Digital Commons Network^™

Association Of Genetic Variances In Adrb1 And Ppargc1a With Two-Kilometre Running Time-Trial Performance In Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study, Ysabel Jacob, Ryan S. Anderton, Jodie L. Cochrane Wilkie, Brent Rogalski, Simon M. Laws, Anthony Jones, Tania Spiteri, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Abstract: Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4343), alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) (rs1815739), adrenoceptor-beta-1 (ADRB1) (rs1801253), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) (rs8192678) genes have previously been associated with elite athletic performance. This study assessed the influence of polymorphisms in these candidate genes towards endurance test performance in 46 players from a single Australian Football League (AFL) team. Each player provided saliva buccal swab samples for DNA analysis and genotyping and were required to perform two independent two-kilometre running time-trials, six weeks apart. Linear mixed models were created to account for repeated measures over time and to determine whether …

Functional Maturation Of Immature Β Cells: A Roadblock For Stem Cell Therapy For Type 1 Diabetes, Zi-Yi Sun, Ting-Yan Yu, Fang-Xu Jiang, Wei Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by the specific destruction of pancreatic islet β cells and is characterized as the absolute insufficiency of insulin secretion. Current insulin replacement therapy supplies insulin in a non-physiological way and is associated with devastating complications. Experimental islet transplantation therapy has been proven to restore glucose homeostasis in people with severe T1DM. However, it is restricted by many factors such as severe shortage of donor sources, progressive loss of donor cells, high cost, etc. As pluripotent stem cells have the potential to give rise to all cells including islet β …

Using Exercise And Nutrition To Alter Fat And Lean Mass In Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy: A Narrative Review, Rebekah L. Wilson, Dennis R. Taaffe, Robert U. Newton, Nicolas H. Hart, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Daniel A. Galvao

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Fat mass (FM) gain and lean mass (LM) loss are common side effects for patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Excess FM has been associated with an increased risk of developing obesity-related comorbidities, exacerbating prostate cancer progression, and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality. LM is the predominant contributor to resting metabolic rate, with any loss impacting long-term weight management as well as physical function. Therefore, reducing FM and preserving LM may improve patient-reported outcomes, risk of disease progression, and ameliorate comorbidity development. In ADT-treated patients, exercise and nutrition programs can lead to improvements in quality of life and …

Flavonoid Intake And Incident Dementia In The Danish Diet, Cancer, And Health Cohort, Catherine P. Bondonno, Nicola P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Kevin Murray, Samantha L. Gardener, Ralph N. Martins, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Aedín Cassidy, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Cecilie Kyrø, Gunnar Gislason, Augustin Scalbert, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

No abstract provided.

Vegetable Nitrate Intake, Blood Pressure And Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Danish Diet, Cancer, And Health Study, Catherine P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Kevin Murray, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Cecilie Kyrø, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar Gislason, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Nicola P. Bondonno, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Whether the vascular effects of inorganic nitrate, observed in clinical trials, translate to a reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with habitual dietary nitrate intake in prospective studies warrants investigation. We aimed to determine if vegetable nitrate, the major dietary nitrate source, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and lower risk of incident CVD. Among 53,150 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study, without CVD at baseline, vegetable nitrate intake was assessed using a comprehensive vegetable nitrate database. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using restricted cubic splines based on multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. During 23 years of …

Educational Outcomes Of Adolescents Participating In Specialist Sport Programs In Low Ses Areas Of Western Australia: A Mixed Methods Study, Eibhlish O'Hara, Craig Harms, Fadi Ma'ayah, Craig Speelman

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Specialist Sport Programs (SSPs) are an underexamined activity that combines the best features of two different contexts for adolescent development: a sporting program and a secondary school. A mixed-methods study was conducted to determine the influence of participation in SSPs on the educational outcomes of lower secondary students in Western Australia. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in specialist students' mean grade for Mathematics over the course of a year, while their mean grade for all other subjects, and their level of engagement with school, remained stable over the same period of time. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with key …

A Novel Augmented Deep Transfer Learning For Classification Of Covid-19 And Other Thoracic Diseases From X-Rays, Fouzia Atlaf, Syed M. S. Islam, Naeem K. Janjua

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Deep learning has provided numerous breakthroughs in natural imaging tasks. However, its successful application to medical images is severely handicapped with the limited amount of annotated training data. Transfer learning is commonly adopted for the medical imaging tasks. However, a large covariant shift between the source domain of natural images and target domain of medical images results in poor transfer learning. Moreover, scarcity of annotated data for the medical imaging tasks causes further problems for effective transfer learning. To address these problems, we develop an augmented ensemble transfer learning technique that leads to significant performance gain over the conventional transfer …

