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2020

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Injected Haloperidol-Induced Motor Deficits Are Potentiated In Rats Drinking Green Tea As A Sole Source Of Water: Relationship With Dopamine Metabolism In The Caudate, T. Malik, D.J. Haleem Jul 2020

Injected Haloperidol-Induced Motor Deficits Are Potentiated In Rats Drinking Green Tea As A Sole Source Of Water: Relationship With Dopamine Metabolism In The Caudate, T. Malik, D.J. Haleem

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The antipsychotic drug "haloperidol" (FfAL) has been widely used for the treatment of a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. However treatment also induces extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) including short term parkinsonism and late complication tardive dyskinesia (TD). These idiopathic symptoms are associated with serious limitations in this therapy. Some studies have suggested that oxidative stress induced during the metabolism of HAL is involved in the elicitation of EPS. We speculated if green tea may prevent HAL-induced EPS because of its antioxidant properties. In the present study, the efficacy of green tea extract (GTE) given as a sole source of water on HAL-induced …

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Thin-Layer Chromatographic Separation And Validated Hptlc Method For Quantification Of Ursolic Acid In Various Ocimum Species, K.K. Rout, R.K. Singh, D.P. Barik, S.K. Mishra Jul 2020

Thin-Layer Chromatographic Separation And Validated Hptlc Method For Quantification Of Ursolic Acid In Various Ocimum Species, K.K. Rout, R.K. Singh, D.P. Barik, S.K. Mishra

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An improved thin-layer chromatographic separation and quantitative estimation of ursolic acid in different plant parts of various Ocimum species have been developed and validated. Excellent separation of the components was achieved on high-performance precoated TLC plates by using optimized ternary mobile phase consisting of toluene : acetone : formic acid (7.8:2.2:0.15, v/v/v). Quantification and densitometric determination were performed after derivatization of the plate with methanol-sulphuric acid reagent in reflection/absorption mode at 540 nm. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 20 and 35 ng/spot, respectively. The response of ursolic acid was linear over the range …

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Differential Effects Of Processing Methods On Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities Of Three Species Of Solanum, S. Nithiyanantham, S. Varadharajan, P. Siddhuraju Jul 2020

Differential Effects Of Processing Methods On Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities Of Three Species Of Solanum, S. Nithiyanantham, S. Varadharajan, P. Siddhuraju

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The present study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of raw and processed fruit extracts from Solanum torvum, S. xanthocarpum and S. violaceum and assessed the relationship with their total phenolic content. Total phenolic and tannin contents of raw and processed fruit sample extracts ranged from 5.0-7.6 g/100g and 4.5-7.0 g/100g, respectively. As compared to raw samples, processed samples had significant decrease in total phenolic and tannin content, FRAP, linoleic acid emulsion system, antihaemolytic and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. However, processing the samples caused significant (p<0.05) increases in DPPH•, ABTS •+, •OH radical scavenging capacities, metal chelating ability and phosphomolybdenum assay. After processing, the total antioxidant activity increased or remained unchanged depending on the type of samples. All the fruit samples showed optimal antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria. Interestingly, the extracts from raw and processed S. torvum showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli.

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Hptlc Method Development And Validation: Strategy To Minimize Methodological Failures, P. Rashmin, P. Mrunali, D. Nitin, D. Nidhi, P. Bharat Jul 2020

Hptlc Method Development And Validation: Strategy To Minimize Methodological Failures, P. Rashmin, P. Mrunali, D. Nitin, D. Nidhi, P. Bharat

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This paper provides information regarding HPTLC-based analytical method development and evaluation of validation characteristics in accordance with best practice. As a result it meets standards comparable with other chromatographic techniques with specific aim to minimize confusion and methodological failure. The poor performance to the method development may be caused by systematic and scientific approach for the selection of separation mode, stationary phase and mobile phase not taken into consideration. The poor validation practice may be caused by validation guidelines which are not fully understood or partially neglected, steps of the analytical procedure are not fully considered during validation or specification …

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Establishment Of A Serological Panel For In Vitro Diagnostics Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, D.-Y. Wang, K.-T. Wang, Y.-C. Wang, S.-C. Weng, W.-H. Chang, D.Y.-C. Shih Jul 2020

