Faculty Scholarship

We are entering a new monetary era. Central banks around the world – spurred by the development of privately controlled digital currencies as well as competition from other central banks – have been studying, building, and, in some cases, issuing central bank digital currency (“CBDC”).

Although digital fiat currency is one of the hottest topics in macroeconomics and central banking today, the discussion has largely overlooked the most straightforward and appealing strategy for implementing a U.S. dollar-based CBDC: expanding access to bank accounts that the Federal Reserve already offers to a small, favored set of clients. These accounts consist of …

A Deeper Inquiry Into The Transitional Needs Of Student Veterans, Nathan Calvin Bridendolph Jr

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Previous research revealed that veterans transitioning to post-secondary institutions have unique characteristics (PNPI, 2018; Wurster et al., 2013) and may suffer from a constellation of physical, psychological, and social problems that can impact their ability to perform to their full potential on campus (Ackerman et al., 2009; Alschuler & Yarab, 2016; Igielnik, 2019). Despite knowing the struggles student veterans (SVs) face when transitioning to campus, no studies were found that directly gain SVs’ input on what they believe will help their transition. The current study sought to gain a holistic perspective of SV needs by using the biopsychosocial model and …

Mental Health Treatment Services Exposure In Lgbtq+ College Students Of Color, Arianna Kholanjani

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.