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2020

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Photosynthetic Bioconversion Of Coenzyme Q10 Using Agrowaste Generated From Tobacco Biorefinery For Nonsmoking Applications: A Review, Y. Tian, P.A. Machado, H. Fu, T.-S. Hahm, C.-I. Wei, Y.M. Lo Jul 2020

Photosynthetic Bioconversion Of Coenzyme Q10 Using Agrowaste Generated From Tobacco Biorefinery For Nonsmoking Applications: A Review, Y. Tian, P.A. Machado, H. Fu, T.-S. Hahm, C.-I. Wei, Y.M. Lo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An effective processing was established to recover protein without nicotine from tobacco for alternative applications as the foundation for tobacco biorefinery. Solanesol, an intermediate compound for the synthesis of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin K analogues, was recovered from tobacco biomass, an agrowaste generated after protein separation. CoQ 10, a potent antioxidative dietary supplement, was produced using photosynthetic Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 25852 by submerged fermentation supplemented with tobacco biomass hydrolysate. The stimulation effects on cell growth (shortened lag phase, accelerated exponential growth, and elevated final cell concentration) and CoQ10 production (enhanced specific CoQ 10 content per unit cell weight) could …

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Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods And Dietary Supplements In Health And Disease, F. Shahidi Jul 2020

Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods And Dietary Supplements In Health And Disease, F. Shahidi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nutraceuticals, functional food ingredients and dietary supplements are important for health promotion and disease risk reduction. Although a myriad of bioactives are known to render the expected beneficial effects, the mechanisms involved are varied and may work individually or collectively in providing the effects. For example, phenolic compounds are known to act as antioxidants or by mechanisms that are independent of their antioxidant activity. In addition, conjugation of bioactives with other active or inactive components may affect the activity of the resultant products. Therefore, conjugation of phytosterols with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was found to lower cholesterol in a mouse model …

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Studies On Food Functionality And Safety In Japan - Evaluation By Genomics, A. Keiko Jul 2020

Studies On Food Functionality And Safety In Japan - Evaluation By Genomics, A. Keiko

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In Japan, research on functional foods had humble beginnings about 30 years ago. It traced a unique path of development to a mainstay of frontal food science. Meanwhile, nutrigenomics was launched as a comprehensive method for investigating total effects of nutrients in the body. This can be applied to functional foods as well as nutrients. However, the data analysis needs care. Since even functional foods contain a variety of compounds together with functional factors, the data inherently include noises to a certain extent. Thus, there are often the case that inappropriate choices of experimental designs and statistic data analyses lead …

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Interaction Of Tea Catechins With Phospholipids - Roles In Their Tastes And Biological Activities, T. Nakayama, T. Ishii, Y. Uekusa, K. Kato, S. Kumazawa Jul 2020

Interaction Of Tea Catechins With Phospholipids - Roles In Their Tastes And Biological Activities, T. Nakayama, T. Ishii, Y. Uekusa, K. Kato, S. Kumazawa

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Green tea is well known for its various physiological effects, but there are few studies relating the tastes of tea catechins to their biological activities. We have focused on the interaction of tea catechins with phospholipids to clarify the relationship. The galloyl-type catechins, epicatechin gallate (ECg) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) usually show beneficial properties including chemopreventive, antimutagenic and antioxidant actions more potently than the nongalloyl-type catechins, epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin (EGC). The difference in their chemical structures is correlated with their affinity for phospholipid membranes and incorporated amounts into liposomes. This indicates that the interaction of the galloyl-type catechins with …

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New Analytical Advances For Addressing Healthful Constituents In Foods, J.N. Seiber Jul 2020

New Analytical Advances For Addressing Healthful Constituents In Foods, J.N. Seiber

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The tools available to analyze the chemical composition of foods and other complex samples have developed rapidly, including commercial introduction of new instruments and many examples of utility. Areas of application include identification and quantification of newly uncovered bioactive chemicals and chemical classes, adulteration and authentication of foods, determining bioavailability of both parent and metabolites of specific interest, and addressing emerging environmental contaminant issues. FT-infrared and other spectroscopic techniques have seen increasing applications particularly in the area of in situ and/or screening analyses for the presence of specific classes of chemicals. Many of these tools are based upon mass spectrometry, …

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Food Factors And Food Safety... A Perspective, V. Prakash Jul 2020

