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2021

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Automatic Subtitling And Machine Translation In Aiding English To Thai Simultaneous Interpretation, Nutdanai Sornchai Jan 2021

Automatic Subtitling And Machine Translation In Aiding English To Thai Simultaneous Interpretation, Nutdanai Sornchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

With the development of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) technology in recent years, their uses in simultaneous interpretation (SI) have been a subject of interest. This research, conducted to study these technologies in aiding the SI process, has four participants interpreted (English to Thai) three comparable speeches with automatic subtitling, with MT, and without subtitling. An audience then rated the interpretation renditions and answered a comprehension questionnaire. According to the participants, automatic subtitling allowed them to cross-check their translation, while MT provided a way to decrease the cognitive effort. According to the audience, automatic subtitling has a …

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Smartphone-Tapping Vs Hand-Writing: A Comparative Study Of Note-Taking Alternatives For Consecutive Interpretation, Panuwat Sojaiwong Jan 2021

Smartphone-Tapping Vs Hand-Writing: A Comparative Study Of Note-Taking Alternatives For Consecutive Interpretation, Panuwat Sojaiwong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Tapping on a smartphone has expanded beyond texting, from interpersonal interaction to taking notes in an academic context. More specifically, consecutive interpreters, both novice and experienced, who are accustomed to smartphone tapping on a daily basis may be able to take notes on their smartphones. The study investigates the modern method of tapping on a smartphone as a note-taking alternative to the classic method of pen and paper. Six Thai interpreting students participated in a consecutive interpretation experiment. Participants were given the opportunity to practice both hand-writing and smartphone tapping for their consecutive interpretation tasks. The data was collected in …

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The Use Of Asr-Cai Tool And Its Impact On Interpreters’ Performance During Simultaneous Interpretation, Pannapat Tammasrisawat Jan 2021

The Use Of Asr-Cai Tool And Its Impact On Interpreters’ Performance During Simultaneous Interpretation, Pannapat Tammasrisawat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Ever since automatic speech recognition (ASR) was introduced as a means to improve the terminology lookup mechanism and reduce additional cognitive effort in performing a terminology query, many studies have been conducted to investigate the use of ASR-CAI tools in simultaneous interpretation (SI). However, few studies have implemented the process-oriented method in addition to the product-based method in analyzing how the use of ASR-CAI tools may affect the interpreting process. By using both product/process-oriented approaches, this paper set out to investigate the impact of ASR-CAI tool on interpreters’ overall performance. The results showed that the support of ASR-CAI tool led …

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Investigation Of An Automatic Speech Recognition Software For Numbers Trigger Management In Remote Simultaneous Interpretation From English To Thai., Chirattikarn Kittimongkolmar Jan 2021

Investigation Of An Automatic Speech Recognition Software For Numbers Trigger Management In Remote Simultaneous Interpretation From English To Thai., Chirattikarn Kittimongkolmar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

No abstract provided.

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Making The Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Mindset Indispensable In The Lis Classroom Through Design, Content, Communication, And Assessment, Kim M. Thompson, Clayton A. Copeland Jan 2021

Making The Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion Mindset Indispensable In The Lis Classroom Through Design, Content, Communication, And Assessment, Kim M. Thompson, Clayton A. Copeland

Faculty Publications

When we incorporate diversity and inclusion into Library and Information Science course design and content and build communication and learning frameworks in the classroom on inclusive principles, we build a cohort of students who cannot “unsee” these basic principles as they engage in practice. By designing lecture and activity materials that allow students to read and engage with different perspectives about professional values and content, we create opportunities for awareness building and prepare students to engage with the same practices as they join the profession. This chapter provides insights for and examples of how to create courses that bring diversity, …

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Automatic Categorization Of Lgbt User Profiles On Twitter With Machine Learning, Amir Karami, M. Lundy, F. Webb, H. R. Boyajieff, M. Zhu, D. Lee Jan 2021