Establishment Of A Serological Panel For In Vitro Diagnostics Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, D.-Y. Wang, K.-T. Wang, Y.-C. Wang, S.-C. Weng, W.-H. Chang, D.Y.-C. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate. Because SARS suddenly disappeared after an approximately 1-year-long pandemic period (November 2002 to July 2003), insufficient data was available for the development of in vitro diagnostics for SARS (SARS IVD). To rapidly identify cases in the event of future epidemics, it is necessary to establish a SARS serological panel. In this study, 20 SARS convalescent sera and 20 normal sera from the Taiwan CDC were used to establish a SARS serological panel. This can be used as a standard for the Taiwan FDA to evaluate the …

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Quality Analysis Of Raw And Processed Schisandra Chinensis Fructus By Simultaneous Determination Of Eleven Bioactive Lignans Using Rp-Hplc Method, T.-L. Lu, J.-Y. Hu, C.-Q. Mao, Y. Wu, F.-Z. Yin, B.-C. Cai Jul 2020

Quality Analysis Of Raw And Processed Schisandra Chinensis Fructus By Simultaneous Determination Of Eleven Bioactive Lignans Using Rp-Hplc Method, T.-L. Lu, J.-Y. Hu, C.-Q. Mao, Y. Wu, F.-Z. Yin, B.-C. Cai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eleven bioactive lignans, namely schisandrin, gomisin J, schisandrol B, angeloylgomisin H, gomisin G, schisantherin A, schisantherin B, deoxyschisandrin, γ-schisandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin C in Schisandra chinensis with UV detection. An Elite ODS C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water under gradient elution. All the calibration curves of the eleven bioactive lignans showed excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9995) within the ranges of 25.02-150.1 μg/mL for schisandrin, 5.20-31.20 μg/mL for gomisin J, …

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Value Of Fins Depends On Choice Of Dna Locus As Shown In Baihuasheshecao, J. Yu, M. Li, X. Guo, R. Wang, S.-W. Chiu, P.-C. Shaw, P.P.-H. But Jul 2020

Value Of Fins Depends On Choice Of Dna Locus As Shown In Baihuasheshecao, J. Yu, M. Li, X. Guo, R. Wang, S.-W. Chiu, P.-C. Shaw, P.P.-H. But

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Forensically informative nucleotide sequencing (FINS) is a molecular approach to identify biological materials based on DNA sequences. It focuses on the clustering of samples with reference species through an analysis of the phylogenetic relationship among the species. The choice of loci is critical to the successful use of FINS for identification. In this study, we investigated the influence of six loci (ITS, matK, rbcL, rps16, trnH-psbA and trnL-trnF) on the application of FINS for the identification of traditional Chinese medicine as demonstrated in Baihuasheshecao, a traditional anti-tumor herb derived from Hedyotis diffusa willd. A total of 36 plant samples of …

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Simultaneous Determination Of Sesquiterpene Lactones In Ixeris Chinensis By Hplc, Q. Wang, W. Ao, X. Ying, G. Meng, X. Wu, W. Tai Jul 2020

Simultaneous Determination Of Sesquiterpene Lactones In Ixeris Chinensis By Hplc, Q. Wang, W. Ao, X. Ying, G. Meng, X. Wu, W. Tai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of six sesquiterpene lactones: 3β-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyioxy] -8yβ-hydroxy-4(15),10(14)11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR1) 3β-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-4(15),10(14) 11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR2), 3β-(β-D- glucopyranosyloxy)-8β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetoxy-4(15),10(14)11(13) -guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR3), 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)- 8β-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyloxy)acetoxy-4(15),10(14)11(13)-guaiatrien-12, 6-olide (AR4), 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4(15),10(14) 11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR5), and 3β-hydroxy-4(15),10(14) 11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6-olide (AR6) in the whole plant of Ixeris chinensis. The separation by gradient elution was performed on Hypersil ODS-2 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 30°C with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase, and monitored by absorbance at 238 nm. The parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity of the method were evaluated. The recovery of the method is 95.85-98.19%, and …