Food Factors And Food Safety... A Perspective, V. Prakash

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Food Factors that positively contributes to Food Safety is a major issue today across the World. Additives that are added to Processed Foods and other factors have to have an attachment of Quality and Safety aspect which has to be beyond the doubt of any consumer. The problem of safety does not stem only from the small amount of contamination that may occur but sometimes it also has a huge amount of responsibility in the Chain as it moves across from Rural to Urban with a clear pathway of its destination into Hyper markets especially when one looks at Nutraceuticals. …

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Total Flavonoid Fraction Of Rhizoma Drynaria Improves Bone Properties In Ovariectomized Mice And Exerts Estrogen-Like Activities In Rat Osteoblast-Like (Umr-106) Cells, W.-Y. Pang, X.-L. Wang, K.-C. Wong, P.-C. Leung, X.-S. Yao, M.-S. Wong Jul 2020

Total Flavonoid Fraction Of Rhizoma Drynaria Improves Bone Properties In Ovariectomized Mice And Exerts Estrogen-Like Activities In Rat Osteoblast-Like (Umr-106) Cells, W.-Y. Pang, X.-L. Wang, K.-C. Wong, P.-C. Leung, X.-S. Yao, M.-S. Wong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rhizoma Drynaria (RD) has been widely used for healing bone fractures or related diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. The present study was designed to determine if RD total flavonoids (RDTF) could exert estrogen-like protective actions on bone. Young C57/BL6J mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated orally with RDTF (0.087, 0.173 or 0.346 mg/g/day), 17β-estradiol (2μg/g/day) or its vehicle for 6 weeks. Bone mineral densities (BMD) was measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells were co-incubated with ER antagonist ICI 182, 780 to determine if the effects of RDTF on osteoblastic functions were ER-dependent. The functional transactivation …

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The Impact Of Food Components And Dietary Factors On Oral Health, C.D. Wu Jul 2020

The Impact Of Food Components And Dietary Factors On Oral Health, C.D. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This presentation provides an overview of the impact of food components and dietary factors on oral health. The protective properties of various foods, plant extracts and plant-based polyphenolic compounds on dental caries and periodontal disease are discussed. Laboratory, human, and epidemiological studies demonstrating the multiple mechanistic actions in supporting their contribution to oral health and disease prevention are summarized. The need and development of multidisciplinary research approach toward experimental designs and strategies in clinical and epidemiological studies are also emphasized.

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Vitamin And Non-Vitamin Antioxidants And Their Interaction In Food, L.H. Skibsted Jul 2020

Vitamin And Non-Vitamin Antioxidants And Their Interaction In Food, L.H. Skibsted

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aerobic life has been challenged by the changing conditions appearing through evolution resulting in appearance of both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants as an indispensable protection against the ubiquitous reactive oxygen- and nitrogen species. Interaction between hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants at interfaces often results in synergistic effects important for food stability. Such concerted actions by antioxidants also seem of relevance for human nutrition, but need a more mechanistic description. Non-vitamin antioxidants like the hydrophilic polyphenols including their glycosides thus show synergism through enhancing the lipophilic tocopherols as chainbreaking antioxidants. While this tocopherol/polyphenol synergism seems to be controlled kinetically, the synergism between …

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Biological Activities Of Low-Molecular Weight Compounds Found In Foods And Plants, H. Shiratsuchi, S. Chang, A. Wei, A.H. El-Ghorab, T. Shibamoto Jul 2020

Biological Activities Of Low-Molecular Weight Compounds Found In Foods And Plants, H. Shiratsuchi, S. Chang, A. Wei, A.H. El-Ghorab, T. Shibamoto

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Among 27 essential oils tested, 11 oils exhibited strong antioxidant activity (95-100%) with dose response, which was comparable to that of α-tocopherol. The essential oils showing such activity were ylang-ylang, rose, parsley seed, jasmine, celery seed, basil, anise star, clove leaf, bergamot, thyme, and cinnamon leaf. Among antioxidant components found in these essential oils, eugenol, benzaldehyde, and thymol exhibited comparable activity to that of known natural antioxidant α-tocopherol. Benzyl alcohol, maltol, γ-butyrolactone, and terpinene-4-ol had moderate antioxidant activity. Low-molecular weight heterocyclic compounds, which are the chemicals responsible for cooked flavor, comprise one fourth of the over 400 volatile compounds identified …