Automatic Categorization Of Lgbt User Profiles On Twitter With Machine Learning, Amir Karami, M. Lundy, F. Webb, H. R. Boyajieff, M. Zhu, D. Lee

Faculty Publications

Privacy needs and stigma pose significant barriers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people sharing information related to their identities in traditional settings and research methods such as surveys and interviews. Fortunately, social media facilitates people’s belonging to and exchanging information within online LGBT communities. Compared to heterosexual respondents, LGBT users are also more likely to have accounts on social media websites and access social media daily. However, the current relevant LGBT studies on social media are not efficient or assume that any accounts that utilize LGBT-related words in their profile belong to individuals who identify as LGBT. Our …

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Covid-19 Vaccine And Social Media In The U.S.: Exploring Emotions And Discussions On Twitter, Amir Karami, Michael Zhu, Bailey Goldschmidt, Hannah R. Boyajieff, Mahdi M. Najafabadi Jan 2021

Covid-19 Vaccine And Social Media In The U.S.: Exploring Emotions And Discussions On Twitter, Amir Karami, Michael Zhu, Bailey Goldschmidt, Hannah R. Boyajieff, Mahdi M. Najafabadi

Faculty Publications

The understanding of the public response to COVID-19 vaccines is the key success factor to control the COVID-19 pandemic. To understand the public response, there is a need to explore public opinion. Traditional surveys are expensive and time-consuming, address limited health topics, and obtain small-scale data. Twitter can provide a great opportunity to understand public opinion regarding COVID-19 vaccines. The current study proposes an approach using computational and human coding methods to collect and analyze a large number of tweets to provide a wider perspective on the COVID-19 vaccine. This study identifies the sentiment of tweets using a machine learning …

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Trust-Empowered, Iot-Driven Legitimate Data Offloading, Zakaria Maamar, Noura Faci, Fadwa Yahya, Ejub Kajan Jan 2021

Trust-Empowered, Iot-Driven Legitimate Data Offloading, Zakaria Maamar, Noura Faci, Fadwa Yahya, Ejub Kajan

All Works

In an IoT environment deployed on top of fog and/or cloud nodes, offloading data between nodes is a common practice that aims at lessening the burden on these nodes and hence, meeting some real-time processing requirements. Existing initiatives put emphasis on “when to offload” and “where to offload” using criteria like resource constraint, load balancing, and data safety during transfer. However, there is limited emphasis on the trustworthiness of those nodes that will accept the offloaded data putting these data at risk of misuse. To address this limited emphasis, this paper advocates for trust as a decision criterion for identifying …

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The Effects Of Singing Vs. Speech On Joint Engagement In A Young Child With Phelan-Mcdermid Syndrome, Marllys Banks, Hannah Kinney, Bridget Valla, Maura Jones Moyle Jan 2021

The Effects Of Singing Vs. Speech On Joint Engagement In A Young Child With Phelan-Mcdermid Syndrome, Marllys Banks, Hannah Kinney, Bridget Valla, Maura Jones Moyle

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic disorder typically caused by loss or disruption of the distal long arm of chromosome 22. Children with PMS exhibit severe to profound communication deficits, and the majority meet the criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To date, no language or communication intervention studies focused on children with PMS exist in the literature despite a steady increase in diagnosed cases. Anecdotally, it has been reported that music facilitates learning and engagement in children with PMS. The purpose of this clinical case study is to investigate the effects of singing vs. speaking on joint engagement, …

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Incorporating Context Into Non-Autoregressive Model Using Contextualized Ctc For Sequence Labelling, Burin Naowarat Jan 2021

Incorporating Context Into Non-Autoregressive Model Using Contextualized Ctc For Sequence Labelling, Burin Naowarat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss has become widely used in sequence modeling tasks such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) due to its ease of use. CTC itself has no architecture constraints, but it is commonly used with recurrent models that predict letters based on histories in order to relax the conditional independent assumption. However, recent sequence models that incorporate CTC loss have been focusing on speed by removing recurrent structures, hence losing important context information. This thesis presents Contextualized Connectionist Temporal Classification (CCTC) loss, which induces prediction dependencies in non-recurrent and non-autoregressive neural networks for …