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Dietary Intake Of Pcdd/Fs And Dioxin-Like Pcbs From Fresh Foods Around Taiwan, J.-W. Chang, P.-C. Liao, C.-C. Lee Jul 2020

Dietary Intake Of Pcdd/Fs And Dioxin-Like Pcbs From Fresh Foods Around Taiwan, J.-W. Chang, P.-C. Liao, C.-C. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study investigated the background levels of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in fresh foods around Taiwan. In 1,029 foodstuffs, the highest PCDD/F level based on per gram fat was found in duck eggs (1.956 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), followed by beef (1.263 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and egg products (1.067 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and the lowest was in grape seed oil (0.068 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat). The highest dl-PCB level was found in beef (0.782 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), followed by duck eggs (0.632 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and mutton (0.506 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat), and the lowest was in peanut oil (0.011 pg WHO-TEQ/g …

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Preparation Of Nano/Submicron Ganoderma Tsugae And Its Stability, Y.-S. Lin, W.-C. Cheng, S.H. Chen, A.-I. Yeh Jul 2020

Preparation Of Nano/Submicron Ganoderma Tsugae And Its Stability, Y.-S. Lin, W.-C. Cheng, S.H. Chen, A.-I. Yeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The preparation and stability of nano/submicrometer-sized Ganoderma tsugae (G. tsugae) was explored. The fruit body of G. tsugae was treated by homogenization and media-milling. Three sizes (0.8, 0.3, and 0.2 mm) of media were employed for consecutive milling. The final product was obtained by centrifugation (10,000 g, 10 min). Particle sizes were determined by using a laser-light particle size analyzer and further examined by using transmission electron microscopy. The removal of large particles resulted in better stability. After being stored at 25°C for 21 days, the volume-average diameter of supernatant III increased from 0.105 to 0.137 μm. Freeze-drying resulted in …

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Identification Of Species In Commercial Frozen Shrimp Meat In Taiwan, K.-M. Huang, S.-M. Liu, Y.-W. Huang, T.-Z. Chen Jul 2020

Identification Of Species In Commercial Frozen Shrimp Meat In Taiwan, K.-M. Huang, S.-M. Liu, Y.-W. Huang, T.-Z. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Attempts were made to identify species in commercial frozen shrimp meat samples collected in Taiwan. First, approximately 20 fresh specimens of each of the 10 common commercial shrimp species were identified by morphological methods. A 401 to 407-bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene was amplified from the shrimp meat by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer pair UCYTB151F/270R. By comparing the gene sequences and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) maps obtained using the endonucleases Alu I, Ssp I and Hae III, the 10 species of shrimp could be successfully differentiated. The PCR-RFLP method was proved applicable for the …

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Critical Evaluation Of Methods For The Measurement Of Oxidative Rancidity In Vegetable Oils, M. Pignitter, V. Somoza Jul 2020

Critical Evaluation Of Methods For The Measurement Of Oxidative Rancidity In Vegetable Oils, M. Pignitter, V. Somoza

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

During storage and shipping, edible oils are susceptible to oxidative deterioration. To ensure high oil quality, it is essential to reliably analyze their oxidative status. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate published methods based on their value and applicability. This review focuses on major chemical, physical and chromatographic methods used for assessing the degree of lipid oxidation. Due to complexity of the mechanism of lipid oxidation, most of the methods determine either early or advanced oxidation products. Methods based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography are discussed as superior methods …

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Investigation Of Two Species Of Huang-Qi (Aatragalus Membranaceus And Hedysarum Polybotrys) By Hplc, Its, Microscopic Morphology And Antioxidant Activities, I.-J. Lee, P.-C. Huang, L.-J. Zhang, C.-C. Liaw, M.-R. Lin, C.-J. Yu, C.-I. Huang, Y.-H. Kuo Jul 2020