Exercise Medicine In The Management Of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review, Hao Luo, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton, Pedro Lopez Da Cruz, Colin Tang, Ciaran M. Fairman, Nigel Spry, Dennis R. Taaffe

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the health-related effects of exercise in patients with pancreatic cancer (PanCa) through a systematic review of current evidence. Studies were obtained through searching PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library databases with additional hand searches. All intervention-based studies were included if it involved (1) adult patients with PanCa, (2) exercise training, and (3) findings in quality of life, cancer-related fatigue, psychological distress, and physical function. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42020154684. Seven trials described in 9 publications were included consisting of 201 patients with early-stage and …

Association Of Β-Amyloid Level, Clinical Progression And Longitudinal Cognitive Change In Normal Older Individuals, Laura M. Van Der Krall, Thanh Truong, Samantha C. Burnham, Vincent Doré, Rachel S. Mulligan, Svetlana Bozinovski, Fiona Lamb, Pierrick Bourgeat, Jurgen Fripp, Stephanie Schultz, Yen Y. Lim, Simon M. Laws, David Ames, Christopher Fowler, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Ralph N. Martins, Olivier Salvado, Joanne Robertson, Paul Maruff, Colin L. Masters, Victor L. Villemagne, Christopher C. Rowe

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective To determine the effect of β-amyloid (Aβ) level on progression risk to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia and longitudinal cognitive change in cognitively normal (CN) older individuals. Methods All CN from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle study with Aβ PET and ≥ 3 years follow-up were included (n = 534; age 72 ± 6 years; 27% Aβ positive; follow-up 5.3 ± 1.7 years). Aβ level was divided using the standardized 0–100 Centiloid scale: < 15 CL negative, 15–25 CL uncertain, 26–50 CL moderate, 51–100 CL high, > 100 CL very high, noting > 25 CL approximates a positive scan. Cox proportional hazards analysis and linear mixed effect models were used to assess …

A Narrative Review Of The Pharmacological, Cultural And Psychological Literature On Ibogaine, Martie S. Underwood, Stephen J. Bright, B. Les Lancaster

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid contained in the West African plant Tabernanthe iboga. Although preliminary, evidence suggests that ibogaine could be effective in the treatment of certain substance use disorders, specifically opioid use disorder. This narrative review concentrated on the pharmacological, cultural and psychological aspects of ibogaine that contribute to its reputed effectiveness with a specific focus on the ibogaine state of consciousness. Although the exact pharmacological mechanisms for ibogaine are still speculative, the literature highlighted its role as an NMDA antagonist in the effective treatment of substance use disorders. The cultural aspects associated with the use of ibogaine pose …

Utilizing The Food–Pathogen Metabolome To Putatively Identify Biomarkers For The Detection Of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. Coli (Stec) From Spinach, Snehal R. Jadhav, Rohan M. Shah, Avinash V. Karpe, Robert S. Barlow, Kate E. Mcmillan, Michelle L. Colgrave, David J. Beale

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) are an important cause of foodborne disease globally with many outbreaks linked to the consumption of contaminated foods such as leafy greens. Existing methods for STEC detection and isolation are time-consuming. Rapid methods may assist in preventing contaminated products from reaching consumers. This proof-of-concept study aimed to determine if a metabolomics approach could be used to detect STEC contamination in spinach. Using untargeted metabolic profiling, the bacterial pellets and supernatants arising from bacterial and inoculated spinach enrichments were investigated for the presence of unique metabolites that enabled categorization of three E. coli risk groups. A …

Supply Chain Integration Enables Resilience, Flexibility, And Innovation To Improve Business Performance In Covid-19 Era, Hotlan Siagian, Zeplin J. H. Tarigan, Ferry Jie

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a sudden change from normal conditions to disruption conditions, and industrial sectors have experienced eroded growth. In particular, the manufacturing industry experienced a slowdown due to the sudden disruption in supply and demand. This situation stimulates the manufacturing industry to recover from this current challenging disruption. This study investigates the impact of supply chain integration on business performance through supply chain resilience, supply chain flexibility, and innovation system in Indonesia’s manufacturing companies. Data collection has obtained as many as 470 questionnaires considered valid for further analysis. Data analysis used the partial least square (PLS) …

The Impact Of Nurse Staffing Methodologies On Nurse And Patient Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Diane E. Twigg, Lisa Whitehead, Gemma Doleman, Sonia El-Zaemey

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Aim

Aim of this study is to systematically review and synthesize available evidence to identify the association between nurse staffing methodologies and nurse and patient outcomes.