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Sentiment Analysis Of Messages On Twitter Related To Covid-19 Using Deep Learning Approach, Chotika Imvimol Jan 2021

Sentiment Analysis Of Messages On Twitter Related To Covid-19 Using Deep Learning Approach, Chotika Imvimol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The widespread situation of the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a tangible and pressing concern. Many changes in terms of lifestyle are necessary to reduce the chance of infection. While citizens have gone through different emotions, they share their thoughts and interactions on social media, especially on Twitter. COVID-19 related messages can imply social emotion. This study performs sentiment analysis on tweets and annotated them into six classes of positive and negative feelings consisting of anger, disgust, fear, sadness, joy, and surprise. We analyzed both textual information and historical data. We collected 120,642 unique tweets datasets between 1 January 2020 and …

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Classification Of Abusive Thai Messages In Social Networks Using Deep Learning, Ruangsung Wanasukapunt Jan 2021

Classification Of Abusive Thai Messages In Social Networks Using Deep Learning, Ruangsung Wanasukapunt

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Social media has improved on traditional news sources by allowing increased access to information. However, the anonymity social media provides can lead to abusive and hateful speech without detection or repercussion from individuals with malicious intentions. This research develops a binomial and a multinomial classification model for classifying Thai social media text for five categories of abusive content detection in social media that include Rude, Figurative, Dirty, Offensive and Non-Abusive. The experiments demonstrated that DistilBERT achieved the highest F1 score with 0.8510 for the binomial model and 0.9067 for the multinomial model. BiLSTM performed second best with an F1 score …

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Designing Answer Sets For Thai Advisory Chatbot With Different Talking Styles For Covid-19 Pandemic, Sakolwan Peetaneelavat Jan 2021

Designing Answer Sets For Thai Advisory Chatbot With Different Talking Styles For Covid-19 Pandemic, Sakolwan Peetaneelavat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research focuses on designing a set of answers for Thai advisory chatbot using a different conversational approach from conventional chatbot for COVID-19 pandemic in order to improve user’s chatbot experience. The research studies how to modify the underlying interactive chatbot language to suit those extrovert and introvert personalities. To evaluate the correctness of answer set design, the author builds two classification models based on Extroversion Text Classification Model (ETCM). Both models utilize the same Logistic Regression algorithm, but different feature selection techniques. The first model relies solely on Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) property. In contrast, the second model …

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Development Of A Curriculum Based On Content And Language Integrated Learning And Competency-Based Education For Enhancing Business English Writing Ability Of Undergraduate Students, Meassnguon Saint Jan 2021

Development Of A Curriculum Based On Content And Language Integrated Learning And Competency-Based Education For Enhancing Business English Writing Ability Of Undergraduate Students, Meassnguon Saint

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The purposes of this study were 1) to develop a curriculum based on content and language integrated language learning and competency-based education for enhancing business English writing ability of undergraduate students 2) to investigate the effectiveness of a developed curriculum. The research and development process consists of four phases: 1) studying the research problem and significance, and learning approaches, 2) developing a curriculum based on content and language integrated learning and competency-based education, 3) studying the effectiveness of the developed curriculum, and 4) revising and improving the developed curriculum. This pre-experimental research involved 13 undergraduate students in the business major …

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Fuzzy Ahp For Supplier Selection: A Case Study In An Electronic Component Manufacturer, Chia Ken Tsai Jan 2021

Fuzzy Ahp For Supplier Selection: A Case Study In An Electronic Component Manufacturer, Chia Ken Tsai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Supplier selection has become an essential effect on the entire electronic supply chain network on performance. The case study company produces a nano sim-card connector which four primary raw materials are processed into four primary parts (Plastic, Nickel, Phosphor bronze, and Stainless steel). Nevertheless, the case study company faces a penalty and order reduction because of the quality issue. Although an appraisal record from the case study company is able to select a proper raw material supplier, the cost becomes the priority when the candidate suppliers are categorized as the same level, leading to increasing potential risks, e.g., a penalty, …