Investigation Of Two Species Of Huang-Qi (Aatragalus Membranaceus And Hedysarum Polybotrys) By Hplc, Its, Microscopic Morphology And Antioxidant Activities, I.-J. Lee, P.-C. Huang, L.-J. Zhang, C.-C. Liaw, M.-R. Lin, C.-J. Yu, C.-I. Huang, Y.-H. Kuo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hedysarum polybotrys is commonly substituted for Astragalus membranaceus in Taiwan for many years. This study described several different ways, including microscopic morphology, ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequencing and HPLC fingerprint methods to identify these two species. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the two plants were evaluated and H. polybotrys had higher antioxidant activity than A. membranaceus. All the methods gave consistent conclusions that test samples KRA2, 3 and 8 belonged to A. membranaceus, while KRA1, 4, 5, 6 and 7 belonged to H. polybotrys. The results revealed that all the above methods may successfully discriminate between A. membranaceus and H. …

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Inhibitory Effect On Human Leukemic U937 Cell Growth And Immunomodulatory Activity Of Germinated Brown Rice, S.-Y. Wang, C.-W. Chen, Y.-T. Lin, C.-Y. Chang Jul 2020

Inhibitory Effect On Human Leukemic U937 Cell Growth And Immunomodulatory Activity Of Germinated Brown Rice, S.-Y. Wang, C.-W. Chen, Y.-T. Lin, C.-Y. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was conducted to investigate how germinated brown rice (GBR) extracts stimulate human mononuclear cell (MNC) growth, secretion of cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and nitric oxide, and subsequently inhibit the growth of U937 cells. The results indicate that through the use of phosphate buffer solution (PGBR), alkali (AGBR) and ethanol (EGBR), the extracts had a significant inhibitory effect on U937 cell growth. Ultimately, the extracts produced an inhibition rate of over 50%. As the concentration was increased up to 1,000 μg/mL, the U937 cell growth inhibition for the three extracts surpassed 60%. The cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) …

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Development And Validation Of A Liquid Chromatographic Method For Concurrent Assay Of Weakly Basic Drug Verapamil And Amphoteric Drug Trandolapril In Pharmaceutical Formulations, M. Gumustas, S. Sanli, N. Sanli, S.A. Ozkan Jul 2020

Development And Validation Of A Liquid Chromatographic Method For Concurrent Assay Of Weakly Basic Drug Verapamil And Amphoteric Drug Trandolapril In Pharmaceutical Formulations, M. Gumustas, S. Sanli, N. Sanli, S.A. Ozkan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The analysis of weakly basic drugs such as verapamil by reverse-phase liquid chromatography remains a problem, particularly when present in combination with other drugs such as amphoteric compounds like trandolapril. In this study, the simple, accurate, precise and fully validated RP-LC method for the simultaneous determination of verapamil and trandolapril in combined dosage forms has been developed. The LC method allowed quantitation over the ranges of 0.50-18.00 μg/mL and 0.05-1.00 μg/mL for verapamil and trandolapril, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.008 μg/mL and 0.018 μg/mL for verapamil and trandolapril, respectively. Moreover, pKa values of verapamil and trandolapril …

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Effects Of Captopril On Melanin Formation In B16 Cells, H.-L. Chu, B.-S. Wang, L.-C. Chang, L.-W. Chang, P.-D. Duh Jul 2020

Effects Of Captopril On Melanin Formation In B16 Cells, H.-L. Chu, B.-S. Wang, L.-C. Chang, L.-W. Chang, P.-D. Duh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effect of captopril on melanin formation in B16 cells was investigated. In B16 intracellular model system, the effect of captopril on antityrosinase activity was found dose-dependent and correlated to its ability to suppress melanin formation. The copper chelation by captopril may in part be responsible for the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Captopril also displayed a remarkable reducing ability and significantly inhibited ROS generation. Interestingly, captopril also significantly suppressed tyrosinase mRNA expression, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Overall, the results showed that the protective effect of captopril makes it a potent inhibitor of melanin formation.

