Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of Intubation Timing On The Outcome Of Patients With Severe Respiratory Distress Secondary To Covid-19 Pneumonia., Mohamed Fayed, Nimesh Patel, Nicholas S. Yeldo, Katherine A. Nowak, Donald H. Penning, Felipe Vasconcelos Torres, Abdul Kader Natour, Anoop Chhina

Anesthesiology Articles

Background: The optimal timing of intubation for critically ill patients with severe respiratory illness remains controversial among healthcare providers. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised even more questions about when to implement this life-saving therapy. While one group of providers prefers early intubation for patients with respiratory distress because these patients may deteriorate rapidly without it, other providers believe that intubation should be delayed or avoided because of its associated risks including worse outcomes.

Research question: Our objective was to assess whether the timing of intubation in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with differences in mortality …

Exhibit Me / Prohibit Me, Alok Vaid-Menon

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

No abstract provided.

Prevention Of Organ-Specific Doxorubicin Induced Toxicity Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling And Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Hillary Husband

Doctoral Dissertations

Physiology-based pharmacokinetic models are mathematical models that characterize the behavior of a drug and have compartmental equations that are representative of specific tissues and physiological processes.[1, 2] Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that is effective and widely used in anticancer therapy due to its potent cytotoxicity. Unfortunately, with that potency comes cardiotoxic side effects related to cumulative lifetime dose.[3] Specifically, the toxicity is related to the accumulation of the primary metabolite doxorubicinol (DOXol) in the heart.[4] Since the toxicity is organ-specific, the best way to characterize the behavior is through PBPK modeling.[2] Since PBPK models tend to be large systems …

Crossing The Blood-Brain Barrier Using Peptide Vectors For The Treatment Of Traumatic Brain Injury, Jolin P. Rodrigues

Doctoral Dissertations

Here, the BBB-crossing ability of a Trojan horse peptide conjugated to a short therapeutic peptide was evaluated, with the aim to halt the progression of TBI-associated neuronal damage in a mouse experimental model of TBI. An associated study was also conducted to develop a new biosensor to probe hydrogen peroxide – a biomarker of chronic inflammation in the brain. The long-term goal of this study was to assess the regenerative or neuroprotective effect of this potential therapeutic peptide on neural disease pathology, thus expanding the known library of BBB-crossing peptides, and developing new tools for the study of inflammation, such …

Ketamine For Refractory Chronic Migraine: An Observational Pilot Study And Metabolite Analysis., Eric S. Schwenk, Marc C. Torjman, Ruin Moaddel, Jacqueline Lovett, Daniel Katz, William Denk, Clinton Lauritsen, Stephen D. Silberstein, Irving W. Wainer

Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Papers

Patients with refractory chronic migraine have substantial disability and have failed many acute and preventive medications. When aggressive intravenous therapy is indicated, both lidocaine and (R,S)-ketamine infusions have been used successfully to provide relief. Retrospective studies have shown that both agents may be associated with short-term analgesia. In this prospective, observational pilot study of 6 patients, we compared the effects of lidocaine and (R,S)-ketamine infusions and performed metabolite analyses of (R,S)-ketamine to determine its metabolic profile in this population. One of (R,S)-ketamine's metabolites, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, has been shown in animal studies to reduce pain, but human studies in patients undergoing continuous …

The Influence Of Intrinsic Motivational Forces On Consumers’ Product Purchase Intentions, Sumera Syed, Syed R. H. Shah, Fauziah S. Ahmad

Journal of Mediterranean Tourism Research

Food is perceived as the top most surviving need of humans since their existence. With the passage of time, this need has been further revolutionized with added requirements of safety and hygienic factors. Halal food having both of these factors, has gained popularity among both Muslims and non-Muslims consumers. Despite of ever increasing trend of Halal food consumption, the research to uncap this amazingly growing sector is still in its infancy stages. Interestingly, the role of intrinsic motivation in shaping up intention of the consumers for Halal food purchase is still not well explored. This study has addressed this untapped …

The Zombies Of Bitter Lake, Karly Jade Catto

Individual Item Submissions

A story about the zombies that live at the bottom of Bitter Lake in Seattle, WA.