Design

Systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Data sources

A search of MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO) and Web of Science was conducted for studies published in English between January 2000 and January 2020.

Review methods

The reporting of this review and narrative synthesis was guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic and meta-analysis guidelines (PRISMA) statement and data synthesis guided by the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guideline. The quality of each article was assessed …

The Cognitive Development Of Food Taste Perception In A Food Tourism Destination: A Gastrophysics Approach, Sangkyun (Sean) Kim, Eerang Park, Yi Fu, Fan Jiang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study aims to explore the nature and processes involved in the cognitive development of food tourist's taste perception and identify cognitive factors influencing their food taste experience in the context of a food tourism destination. Adopting a gastrophysics approach, this exploratory qualitative research analyses food taste perceptions of Chinese domestic tourists during their visit to the Hangzhou Cuisine Museum and its associated restaurants. The findings suggest that prior knowledge formation as a manifestation of cognitive signs relating to Hangzhou cuisine and interpretive cognitive information acquired at the museum exhibition, greatly affect the tourists' local food taste experiences: these comprise …

Genome Wide Association Study Of Response To Interval And Continuous Exercise Training: The Predict-Hiit Study, Camilla J. Williams, Zhixiu Li, Nicholas Harvey, Rodney A. Lea, Brendon J. Gurd, Jacob T. Bonafiglia, Ioannis Papadimitriou, Macsue Jacques, Ilaria Croci, Dorthe Stensvold, Ulrik Wisloff, Jenna L. Taylor, Trishan Gajanand, Emily R. Cox, Joyce S. Ramos, Robert G. Fassett, Jonathan P. Little, Monique E. Francois, Christopher M. Hearon Jr, Satyam Sarma, Sylvan L. J. E. Janssen, Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck, Paul Beckers, Véronique A. Cornelissen, Erin J. Howden, Shelley E. Keating, Xu Yan, David J. Bishop, Anja Bye, Larisa M. Haupt, Lyn R. Griffiths, Kevin J. Ashton, Matthew A. Brown, Luciana Torquati, Nir Eynon, Jeff S. Coombes

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇O2peak) is highly associated with chronic disease and mortality from all causes. Whilst exercise training is recommended in health guidelines to improve V̇O2peak, there is considerable inter-individual variability in the V̇O2peak response to the same dose of exercise. Understanding how genetic factors contribute to V̇O2peak training response may improve personalisation of exercise programs. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants that are associated with the magnitude of V̇O2peak response following exercise training. Methods: Participant change in objectively measured V̇O2peak from 18 different interventions was obtained from a multi-centre study (Predict-HIIT). A genome-wide association …

Mixed Methods Study Into Social Impacts Of Work-Related Heat Stress On Ghanaian Mining Workers: A Pragmatic Research Approach, Victor Fannam Nunfam

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Although mixed methods research proves significant in understanding complex social phenomenon, inadequate research has explored its utility in heat exposure studies. The convergent mixed methods analysis comprising 320 surveys and two focus group interviews were used to evaluate the social impacts of occupational heat stress on Ghanaian mineworkers to enlighten policy choices for the purpose of complementarity. The study contributes to mixed methods study by affirming the practical use of between-method triangulation and complementarity. The merged quantitative and qualitative results also showed adequate corroboration and complementarity between both data, to illustrate the social impacts of work-related heat stress on mining …

Effect Of Exercise Adjunct To Radiation And Androgen Deprivation Therapy On Patient-Reported Treatment Toxicity In Men With Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis Of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials, Oliver Schumacher, Daniel A. Galvão, Dennis R. Taaffe, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Colin Tang, Raphael Chee, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose: Physical inactivity, in addition to clinical factors, has been associated with higher levels of late pelvic symptoms in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a structured multicomponent exercise program comprised of aerobic and resistance training as well as impact loading on the prevalence and severity of symptoms commonly resulting from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and pelvic radiation therapy. Methods and Materials: We performed a secondary analysis of pooled data from 2 randomized controlled trials that investigated the role of exercise on treatment-related side effects in patients …

Communication Surrounding Initiation And Withdrawal Of Non-Invasive Ventilation In Adults With Motor Neuron(E) Disease: Clinicians’ And Family Members’ Perspectives, Charlotte Chapman, Sara Bayes, Moira Sim

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction: International guidelines recommend that health care clinicians communicate with people with MND and their family members about non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and percutaneous gastrostomy tube (PEG) prior to or at the onset of respiratory symptoms. This study sought to discover the degree to which these recommendations are followed in practice.