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Structural Priming And The Acquisition Of English Dative Constructions By L1 Thai Learners, Jaturaporn Kongbang Jan 2021

Structural Priming And The Acquisition Of English Dative Constructions By L1 Thai Learners, Jaturaporn Kongbang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The purpose of the present study is to examine whether structural priming can facilitate L1 Thai learners’ acquisition of English dative constructions, both English DO construction and English PO construction and to investigate whether different priming conditions have different learning effects on L1 Thai learners’ acquisition of English dative constructions. The first hypothesis states that the L1 Thai learners produce English dative constructions, both DO construction and PO construction, at higher rates after receiving the structural priming experiments. However, the similar structure, i.e. the English PO construction is used more frequently than the different structure, i.e. the English DO construction. …

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The Use Of Corpus Consultation To Enhance The Acquisition Of L2 English Infinitive And Gerund Complements Among Low English Proficiency L1 Thai Learners, Passaraporn Suriyapee Jan 2021

The Use Of Corpus Consultation To Enhance The Acquisition Of L2 English Infinitive And Gerund Complements Among Low English Proficiency L1 Thai Learners, Passaraporn Suriyapee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to investigate how the corpus-based teaching approach could enhance L2 acquisition of English infinitive and gerund complements among low English proficiency L1 Thai young learners. Sixty-four secondary students were equally divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group learned English verbal complements through the corpus approach, while the control group did through the traditional teaching approach. Data were collected through a pretest, a posttest, and an interview. The results from the pretest revealed quite low scores on English infinitive and gerund complements in both participant groups and, based on the statistical data from …

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The Transfer Of Expressive Meaning In The Translation Of Thai Amplifiers In The Literary Works Into English, Maliwan Bunsorn Jan 2021

The Transfer Of Expressive Meaning In The Translation Of Thai Amplifiers In The Literary Works Into English, Maliwan Bunsorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study explores cross-language intensification in affirmative sentences by examining the translation of standard and strong amplifiers, words that scale upward from an assumed norm to emphasize a quality of any entities, from Thai into English, the types of shifts involved, as well as similarities and differences in the translation of amplifiers by native and non-native translators. The data comprises 1,254 source text amplifiers, which were drawn from a corpus of eight works of fiction in Thai and their English translations translated by professional translators. Research inquiries were made with two translators to identify decisions behind their translations. The analysis …

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Lexical Bundles In Mainstream Movie'and Noah Baumbach's Selected Film Scripts: A Corpus-Based Study Of Telecinematic Discourse, Runze Xu Jan 2021

Lexical Bundles In Mainstream Movie'and Noah Baumbach's Selected Film Scripts: A Corpus-Based Study Of Telecinematic Discourse, Runze Xu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The present study aims to investigate and compare language use in film scripts of American mainstream movies and in Noah Baumbach's, focusing on lexical bundles and their functional contributions to meanings and aesthetic values of the given texts. Two corpora were compiled as the datasets: Mainstream Film Corpus (MFC), which consists of 100 screenplays of top Hollywood blockbusters during 2005-2019, and Noah Baumbach Corpus (NBC), which contains five film scripts written by Noah Baumbach alone. Frequent four-word lexical bundles were extracted and approached qualitatively in terms of their functions, following Biber et al. (2004) and Biber (2006) as analytical frameworks. …

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Effects Of Working Memory On Structural Competition In Processing English Present Tense Morphology By L1 Thai Learners, Sonthaya Rattanasak Jan 2021

Effects Of Working Memory On Structural Competition In Processing English Present Tense Morphology By L1 Thai Learners, Sonthaya Rattanasak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In the course of second language (L2) acquisition, L2 grammatical processing is often found to be dissimilar to that of native speakers, and nonnative processing difficulties have been attributed to various sources. In the realms of agreement processing, whether both first language (L1) and L2 linguistic systems are co-activated simultaneously within a bilingual mind during grammatical processing remains an active question in language sciences. This study examined individual differences in terms of working memory capacity and distance-based complexity in L2 agreement processing. In two word-by-word self-paced reading experiments, a total of 80 agreement-lacking Thai learners of L2 English and 80 …