Protein Appetite At The Interface Between Nutrient Sensing And Physiological Homeostasis, Md Shahjalal Khan, Redin A. Spann, Heike Münzberg, Sangho Yu, Vance L. Albaugh, Yanlin He, Hans Rudolf Berthoud, Christopher D. Morrison

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Feeding behavior is guided by multiple competing physiological needs, as animals must sense their internal nutritional state and then identify and consume foods that meet nutritional needs. Dietary protein intake is necessary to provide essential amino acids and represents a specific, distinct nutritional need. Consistent with this importance, there is a relatively strong body of literature indicating that protein intake is defended, such that animals sense the restriction of protein and adaptively alter feeding behavior to increase protein intake. Here, we argue that this matching of food consumption with physiological need requires at least two concurrent mechanisms: the first being …

A Shift To Human Body Temperature (37°C) Rapidly Reprograms Multiple Adaptive Responses In Escherichia Coli That Would Facilitate Niche Survival And Colonization, Anastasia Gant Kanegusuku, Isidora N. Stankovic, Pamela A. Cote-Hammarlof, Priscilla H. Yong, Christine A. White-Ziegler

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

One of the first environmental cues sensed by a microbe as it enters a human host is an upshift in temperature to 37°C. In this dynamic time point analysis, we demonstrate that this environmental transition rapidly signals a multitude of gene expression changes in Escherichia coli. Bacteria grown at 23°C under aerobic conditions were shifted to 37°C, and mRNA expression was measured at time points after the shift to 37°C (t = 0.5, 1, and 4 h). The first hour is characterized by a transient shift to anaerobic respiration strategies and stress responses, particularly acid resistance, indicating that temperature serves …

Muhlenberg Magic, Lehigh Valley Health Network

LVHN documents

No abstract provided.

Donor Perception And Intention Impacting Nonprofit Organizations, Emily Brohawn

Senior Honors Theses

The perception of a donor and their inevitable intention as it relates to their formed opinion is the framework of consumer-organizational interaction within the world of nonprofits. Realizing the elements that directly influence the perception one forms of an organization allows businesses to discover the best ways to market their message and present themselves in a way they deem most appropriate. Understanding an organization’s influence and ability to manipulate the view of the consumer plays a large part in the nonprofit sector, determining how much a nonprofit will be supported by potential donors. The donor behavior that relays their perception …

A Reference Genome For The Nectar-Robbing Black-Throated Flowerpiercer (Diglossa Brunneiventris), A E. Hiller, R T. Brumfield, B C. Faircloth

Faculty Publications

Black-throated Flowerpiercers (Diglossa brunneiventris) are one species representing a phenotypically specialized group of tanagers (Thraupidae) that have hooked bills which allow them to feed by stealing nectar from the base of flowers. Members of the genus are widely distributed in montane regions from Mexico to northern Argentina, and previous studies of Diglossa have focused on their systematics, phylogenetics, and interesting natural history. Despite numerous studies of species within the genus, no genome assembly exists to represent these nectivorous tanagers. We described the assembly of a genome sequence representing a museum-vouchered, wild, female D. brunneiventris collected in Peru. By combining Pacific …

Resistance To Aflatoxin Accumulation In Maize Mediated By Host-Induced Silencing Of The Aspergillus Flavus Alkaline Protease (Alk) Gene, Olanike Omolehin, Yenjit Raruang, Dongfang Hu, Zhu Qiang Han, Qijian Wei, Kan Wang, Kanniah Rajasekaran, Jeffrey W. Cary, Zhi Yuan Chen

Faculty Publications

Aspergillus flavus is a fungal pathogen that infects maize and produces aflatoxins. Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) has been shown to reduce host infection by various fungal pathogens. Here, the A. flavus alkaline protease (alk) gene was targeted for silencing through HIGS. An RNAi vector carrying a portion of the alk gene was incorporated into the B104 maize genome. Four out of eight transformation events containing the alk gene, Alk-3, Alk-4, Alk-7 and Alk-9, were self-pollinated to T4/T6 generations. At T3, the Alk-transgenic lines showed up to 87% reduction in aflatoxin accumulation under laboratory conditions. T4 transgenic Alk-3 and Alk-7 lines, …

Effects Of Cover Crops On Beetle Assemblages In Tea Plantations, Li Lin Chen, Gabor Pozsgai, Xiang Yu Li, Lei Li, Gadi V.P. Reddy, Min Sheng You

Faculty Publications

Coleoptera are visible members of food webs in tea plantations, with high species richness and abundance. Many tea pests, as well as natural enemies, are members of this order, so a knowledge of how groundcovers affect beetles can aid pest management. We collected beetles in a replicated field experiment in the Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province, China. Tea was intercropped with Paspalum notatum or Chamaecrista rotundifolia, or rows were cleared to bare ground, or in the control they were left unmanaged to allow weeds to grow naturally. Sampling, done by sweep netting and vegetation beating, was conducted monthly, between May 2006 …