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Bioactive Compounds From By-Products Of Shrimp Processing Industry In Vietnam, T.S. Trung, P.T.D. Phuong Jul 2020

Bioactive Compounds From By-Products Of Shrimp Processing Industry In Vietnam, T.S. Trung, P.T.D. Phuong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Shrimp heads from the shrimp processing industry in Vietnam can be a good source for production of bioactive compounds. It is estimated that there is an amount of 200,000 metric tons of shrimp by-products annually from two main species: black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). We found that the shrimp by-products can be used as raw materials for extraction of chitosan and lipid-mineral-rich carotenoprotein by combining chemical and biological treatment. Chitosan has been recognized as a multifunctional bioactive compound and has been used widely in food, biotechnology, cosmetics and medicine. Lipid-mineral-rich carotenoprotein can be used as …

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Functional Foods,,Naturalhealth Products And Nutrigenomics Research In Canada, C.L. Parr-Vásquez, R.Y. Yada Jul 2020

Functional Foods,,Naturalhealth Products And Nutrigenomics Research In Canada, C.L. Parr-Vásquez, R.Y. Yada

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The relationship between food consumption and health outcomes has become a priority research focus in Canada. This has driven an emerging interest in functional foods, natural health products and nutrigenomics. Capitalizing on its abundant natural resources, world class research expertise, renown facilities and collaborative research environment, Canadian researchers are developing innovative approaches to reduce the incidence of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes type II and cardiovascular disease. Canada boasts approximately 15 government research centres, 16 universities and colleges, 4 technology centres and 2 institutes actively carrying out research in the area of functional foods, natural health products and nutrigenomics. These …

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Metabolism Of Sesamin By Cyps And Ugts In Human Liver, T. Sakaki, K. Yasuda, M. Kamakura, E. Munetsuna, M. Ohta, S. Ikushiro Jul 2020

Metabolism Of Sesamin By Cyps And Ugts In Human Liver, T. Sakaki, K. Yasuda, M. Kamakura, E. Munetsuna, M. Ohta, S. Ikushiro

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Sesamin is a major lignan in sesame, and its biological effects such as antioxidant effect, anti-carcinogenic effects, and suppression of hypertension have been extensively studied by many researchers. However, its metabolic pathways and metabolic enzymes in human bodies have not been identified. Recently we demonstrated that CYP2C9 was the most important cytochrome P450 isoform in human liver. Next, we focused on metabolism of sesamin mono-catechol by cytochrome P450 or UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). Further catecholization of sesamin mono-catechol by cytochrome P450 enhances its anti-oxidant activity, whereas glucuronidation by UGT strongly reduces anti-oxidant activity. In human liver microsomes, glucuronidation activity toward sesamin mono-catechol …

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Anti-Proliferation And Radiation-Sensitizing Effect Of An Anthocyanidin- Rich Extract From Purple-Shoot Tea On Colon Cancer Cells, C.-C. Lin, C.-P. Hsu, C.-C. Chen, T.-Z. Liao, C.-F. Chiu, L.P.J. Lien, Y.-T. Shih Jul 2020

Anti-Proliferation And Radiation-Sensitizing Effect Of An Anthocyanidin- Rich Extract From Purple-Shoot Tea On Colon Cancer Cells, C.-C. Lin, C.-P. Hsu, C.-C. Chen, T.-Z. Liao, C.-F. Chiu, L.P.J. Lien, Y.-T. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Teas are known to have several health promoting benefits due to polyphenol contents. Two varieties of tea cyanins, Purple-Shoot Tea (not registered) and TTES No. 12, were selected, dehydrated or prepared to green tea to evaluate the anti-proliferative and radiation-sensitizing effects on colon cancer cells. The tea cyanins were extracted by using three drying treatments which are freeze-dried, hot-air dried and green tea manufacturing. The composition analysis showed that the extracts of purple-shoot teas contained more polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins than TTES No. 12 under various tea processes. Lyophilized tea samples had better antioxidant capacities and reducing …

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Mechanisms Underlying Food Functionality Via Molecular Chaperones: Chemical Training Hypothesis, A. Murakami, K. Ohnishi Jul 2020