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A Learner Corpus-Based Study On The Use Of Spoken Discourse Markers By Thai Efl Learners, Zhaoyi Pan Jan 2021

A Learner Corpus-Based Study On The Use Of Spoken Discourse Markers By Thai Efl Learners, Zhaoyi Pan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research investigated and compared the use of English spoken discourse markers by Thai EFL learners and by native English speakers. Six English spoken discourse markers, namely like, so, well, you know, I think and I mean, are compared in two aspects: frequency and pragmatic function. A total of 60 learners were involved in the research: 30 Thai B1-level learners and 30 Thai C1-level EFL learners according to the CEFR standard. Spoken data in the genre of English daily conversation was collected and transcribed into written form to build a learner corpus for the analysis. The research examined the significant …

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Football As A Tactical Innovation For Mobilization: A Study Of Fc Barcelona And The Catalan Independence Movement, Phawin Seangkumchoo Jan 2021

Football As A Tactical Innovation For Mobilization: A Study Of Fc Barcelona And The Catalan Independence Movement, Phawin Seangkumchoo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The Catalan Independence Movement is the movement in the Northern region of Spain which aims to be independent from Spain cause of problems in politics and economic. The Catalan mobilization not only marches on the street but also plays their role through the Spanish political procedure. In Catalan, the referendum on independence was issued in 2009-2011, 2014, and 2017. This study focuses on the Catalan mobilization tactical innovation which uses football as a tool against Spain. In this case, football which was used mean ‘FC Barcelona,’ one of the famous football club in the world. This study aims to identify …

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The Karen Diaspora : Transnational Sense Of Belonging And Practices After The 2021 Myanmar Coup, Thinh Mai Phuc Jan 2021

The Karen Diaspora : Transnational Sense Of Belonging And Practices After The 2021 Myanmar Coup, Thinh Mai Phuc

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research examines the Karen diaspora’s transnational sense of belonging, ideological transition and tactics embodied in transnational activities after the 2021 Myanmar military coup. Looking at young Karen people in 5 host countries including the United States, Australia, Canada, Norway and Thailand, it is evident that those people in the diaspora still perceive the notion of homeland and maintain an emotional sense of belonging to their homeland after a long period of resettlement in host countries. In the context of the 2021 coup, those young people have engaged actively in transnational activities with various tactics used both on-site and online. …

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A Comparison Between Integrative And Instrumental Motivation Of Thai-Korean Language Learners, Koravan Teeramatvanit Jan 2021

A Comparison Between Integrative And Instrumental Motivation Of Thai-Korean Language Learners, Koravan Teeramatvanit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of this study is to examine the types of motivation of Thai­-Korean language learners and to find which type of motivation is dominant for Thai people learning Korean language. An online survey conducted between October and November 2021 collected 155 Thai-Korean language learners from two Korean language institutes certified by the Embassy of the Republic of Korea, namely Chiang Mai King Sejong Institute, and King Sejong Institute in Bangkok. For detailed analysis, the responses of 60 students and 95 non­students were further examined, mainly by comparing the mode of their responses. The results reveal that student and non-student …

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Predictors Of Time To Hospital Among People With Colorectal Cancer, Saimai Tumwijit Jan 2021

Predictors Of Time To Hospital Among People With Colorectal Cancer, Saimai Tumwijit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This retrospective, cross-sectional study aims to describe time to hospital, relating factors, and determine predictors of time to hospital among people with colorectal cancer. Multistage random sampling was used to yield a probability of 240 people with colorectal cancer visiting medical and surgical outpatient departments, oncology units, radiology units, endoscopic units, and inpatient departments. Research instruments consisted of personal information sheet, time to colorectal cancer diagnosis questionnaire, knowledge about colorectal cancer questionnaire (KR-20 = .786), The modified illness perception questionnaire-revised (a = .674 - .836), health care seeking behavior questionnaire (a = .706), and perceived seriousness of warning signs and …