Methods: Interpretive Description methodology was employed. Nineteen clinicians experienced in caring for people with MND, six relatives of recently deceased people with MND and one person with MND participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. Clinicians’ accounts of NIV and PEG related communications were compared to family member participants’ recollections of their …

Resistance Training Load Effects On Muscle Hypertrophy And Strength Gain: Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis, Pedro Lopez, Régis Radaelli, Dennis R. Taaffe, Robert U. Newton, Daniel A. Galvão, Gabriel S. Trajano, Juliana L. Teodoro, William J. Kraemer, Keijo Häkkinen, Ronei S. Pinto

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the effect of resistance training (RT) performed until volitional failure with low, moderate, and high loads on muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength in healthy adults and to assess the possible participant-, design-, and training-related covariates that may affect the adaptations. Methods Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Including only studies that performed sets to volitional failure, the effects of low- ( > 15 repetitions maximum (RM)), moderate- (9-15 RM), and high-load ( ≤ 8 RM) RTs were examined in healthy …

Impact Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Outbreak Quarantine, Isolation, And Lockdown Policies On Mental Health And Suicide, Balasankar Ganesan, Adel Al-Jumaily, Kenneth N. K. Fong, Palak Prasad, Surendra Kumar Meena, Raymond Kai-Yu Tong

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has made a huge impact on people's physical and mental health, and it remains a cause of death for many all over the world. To prevent the spread of coronavirus infection, different types of public health measures (social isolation, quarantine, lockdowns, and curfews) have been imposed by governments. However, mental health experts warn that the prolonged lockdown, quarantine, or isolation will create a “second pandemic” with severe mental health issues and suicides. The quarantined or isolated people may suffer from various issues such as physical inactivity, mental health, economic and social problems. As with …

Covid-19 Disease Severity And Death In Relation To Vitamin D Status Among Sars-Cov-2-Positive Uae Residents, Habiba Alsafar, William B. Grant, Rafiq Hijazi, Maimunah Uddin, Nawal Alkaabi, Guan Tay, Bassam Mahboub, Fatme Al Anouti

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Insufficient blood levels of the neurohormone vitamin D are associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and mortality. Despite the global rollout of vaccinations and promising preliminary results, the focus remains on additional preventive measures to manage COVID-19. Results conflict on vitamin D’s plausible role in preventing and treating COVID-19. We examined the relation between vitamin D status and COVID-19 severity and mortality among the multiethnic population of the United Arab Emirates. Our observational study used data for 522 participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at one of the main hospitals in Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Only 464 of those …

Summary Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (Fasd) Among Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People, Australian Indigenous Healthinfonet

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a condition caused by alcohol exposure before birth. During pregnancy, alcohol freely crosses the placenta. The baby cannot process the alcohol and this may result in damage to the baby’s brain and body. Not all babies exposed to alcohol during pregnancy will develop FASD, but there is no safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy. FASD is a lifelong condition that results in cognitive, physical and behavioural disabilities. FASD occurs everywhere in Australia where people drink alcohol. Many women drink during pregnancy before they know they are pregnant and there is a lack of …

Fathers’ Experiences Of Feeding Their Extremely Preterm Infants In Family-Centred Neonatal Intensive Care: A Qualitative Study, Evalotte Mörelius, Sofia Brogren, Sandra Andersson, Siw Alehagen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Extremely preterm infants need advanced intensive care for survival and are usually not discharged before they reach the time of expected birth. In a family-centred neonatal intensive care unit both parents are involved at all levels of care including the feeding process. However, studies focusing on fathers in this situation are scarce. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of feeding extremely preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit from fathers’ perspectives.

Methods:

The study adopts a qualitative inductive method, reported according to the COREQ checklist. Seven fathers of extremely preterm infants (gestational age 24–27 …

Dietary Fibre Intervention For Gut Microbiota, Sleep, And Mental Health In Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Scoping Review, Ran Yan, Lesley J. Andrew, Evania Marlow, Kanita Kunaratnam, Amanda Devine, Ian C. Dunican, Claus T. Christophersen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting 4–5% of the global population. This disorder is associated with gut microbiota, diet, sleep, and mental health. This scoping review therefore aims to map existing research that has administrated fibre-related dietary intervention to IBS individuals and reported outcomes on at least two of the three following themes: gut microbiota, sleep, and mental health. Five digital databases were searched to identify and select papers as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five articles were included in the assessment, where none reported on all three themes or the combination of gut …

Evaluation Of Work-Integrated Learning: A Realist Synthesis And Toolkit To Enhance University Evaluative Practices, Elizabeth J. Cook