Mechanisms Underlying Food Functionality Via Molecular Chaperones: Chemical Training Hypothesis, A. Murakami, K. Ohnishi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Most physiologically functional food factors are derived from plants. Although those chemicals exhibit versatile bioactivities, their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. It is important to indicate that phytochemicals, but not plant nutrients, xenobiotics in humans and thus induce expressions of self-defense molecules, including anti-oxidative and xenobiotic function as metabolizing enzymes via the Keap1/Nrf2 system. In addition, recent reports have shown that several phytochemicals are capable of up-regulating the activities of molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and proteasomes. For example, sulforaphane, a sulfur-containing phytochemical present in cruciferous plants, was recently reported to induce HSP27 expression and …

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Developing Public Health Messages For Non-Essential Food Components, C.-H. Lu, Jr. J.W. Erdman Jul 2020

Developing Public Health Messages For Non-Essential Food Components, C.-H. Lu, Jr. J.W. Erdman

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Foods contain a variety of essential and non-essential components. Emerging evidence suggests that both the traditional essential and some non-essential portions of foods provide health benefits. For example, vitamin A and C must be provided in the diet to prevent deficiency diseases, but what about non-vitamin A producing carotenoids, polyphenols, isothiocyanates, allyl sulfides, etc.? The weight of experimental evidence suggests that these and other dietary bioactives contribute to healthfulness. Most countries have " quantitative" Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) to help guide health professionals to avoid deficiency diseases in their populations. The United States has the Dietary Reference Intakes that includes …

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Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis: Preface, G.-C. Yen, L.S. Hwang Jul 2020

Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis: Preface, G.-C. Yen, L.S. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

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Targeting Inflammatory Pathways By Dietary Agents For Prevention And Therapy Of Cancer, B.B. Aggarwal, S. Prasad, V.R. Yadav, B. Park, J.H. Kim, S.C. Gupta, S.W. Yoon, A. Lavasanifar, B. Sung Jul 2020

Targeting Inflammatory Pathways By Dietary Agents For Prevention And Therapy Of Cancer, B.B. Aggarwal, S. Prasad, V.R. Yadav, B. Park, J.H. Kim, S.C. Gupta, S.W. Yoon, A. Lavasanifar, B. Sung

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chronic infections, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, radiation, environmental pollutants, and high-calorie diet have been recognized as major risk factors for the most common types of cancers. All these risk factors are linked to cancer through inflammation. While acute inflammation that persists for short-term mediates host defense against infections, chronic inflammation that lasts for long-term can predispose the host to various chronic illnesses, including cancer. Linkage between cancer and inflammation is indicated by numerous lines of evidence; first, transcription factors NF-κ and STAT3, two major pathways for inflammation, are activated by most cancer risk factors; second, an inflammatory condition precedes most cancers; …

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Luteolin Overcomes Resistance To Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Induced Apoptosis In Human Colorectal Cancer Hct-116 Cells, R. Sakai, S. Yokobe, N. Abe, N. Miyoshi, Y. Murata, Y. Nakamura Jul 2020

Luteolin Overcomes Resistance To Benzyl Isothiocyanate-Induced Apoptosis In Human Colorectal Cancer Hct-116 Cells, R. Sakai, S. Yokobe, N. Abe, N. Miyoshi, Y. Murata, Y. Nakamura

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

We have previously identified p53, a universal sensor of genotoxic stress, as a negative regulator of the apoptosis induction by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in the normal colon fibroblastoid cells. In the present study, we further confirmed that BITC has a potential to induce cytotoxicity in the p53-mutated colon cancer HT-29 cells in preference to HCT-116 cells with wild-type p53. To obtain effective induction of BITC-stimulated apoptosis in p53-positive cells, we investigated the combination effect of BITC and food ingredient that may overcome resistance to BITC. Pretreatment with luteolin potentiated the cytotoxicity induction by BITC in HCT-116 cells but not in …

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Autophagy As A Target For Anticancer Therapy And Its Modulation By Phytochemicals, M.-K. Kim, D.H. Suh, J. Seoung, H.S. Kim, H.H. Chung, Y.-S. Song Jul 2020

Autophagy As A Target For Anticancer Therapy And Its Modulation By Phytochemicals, M.-K. Kim, D.H. Suh, J. Seoung, H.S. Kim, H.H. Chung, Y.-S. Song