Murine Trophoblast Stem Cells And Their Differentiated Cells Attenuate Zika Virus In Vitro By Reducing Glycosylation Of The Viral Envelope Protein, Biswas Neupane, Mona Fendereski, Farzana Nazneen, Yanlin Guo, Fengwei Bai

Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause devastating fetal neuropathological abnormalities, including microcephaly. Most studies of ZIKV infection in pregnancy have focused on post-implantation stage embryos. Currently, we have limited knowledge about how a pre-implantation stage embryo deals with a viral infection. This study investigates ZIKV infection on mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and their in vitro differentiated TSCs (DTSCs), which resemble the cellular components of the trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst that later develops into the placenta. We demonstrate that TSCs and DTSCs are permissive to ZIKV infection; however, ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs exhibit substantially lower …

Next-Generation Ensemble Projections Reveal Higher Climate Risks For Marine Ecosystems, Derek P. Tittensor, Camilla Novaglio, Cheryl S. Harrison, Ryan F. Heneghan, Nicolas Barrier, Daniele Bianchi, Laurent Bopp, Andrea Bryndum-Buchholz, Gregory L. Britten, Matthias Büchner, William W. L. Cheung, Villy Christensen, Marta Coll, John P. Dunne, Tyler D. Eddy, Jason D. Everett, Jose A. Fernandes-Salvador, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Eric D. Galbraith, Didier Gascuel, Jerome Guiet, Jasmin G. John, Jason S. Link, Heike K. Lotze, Olivier Maury, Kelly Ortega-Cisneros, Juliano Palacios-Abrantes, Colleen M. Petrik, Hubert Du Pontavice, Jonathan Rault, Anthony J. Richardson, Lynne Shannon, Yunne-Jai Shin

Faculty Publications

AbstractProjections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems have revealed long-term declines in global marine animal biomass and unevenly distributed impacts on fisheries. Here we apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems. Compared with the previous generation CMIP5-forced Fish-MIP ensemble, the new ensemble ecosystem simulations show a greater decline in mean global ocean animal biomass under both strong-mitigation …

Word-Learning Trajectories Influence Long-Term Recall In Children With Developmental Language Disorder And Typical Development, Justin B. Kueser, Laurence B. Leonard, Patricia Deevy, Eileen Haebig, Jeffrey D. Karpicke

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have difficulties learning words. However, the severity of these difficulties can be reduced through word learning procedures that incorporate repeated spaced retrieval (RSR). Previous studies have shown positive outcomes with RSR but we still know very little about how learning unfolds with this procedure. In this study, we focus on the process of learning under RSR. Methods: We analyze the learning data from children with DLD and with typical development (TD) from three recent studies using RSR. We fit growth curves to the trial-by-trial learning data for immediate and spaced retrieval trials and …

Development Of An Open Hardware 3-D Printed Conveyor Device For Continuous Cryopreservation Of Non-Batched Samples, Yue Liu, Melissa Eskridge, Amy Guitreau, Jacob Beckham, Megan Chesnut, Leticia Torres, Terrence R. Tiersch, William Todd Monroe

Faculty Publications

A great challenge among communities participating in germplasm repository development is to obtain suitable cryopreservation equipment and devices. Commercial programmable freezers are costly and thus unaffordable to many users. Self-made devices have substantial variability, resulting in few opportunities for standardization across communities. The development of open hardware with the increasing accessibility of three-dimensional (3-D) printing offers rapid prototyping and easy fabrication of devices by users around the world at low cost. The present study explored the feasibility of developing operational prototypes of 3-D printed motorized cryopreservation devices for continuous freezing of non-batched samples. A controlled cooling conveyor device (CCCD) was …

Rickettsia Conorii Survival In Thp-1 Macrophages Involves Host Lipid Droplet Alterations And Active Rickettsial Protein Production, Paige E. Allen, Robert C. Noland, Juan J. Martinez

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Rickettsia conorii is a Gram-negative, cytosolic intracellular bacterium that has classically been investigated in terms of endothelial cell infection. However, R. conorii and other human pathogenic Rickettsia species have evolved mechanisms to grow in various cell types, including macrophages, during mammalian infection. During infection of these phagocytes, R. conorii shifts the host cell's overall metabolism towards an anti-inflammatory M2 response, metabolically defined by an increase in host lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Lipid metabolism has more recently been identified as a key regulator of host homeostasis through modulation of immune signalling and metabolism. Intracellular pathogens have adapted mechanisms of hijacking …