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Studies On The Antimutagenicity And Antioxidant Activity Of The Hot Water Extract Of Glechoma Hederacea, S.-T. Chou, Y.-R. Chan, Y.-C. Chung Jul 2020

Studies On The Antimutagenicity And Antioxidant Activity Of The Hot Water Extract Of Glechoma Hederacea, S.-T. Chou, Y.-R. Chan, Y.-C. Chung

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Several studies have demonstrated that herbal plants contain various potential antioxidants and these antioxidant components may be potential antimutagens or anticarcinogens. Glechoma hederacea belongs to the Labiatae family. According to ancient Chinese prescriptions, G. hederacea was used for treating diuresis and stimulating blood circulation. However, there are few reports on its biophysical functions to date. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the hot water extract of G. hederacea (HWG). G. hederacea was extracted with distilled water at 100°C for 3 h. The antioxidant activities tested included α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) …

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Multi-Residue Determination Of Sulfonamide And Quinolone Residues In Fish Tissues By High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Lc-Ms/Ms), C.-W. Tsai, C.-S. Lin, W.-H. Wang Jul 2020

Multi-Residue Determination Of Sulfonamide And Quinolone Residues In Fish Tissues By High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Lc-Ms/Ms), C.-W. Tsai, C.-S. Lin, W.-H. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A LC-MS/MS method was validated for the simultaneous quantification of 4 quinolones (oxolinic acid, enrofloxacine, ciprofloxacine, norfloxacine) and 4 sulfonamides (sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfadoxine, sulfadimidine, sulfamerazine) on fish muscle following the European Union's (EU) criteria for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in foods. One gram of sample was extracted by acidic acetonitrile (0.5 mL of 0.1% formic acid in 7 mL of ACN), followed by LC-MS/MS analysis using an electrospray ionization interface. Typical recoveries of the 4 quinolones in the fish tissues ranged from 85 to 104%. While those of the sulfonamides ranged from 75 to 94% at the fortification level …

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Determination Of Rutin And Puerarin In Teas And Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Poly (Evans Blue) Film-Modified Electrodes, J. Wang, J. Mu, J. Ma, Y. Yang, M. Wang, L. Zhu, X. Du Jul 2020

Determination Of Rutin And Puerarin In Teas And Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Poly (Evans Blue) Film-Modified Electrodes, J. Wang, J. Mu, J. Ma, Y. Yang, M. Wang, L. Zhu, X. Du

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/poly (Evans blue)(poly-EB) film-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes were fabricated for the voltammetric determination of rutin and puerarin in teas and pharmaceutical preparations. The SWCNTs/poly-EB film-modified electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of rutin and puerarin. Two well-defined oxidation peaks of rutin and puerarin appeared at 510 and 810 mV, respectively. The peak current depended linearly on the concentration of rutin and puerarin in the range from 1.6 × 10-7 to 2.0 × 10-5 mol/L and 3.0 × 10-7 to 4.6 × 10-5 mol/L, respectively, with the detection limit of 8.2 × 10-8 mol/L for …

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Validated High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic And Chemometric Based Spectrophotometric Determination Of Ramipril And Atorvastatin In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, N. Gowda, R. Tekal, R. Thangavelu, K. Vipul, M. Rajashree Jul 2020

Validated High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic And Chemometric Based Spectrophotometric Determination Of Ramipril And Atorvastatin In Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, N. Gowda, R. Tekal, R. Thangavelu, K. Vipul, M. Rajashree

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A fast, simple RP-HPLC and three spectrophotometric methods based on classical least squares (CLS), principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS) calibrations were developed for simultaneous estimation of ramipril (RAMP) and atorvastatin calcium (ATOR) in formulations. The HPLC assay utilized Phenomenex - Luna RP C-18 (2) 250 x 4.6 mm 5 μm column with mobile phase composition of acetonitrile: 0.1 M sodium perchlorate (pH 2.5) (70 : 30, v/v), and flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with UV detection at 210 nm. Chemometric calibrations were constructed by using absorption data matrix corresponding to concentration data matrix, with measurements in …

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Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, G.-J. Huang, M.-H. Huang, C.-S. Chi, S.-S. Huang, P.-H. Shie, M.-T. Yen, B.-S. Wang Jul 2020

Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Aqueous Extracts Of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, G.-J. Huang, M.-H. Huang, C.-S. Chi, S.-S. Huang, P.-H. Shie, M.-T. Yen, B.-S. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Fructus Ligustri Lucidi has been used for its anti-inflammatory effects in traditional Chinese medicine. This study investigated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extracts of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (AFLL) in mice. AFLL significantly inhibited the production of radicals and lipid oxidation in various models. The reference compounds present in AFLL, including quercetin, myricetin, caffeic acid, gallic acid and ellagic acid, exhibited the pharmacological activities by scavenging radicals and decreasing LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages. Administration of AFLL showed a concentration dependent inhibition on the number of acetic acid-induced writhing responses and formalin-induced pain in the late phase, …

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Antioxidant Activity And Isoflavonoid Components In Different Sections Of Pueraria Lobata Root, T.-R. Chen, S.-C. Shih, H.-P. Ping, Q.-K. Wei Jul 2020

Antioxidant Activity And Isoflavonoid Components In Different Sections Of Pueraria Lobata Root, T.-R. Chen, S.-C. Shih, H.-P. Ping, Q.-K. Wei

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The isoflavonoids content and antioxidant activity in different sections of Pueraria lobata roots, including the root outer bark, kudzu root and whole root were investigated in this study. Isoflavonoid concentrations in P. lobata roots were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of P. lobata roots was assessed by total phenol content, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS free radical scavenging assay and reducing power. The root outer bark of P. lobata root possessed higher isoflavonoids content than whole root or kudzu root (p < 0.05). The levels of antioxidant potential of the root outer bark assayed by total phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS and reducing power were significantly higher than those of the whole root or the kudzu root (p < 0.05). The main isoflavonoids in all sections of P. lobata roots were puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, genistin and genistein. The major isoflavonoid puerarin in root outer bark exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity in P. lobata roots.

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Nattokinase Reduces Brain Infarction, Fibrinogen And Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, J.-M. Wang, H.-Y. Chen, S.-M. Cheng, S.-H. Chen, L.-L. Yang, F.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

Nattokinase Reduces Brain Infarction, Fibrinogen And Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, J.-M. Wang, H.-Y. Chen, S.-M. Cheng, S.-H. Chen, L.-L. Yang, F.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Natto is a traditional Japanese food prepared from fermented soybeans, nattokinase (NK) is considered one of the most active functional ingredients in natto. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of NK in gerbils subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. The gerbils were separated into four groups: control group, ischemic group and two NK groups (4 and 40 mg/day i.g. for 7 days). All gerbils were fed standard chow with or without NK prior to cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the occlusion of the right common carotid artery and middle cerebral artery for 60 min, followed by reperfusion. …

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Structural Identification Of Nano-Calcium Compounds In Milk Powder By X-Ray Powder Diffraction, C.-F. Tsai, L.-Y. Huang, S.-H. Tseng, C.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Structural Identification Of Nano-Calcium Compounds In Milk Powder By X-Ray Powder Diffraction, C.-F. Tsai, L.-Y. Huang, S.-H. Tseng, C.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

X-ray diffraction patterns of nano-calcium in milk samples obtained from market, to determine their crystal structures and average grain size. The results indicated that after processing, nano-calcium in milk powders not only prompt the transformation of crystal structure, but also partially generate oxide structures or even hydrated structures known as the hetero-phase. The methodology of using X-ray powder diffraction for the structural identification of nano-calcium compounds in milk powders has been successfully established in this study. This methodology can be applied to characterize the compounds and reveal the stability of the nano-scale additives in nano-food technology.

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Preparation Of Microparticles For Acid-Labile Lansoprazole By Solvent Evaporation Method Combined With A Spray Drying Process, W.Z. Sun, W.J. Lin, M.S. Alai Jul 2020

Preparation Of Microparticles For Acid-Labile Lansoprazole By Solvent Evaporation Method Combined With A Spray Drying Process, W.Z. Sun, W.J. Lin, M.S. Alai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of this study was to develop a microparticulate delivery system for acid-labile lansoprazole. The solvent evaporation method was employed to prepare Eudragit® RS-100 microparticles (RS-microparticles). The effects of three parameters, including polymer concentration, drug concentration and homogenization rate, on microparticle performance were evaluated. The results revealed that the homogenization rate played an important role on the microparticle size. Increasing the polymer concentration and decreasing the drug concentration enhanced the efficiency of drug encapsulation in RS-microparticles. The release of drug from RS-microparticles was governed by both Fickian diffusion and polymer swelling mechanisms. The RS-microparticles were further enteric coated by …