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Autophagy is a catabolic process and has an important homeostatic role, mediating the removal of dysfunctional or superfluous proteins and organelles. Dysfunction of autophagy is involved in various physiologic and pathologic conditions, such as developmental cell death, clearance of pathogens, aging process, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Cancer cells which are inherently vulnerable to metabolic stress and also defective in apoptosis are more dependent on autophagy for cell survival than normal cells. Autophagy might have a dual but conflicting role in carcinogenesis, tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting role. The roles of autophagy in specific type cancers in vivo, however, have not been determined …

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Revealing The Secret Of Soups' Healing Power: Nanostructures And Their Functions, L.-J. Ke, J.-W. Zhou, G.-Z. Gao, B. Shao, H.-Q. Wang, P.-F. Rao Jul 2020

Revealing The Secret Of Soups' Healing Power: Nanostructures And Their Functions, L.-J. Ke, J.-W. Zhou, G.-Z. Gao, B. Shao, H.-Q. Wang, P.-F. Rao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As a major formula in both food and traditional medicine, soup delivers health benefits besides the stomach filling nutrients. The occurrence of non-enzymatic glycation (Maillard reaction) and formation of nanostructures distinguish soups from their raw materials providing a new explanation of soups' bio-functions. The bioactivity and chemical nature of the Maillard reaction products and nanostructures in soups are reviewed. The artificially formed nanoparticles, consisting the purified glycated polyphenol oxidase, provided the first direct evidence of encapsulation and target delivery capacity of the soup nanostructures. The high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering, is an effective approach of …

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Toona Sinensis Affects Reproductive Physiology Of Male, W.-J. Yu, B.-C. Yu, F.-Y. Yang, C.-C. Chang, C.-Y. Huang, S.-J. Chang Jul 2020

Toona Sinensis Affects Reproductive Physiology Of Male, W.-J. Yu, B.-C. Yu, F.-Y. Yang, C.-C. Chang, C.-Y. Huang, S.-J. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

One of the major causes of the decline in semen quality appears to be the elevated levels of oxidative stress. Leaves of Toona Sinensis (TSL) have been used as a traditional medicine for treatment of certain male reproduction-related disorders in Chinese ancient medical books; however, the scientific data are limited. In the present study, human spermatozoa treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used to investigate the protective function of TSL-6 under oxidative stress. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of human spermatozoa were increased after 0.2 mmol/L H2O2 treatment and the elevated levels were diminished by TSL-6 dose dependently. …

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Nanotechnology For Bioactives Delivery Systems, Neves M.A. Das, I. Kobayashi, M. Nakajima Jul 2020

Nanotechnology For Bioactives Delivery Systems, Neves M.A. Das, I. Kobayashi, M. Nakajima

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The properties of functional foods depend largely on their micro- and/or nano-scale structure. Conventionally, the preparation of functional foods is based on large-scale processing. As a consequence, the structure of the products cannot be precisely controlled. Recently, micro-/nano-technology have been developing and increasingly applied to the formulation of functional foods. This paper summarizes some applications of micro-/nano-processing of food materials into dispersions, foreseeing their application as bioactives delivery systems. Nanodispersions containing antioxidant food materials were formulated and evaluated using various top-down techniques or a bottom-up method, particularly the performance of various polyglycerol esters (PGE) of fatty acid in the preparation …

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Anti-Allergic Action Of O-Methylated Egcg In Green Tea Cultivar Benifuuki, M. Maeda-Yamamoto, H. Tachibana Jul 2020

Anti-Allergic Action Of O-Methylated Egcg In Green Tea Cultivar Benifuuki, M. Maeda-Yamamoto, H. Tachibana

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The anti-allergic effect of epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) and epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG4″Me) isolated from Japanese or Taiwanese tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves. These catechins strongly inhibited mast cell activation and histamine release after FcepsilonRI cross-linking through the suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation (Lyn) of cellular protein kinase, and the suppression of myosin light chain phosphorylation and high-affinity IgE receptor expression via the binding to 67kDa laminin receptor. A double blind clinical study on subjects with Japanese cedar pollinosis was carried out. At the eleventh weeks after starting to intake, the most severe cedar pollen scattering period, symptoms i.e. blowing nose, itch of …

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Cancer Prevention By Different Forms Of Tocopherols, C.S. Yang, G. Li, Z. Yang Jul 2020