Leptin Treatment Prevents Impaired Hypoglycemic Counterregulation Induced By Exposure To Severe Caloric Restriction Or Exposure To Recurrent Hypoglycemia, Marina A. Duvall, Carolyn E. Coulter, Jasmin L. Gosey, Matthew J. Herrera, Cristal M. Hill, Rajvi R. Jariwala, Lauren E. Maisano, Laura A. Moldovan, Christopher D. Morrison, Ngozi V. Nwabueze, Hunter X. Sikaffy, David H. Mcdougal

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) is a maladaptive failure in glucose counterregulation in persons with diabetes (PWD) that is caused by recurrent exposure to hypoglycemia. The adipokine leptin is known to regulate glucose homeostasis, and leptin levels fall following exposure to recurrent hypoglycemia. Yet, little is known regarding how reduced leptin levels influence glucose counterregulation, or if low leptin levels are involved in the development of HAAF. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypoleptinemia on the neuroendocrine responses to hypoglycemia. We utilized two separate experimental paradigms known to induce a hypoleptinemic state: 60% caloric restriction (CR) …

Grow Fast, Die Young: Does Compensatory Growth Reduce Survival Of Juvenile Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus Limbatus) In The Western Gulf Of Mexico?, Philip Matich, Jeffrey D. Plumlee, Mark Fisher

Faculty Publications

Effective conservation and management necessitate an understanding of the ecological mechanisms that shape species life histories in order to predict how variability in natural and anthropogenic impacts will alter growth rates, recruitment, and survival. Among these mechanisms, the interaction between parturition timing and prey availability frequently influences offspring success, particularly when postnatal care is absent. Here, we assess how parturition timing and nursery conditions, including prey abundance and environmental conditions, influence the growth and potential survival of blacktip sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus) in western Gulf of Mexico (GOM) estuaries over their first year. Catch data from long-term gillnet monitoring allowed for …

Survival Of Western Gulf Coast Mottled Ducks (Anas Fulvigula) In The Path Of A Category 4 Hurricane, Kevin M. Ringelman, Elizabeth S. Bonczek, Joseph R. Marty, Ashley R. Booth, Alexandre L. Dopkin

Faculty Publications

Tropical cyclones are the most powerful storms on earth, causing catastrophic damage to human lives and infrastructure. Hurricanes also cause wildlife mortality when they make landfall, but the severity of these effects is difficult to quantify because data collection is either logistically impossible or deprioritized in the wake of human tragedy. On August 27, 2020, Hurricane Laura made landfall in southwestern Louisiana with maximum sustained winds of 241 kph (150 mph), making it one of the most powerful storms to strike the mainland United States. Hurricane Laura passed directly over the core breeding range of the western Gulf Coast population …

Morphological Consequences Of Climate Change For Resident Birds In Intact Amazonian Rainforest, Vitek Jirinec, Ryan C. Burner, Bruna R. Amaral, Richard O. Bierregaard, Gilberto Fernández-Arellano, Angélica Hernández-Palma, Erik I. Johnson, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Luke L. Powell, Cameron L. Rutt, Jared D. Wolfe, Philip C. Stouffer

Faculty Publications

Warming from climate change is expected to reduce body size of endotherms, but studies from temperate systems have produced equivocal results. Over four decades, we collected morphometric data on a nonmigratory understory bird community within Amazonian primary rainforest that is experiencing increasingly extreme climate. All 77 species showed lower mean mass since the early 1980s-nearly half with 95% confidence. A third of species concomitantly increased wing length, driving a decrease in mass:wing ratio for 69% of species. Seasonal precipitation patterns were generally better than temperature at explaining morphological variation. Short-term climatic conditions affected all metrics, but time trends in wing …

Mlr-1023 Treatment In Mice And Humans Induces A Thermogenic Program, And Menthol Potentiates The Effect, Candida J. Rebello, Ann A. Coulter, Andrew G. Reaume, Weina Cong, Luke A. Cusimano, Frank L. Greenway

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

A glucose-lowering medication that acts by a different mechanism than metformin, or other approved diabetes medications, can supplement monotherapies when patients fail to meet blood glucose goals. We examined the actions underlying the effects of an insulin sensitizer, tolimidone (MLR-1023) and investigated its effects on body weight. Diet-induced obesity (CD1/ICR) and type 2 diabetes (db/db) mouse models were used to study the effect of MLR-1023 on metabolic outcomes and to explore its synergy with menthol. We also examined the efficacy of MLR-1023 alone in a clinical trial (NCT02317796), as well as in combination with menthol in human adipocytes. MLR-1023 produced …