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Differences Of Sound And Morphology In Skeletal Class Iii Patients, Natthaporn Pravitharangul Jan 2021

Differences Of Sound And Morphology In Skeletal Class Iii Patients, Natthaporn Pravitharangul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

[Background] This study aimed to explore differences in vowel production using acoustic analysis in skeletal Class III and Class I Japanese participants, and to investigate the correlation between vowel sounds and cephalometric variables in skeletal Class III subjects. [Materials and Methods] Japanese males with skeletal Class III (ANB<0°) and Class I skeletal relationships (0.62°

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Effects Of Selected Aroma Compounds On Physiological Activities And Emotions, Akarat Sivaphongthongchai Jan 2021

Effects Of Selected Aroma Compounds On Physiological Activities And Emotions, Akarat Sivaphongthongchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Current literature has revealed the effects and therapeutic properties of a wide variety of aromatic compounds but studies on the inhalation effects of single aromatic compounds in terms of central nervous system, emotional states and autonomic nervous system are still very limited. So, this study aimed to examine the physiological and emotional effects of selected volatile compounds inhalation namely d-borneol (BO), d-camphor (CH), methyl eugenol (ME), methyl chavicol (MC) using scientific techniques on autonomic nervous system (ANS), self-evaluated questionnaire on emotional states and brain wave activities. Sweet almond oil was used as a carrier oil and a diluent control. This …

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Rohingya Refugee Assimilation In Bangladesh : A Case Study Of Cox’S Bazar, Safen Roy Jan 2021

Rohingya Refugee Assimilation In Bangladesh : A Case Study Of Cox’S Bazar, Safen Roy

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Refugees and forced migration are recurrent tragedies in today's world. Despite the efforts of international organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to address the global refugee crisis, there are obstacles to overcome and a negative attitude toward refugees among host nations. In most situations involving developing countries, host towns struggle to manage their populations and the influx of refugees. This thesis aims to look at the Rohingya refugee surge in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a developing country reliant on international assistance to deal with the Rohingya influx in 2017. With the influx of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, this paper demonstrates that the …

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An Implementation Of Close Reading Instruction To Promote English Reading Comprehension Of Secondary School Students, Apiwat Piyasakulchai Jan 2021

An Implementation Of Close Reading Instruction To Promote English Reading Comprehension Of Secondary School Students, Apiwat Piyasakulchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Close reading has become the means to help readers promote comprehension of complex texts. This study implemented the Close Reading instruction for Thai EFL secondary school students and explored their use of close reading strategies. Eighteen secondary school students participated in eleventh weeks to examine the effects of Close Reading instruction on their English reading comprehension. The research instruments were (1) English Reading Comprehension Test, (2) Close Reading Strategies Questionnaire, and (3) Semi-Structured Interview. Results from the paired sample t-test, at a significance level of .05, revealed that students significantly improved reading comprehension after they participated in the Close Reading …

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Effects Of Extensive Reading On Reading Fluency And Reading Comprehension Of Primary Grade Students In Bhutanese Esl Context, Kinley Pem Jan 2021

Effects Of Extensive Reading On Reading Fluency And Reading Comprehension Of Primary Grade Students In Bhutanese Esl Context, Kinley Pem

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study explored the effects of extensive reading on reading comprehension and reading fluency of Bhutanese primary grade students. The participants were 16 fourth grade students in one of the primary schools in Bhutan. The study involved 12 weeks of extensive reading instruction. Participants were introduced to extensive reading, acquainted to selecting appropriate books, and a large number of graded readers with enjoyable content were supplied, and participants read as many books as they could. For the quantitative data, pre-and post-test results of reading comprehension and reading fluency were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. For qualitative data, semi-structured interviews …

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