Cancer Prevention By Different Forms Of Tocopherols, C.S. Yang, G. Li, Z. Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Low vitamin E nutritional status has been suggested to increase cancer risk. However, recent large-scale human trials with high doses of alpha-tocopherol (α-T) have produced disappointing results. This points out the need for a better understanding of the biological activities of different forms of tocopherols. Using a tocopherol mixture that is rich in γ-T (γ-TmT), we demonstrated the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis in mice, and the inhibition is associated with decreased levels of 8-isoprostane, nitrotyrosine, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. Dietary 0.3% γ-TmT also inhibited chemically induced lung tumorigenesis in the A/J mice as well as the growth of lung …

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New Development Of Vitamin K Research: Identification Of Human Menaquinone-4 Biosynthetic Enzyme, K. Nakagawa Jul 2020

New Development Of Vitamin K Research: Identification Of Human Menaquinone-4 Biosynthetic Enzyme, K. Nakagawa

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Natural vitamin K is found in two forms: a plant form, phylloquinone (PK) and bacterial forms, menaquinones (MKs). In many species, including humans, PK is a minor constituent of hepatic vitamin K content, with most hepatic vitamin K content comprising long-chain MKs. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is ubiquitously present in extrahepatic tissues, with particularly high concentrations in the brain, kidney and pancreas of humans and rats. It has consistently been shown that PK is endogenously converted to MK-4. The molecular mechanisms for these conversion reactions have been unclear. To identify the MK-4 biosynthetic enzyme, we screened the human genome database for prenylation …

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Biotechnological Modification Of Bioactive Natural Compounds For Food Industry, K.H. Park Jul 2020

Biotechnological Modification Of Bioactive Natural Compounds For Food Industry, K.H. Park

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Enzymatic transglycosylation takes place between an oligosaccharide donor and a relatively large number of structurally diverse acceptor molecules such as bioactive natural compounds. The enzymes including maltogenic amylase (MAase), α-glucanotransferase (α-GTase), and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) are involved in this transglycosylational bioconversion. We have investigated the biotechnological modification of natural compounds such as isoflavones by transglycosylation activity of MAase. MAases catalyze not only hydrolysis of substrate, but also transglycosylation reaction in the presence of various acceptor molecules by preferentially forming α-(1,6)-glycosidic linkage. The mechanism of transglycosylation was elucidated on the basis of three-dimensional structure and site-directed mutagenesis. The results suggested that …

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Nf-Κb Inhibitors From Terrestrial Plants Reported In 2011, M. Schumacher, M. Dicato, M. Diederich Jul 2020

Nf-Κb Inhibitors From Terrestrial Plants Reported In 2011, M. Schumacher, M. Dicato, M. Diederich

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This review shows that more than 40 natural products isolated from terrestrials natural sources in 2011 expressed NF-κB inhibition properties. It has to be pointed that an α,β-unsaturated ketone function was present in more than fifty percent of the reported structures, which might explain the observed bioactivity. Hence, there is still a supply of bioactive products isolated from natural sources. Briefly, this review shows the potential of natural sources as a source for the development of anti-cancer agents.

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Challenges In Health Risk Assessment Of Food Factors, D.P.H. Hsieh Jul 2020

Challenges In Health Risk Assessment Of Food Factors, D.P.H. Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Food factors (FF) are nutrients and other related substances present in processed foods for special dietary uses related to health promotion and disease prevention. Due to the nutritional and other favorable effects of FF, their health risk assessment is more complex than the established food safety risk assessment (FSRA) that addresses excessive intakes of food additives and contaminants. For FF, risk assessment adds a new dimension to also address risks posed by inadequate intake of these food constituents, and is referred to as nutritional risk assessment (NRA). NRA consists of the four standard steps of FSRA: hazard identification, hazard characterization, …

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Contamination And Changes Of Food Factors During Processing With Modeling Applications - Safety Related Issues, S. Sheen Jul 2020

Contamination And Changes Of Food Factors During Processing With Modeling Applications - Safety Related Issues, S. Sheen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chemical and microbiological contaminations of food during processing and preservation can result in foodborne illness outbreaks and/or poisoning. Chemical contaminations can occur through exposure of foods to illegal additives, pesticides and fertilizer residues, toxic compounds formed by chemical reactions, and are easier to control than illnesses caused by microorganisms. In general, chemical reactions in food can be described using the first-order kinetic models. Food quality factors related to nutrition, color, texture, etc. are typically affected by temperature, pH, moisture content, as well as microbial growth. However, modeling the growth and inactivation of microorganisms is much more difficult and complex than …

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