A Whole-Grain Diet Increases Whole-Body Protein Balance Compared With A Macronutrient-Matched Refined-Grain Diet, Jacob T. Mey, Jean Philippe Godin, Amanda R. Scelsi, Emily L. Kullman, Steven K. Malin, Shengping Yang, Z. Elizabeth Floyd, Alexander Poulev, Roger A. Fielding, Alastair B. Ross, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Background: There are limited data from randomized control trials to support or refute the contention that whole-grains can enhance protein metabolism in humans. Objectives: To examine: 1) the clinical effects of a whole-grain diet on whole-body protein turnover; 2) the cellular effects of whole-grains on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells; and 3) the population effects of whole-grain intake on age-related muscle loss. Methods: Adults with overweight/obesity (n = 14; age = 40 ± 7 y; BMI = 33 ± 5 kg/m2) were recruited into a crossover, randomized controlled trial (NCT01411540) in which isocaloric, macronutrient-matched whole-grain and refined-grain diets were …

Bioactive Compounds From Artemisia Dracunculus L. Activate Ampk Signaling In Skeletal Muscle, B. Vandanmagsar, Y. Yu, C. Simmler, T. N. Dang, P. Kuhn, A. Poulev, D. M. Ribnicky, G. F. Pauli, Z. E. Floyd

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

An extract from Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) improves glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin action and reducing ectopic lipid accumulation, while increasing fat oxidation in skeletal muscle tissue in obese insulin resistant male mice. A chalcone, DMC-2, in PMI-5011 is the major bioactive that enhances insulin signaling and activation of AKT. However, the mechanism by which PMI-5011 improves lipid metabolism is unknown. AMPK is the cellular energy and metabolic sensor and a key regulator of lipid metabolism in muscle. This study examined PMI-5011 activation of AMPK signaling using murine C2C12 muscle cell culture and skeletal muscle tissue. Findings show that …

Exploring Text Mining For Recent Consumer And Sensory Studies About Alternative Proteins, Ziyang Chen, Cristhiam Gurdian, Chetan Sharma, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul, Damir D. Torrico

Faculty Publications

Increased meat consumption has been associated with the overuse of fresh water, under-ground water contamination, land degradation, and negative animal welfare. To mitigate these problems, replacing animal meat products with alternatives such as plant-, insect-, algae-, or yeast-fermented-based proteins, and/or cultured meat, is a viable strategy. Nowadays, there is a vast amount of information regarding consumers’ perceptions of alternative proteins in scientific outlets. Sorting and arranging this information can be time-consuming. To overcome this drawback, text mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are introduced as novel approaches to obtain sensory data and rapidly identify current consumer trends. In this study, …

Expanding The Frame: Using Masculinities Analyses To Challenge Gender And Race Hierarchy, Nancy Dowd

UF Law Faculty Publications

Kimberly Bailey’s fascinating article, Male Same-Sex “Horseplay”: The Epicenter of Sexual Harassment? seeks to expose and to further analyze harassment of women by paying attention to the patterns and meaning of male-male harassment between straight men. By the sophisticated use of masculinities theory and research, she seeks to expand not only the boundaries of male-male harassment but also the linkages between male-male and male-female harassment. Sexual
harassment doctrine as constructed thus far excludes certain conduct as not discriminatory. As Professor Bailey notes, in Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc., the Court stated that it was not creating a “general civility …

Interleukin-10 Suppression Enhances T-Cell Antitumor Immunity And Responses To Checkpoint Blockade In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia., J R Rivas, Y Liu, S S Alhakeem, J M Eckenrode, F Marti, J P Collard, Y Zhang, K A Shaaban, N Muthusamy, G C Hildebrandt, L Chen, J S Thorson, M Leggas, Subbarao Bondada

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

T-cell dysfunction is a hallmark of B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), where CLL cells downregulate T-cell responses through regulatory molecules including programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) aims to restore T-cell function by preventing the ligation of inhibitory receptors like PD-1. However, most CLL patients do not respond well to this therapy. Thus, we investigated whether IL-10 suppression could enhance antitumor T-cell activity and responses to ICB. Since CLL IL-10 expression depends on Sp1, we utilized a novel, better tolerated analogue of the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin (MTM

Separate But Free, Joshua E. Weishart

Law Faculty Scholarship

“Separate but equal” legally sanctioned segregation in public schools until Brown. Ever since, separate but free has been the prevailing dogma excusing segregation. From “freedom of choice” plans that facilitated massive resistance to desegregation to current school choice plans exacerbating racial, socioeconomic, and disability segregation, proponents have venerated parental freedom as the overriding principle.

This Article contends that, in the field of public education, the dogma of separate but free has no place; separate is inherently unfree. As this Article uniquely clarifies, segregation deprives schoolchildren of freedom to become equal citizens and freedom to learn in democratic, integrated, …