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Situated in the context of work-integrated learning (WIL), this paper aims to build the evaluative capacity of universities in response to an increasing need for evaluation in higher education. It contributes a realist synthesis of international peer-reviewed literature on university evaluation of WIL, which revealed no use of evaluation theory or approaches by the authors. In response, to support the enhancement of university evaluative practices, this paper offers a toolkit of evaluation theory and approaches, with examples relating to WIL, featuring an evaluation planning tool (RUFDATAE). RUFDATAE is demonstrated using a study from the realist synthesis, to highlight its relevance, …

Revealing Meaning From Story: The Application Of Narrative Inquiry To Explore The Factors That Influence Decision Making In Relation To The Withdrawal Of Life-Sustaining Treatment In The Intensive Care Unit, Fiona Foxall, Deborah Sundin, Amanda Towell-Barnard Phd, Mnursing, Beverly Ewens, Vivien Kemp, Davina Porock

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This paper considers the effectiveness of narrative inquiry as a research method in collecting and analyzing stories from a purposive sample of intensive care nurses and doctors, regarding their perceptions of the factors that influence decision-making in relation to the withdrawal of life sustaining treatment. Delaying the withdrawal of treatment when it is clearly indicated, may result in unnecessary patient suffering at the end of life, distress for the family as well as moral distress for staff. In narrative inquiry participants’ first-hand accounts of their experiences are told through story; the focus of analysis is the story, with the story …

Beliefs About Illness And Treatment Decision Modelling During Ill-Health In Arabic Families, Diana Arabiat, Lisa Whitehead, Mohammad Al Jabery, Ayman Hamdan-Mansour, Abeer Shaheen, Eman Abu Sabbah

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: The use of self-prescribed antibiotics and other unproven herbal remedies is common in the Arab world. Understanding how family members decide to manage illness is an important priority for health care providers.

Purpose: This paper presents a new model that can be viewed as an extension to the Health Belief Model and help clarifies the cognitive processes families use to manage illness in an Arab family in Jordan. It aims to generate an understanding of family beliefs about the causes of illness and appraisal of how best to manage illness in an Arab family.

Methods: A qualitative approach using …

Cdk5 Positively Regulates Notch1 Signaling In Pancreatic Cancer Cells By Phosphorylation, Qiaoyun Chu, Liyong Wang, Jie Zhang, Wei Wang, Youxin Wang

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The marked overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) or Notch1 receptor, which plays critical roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, has been detected in numerous PDAC cell lines and tissues. Although, a previous study has demonstrated that CDK5 inhibition disrupts Notch1 functions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, the mechanism underlying Notch1 activation regulated by CDK5 remains unclear. Herein, we identified a physical interaction between CDK5 and Notch1 in PDAC cells, with the Notch1 peptide phosphorylated by CDK5/p25 kinase. CDK5 blockade resulted in the profound inhibition of Notch signaling. Accordingly, CDK5 inhibition sensitized PDAC cell proliferation and migration following …

Effects Of Spaceflight On Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Considerations For Interplanetary Travel, Paul Comfort, John J. Mcmahon, Paul A. Jones, Matthew Cuthbert, Kristina Kendall, Jason P. Lake, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: If interplanetary travel is to be successful over the coming decades, it is essential that countermeasures to minimize deterioration of the musculoskeletal system are as effective as possible, given the increased duration of spaceflight associated with such missions. The aim of this review, therefore, is to determine the magnitude of deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system during prolonged spaceflight and recommend possible methods to enhance the existing countermeasures. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid and Scopus databases. 5541 studies were identified prior to the removal of duplicates and the application of the following inclusion criteria: (1) group …

Human Ips Cells Engender Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells With Holoclone-Forming Capabilities, Shinya Watanabe, Ryuhei Hayashi, Yuzuru Sasamoto, Motokazu Tsujikawa, Bruce R. Ksander, Markus H. Frank, Andrew J. Quantock, Natasha Y. Frank, Kohji Nishida

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can generate a multiplicity of organoids, yet no compelling evidence currently exists as to whether or not these contain tissue-specific, holoclone-forming stem cells. Here, we show that a subpopulation of cells in a hiPSC-derived corneal epithelial cell sheet is positive for ABCB5 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 5), a functional marker of adult corneal epithelial stem cells. These cells possess remarkable holoclone-forming capabilities, which can be suppressed by an antibody-mediated ABCB5 blockade. The cell sheets are generated from ABCB5+ hiPSCs that first emerge in 2D eye-like organoids around six weeks of differentiation and display …