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Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Exhibits An Antinociceptive Activity Involvement At Central And Peripheral Nervous System, M.C. Lai, I.-M. Liu, S.-S. Liou, Y.-S. Chang Jul 2020

Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii Exhibits An Antinociceptive Activity Involvement At Central And Peripheral Nervous System, M.C. Lai, I.-M. Liu, S.-S. Liou, Y.-S. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The dry root of Aconiti kusnezoffii, also named Cao Wu, is widely used as folk medicine in China to treat rheumatic pain, paralysis due to stroke, carbuncle, and furuncle. In the present study we investigated the molecular mechanisms of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Using the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin test models in mice, our results clearly showed that the constituents of processed Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffli can reduce both peripherally and centrally induced pain in a dose-dependent manner. Mice treated with processed Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffli has significantly increased levels of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase activities in …

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Cytotoxicity, Anti-Platelet Aggregation Assay And Chemical Components Analysis Of Thirty-Eight Kinds Of Essential Oils, H.-F. Yen, S.-Y. Wang, C.-C. Wu, W.-Y. Lin, T.-Y. Wu, F.-R. Chang, C.-K. Wang Jul 2020

Cytotoxicity, Anti-Platelet Aggregation Assay And Chemical Components Analysis Of Thirty-Eight Kinds Of Essential Oils, H.-F. Yen, S.-Y. Wang, C.-C. Wu, W.-Y. Lin, T.-Y. Wu, F.-R. Chang, C.-K. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Thirty-eight essential oils (EOs), including 4 products from Taiwan high-latitude trees, Chamaecyparis formosensis, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtuse, as well as 34 commercial essential oils, were assayed on their cytotoxicity against 5 cancer cell lines and anti-platelet aggregation function. Two EOs from Juniperus virginiana and Santalum album showed significant cytotoxicity. Moreover, 2 EOs from Melissa officinalis and Piper nigrum exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on an anti-platelet aggregation assay. Some essential oils had been reported to contain cytotoxicity. However, the cytotoxicity of EOs from J. virginiana and S. album is revealed for the first time. To the best of …

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Determination And Identification Of Bilirubin In Jaundiced Pig Liver By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, K.-C. Chang, M.-Y. Chen, K.-J. Cheng, S.-P. Chen Jul 2020

Determination And Identification Of Bilirubin In Jaundiced Pig Liver By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, K.-C. Chang, M.-Y. Chen, K.-J. Cheng, S.-P. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of bilirubin concentration in pig liver. The sample was extracted by sequential extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile, followed by HPLC analysis. The accuracy of the analytical method was estimated by spiking pig liver samples with three different concentrations of bilirubin (2.5, 5 and 10 μg/mL) and a recovery of 75.7-84.9% was obtained, with corresponding intra-day and inter-day precisions of 1.6-4.1% and 2.4-3.9%, respectively. The limit of detection of bilirubin was 0.3 μg/mL and the analytical time for one sample was 9 min. In this study, the bilirubin …

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Developing An Efficacious Diclofenac Diethylamine Transdermal Formulation, S.N.H. Shah, Mehboob-E-Rabbani, Y. Shahzad, A. Badshah, V.M. Meidan, G. Murtaza Jul 2020

Developing An Efficacious Diclofenac Diethylamine Transdermal Formulation, S.N.H. Shah, Mehboob-E-Rabbani, Y. Shahzad, A. Badshah, V.M. Meidan, G. Murtaza

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The aim of current study was to develop an efficacious topical formulation of diclofenac diethylamine (DDA), for eventual use as a locally applied analgesic lotion. A series of lotions were prepared that incorporated 2% w/v DDA but a variable (1, 2, 3 or 4% v/v) concentration of oleic acid (permeation enhancer)-turpentine oil binary mixture (1:1 v/v). After measurements of each lotion's visual appearance, viscosity, spreadability, pH and long term stability, a diffusion cell method was employed to quantify DDA permeation from each lotion across both silicone membranes and rabbit skin. Subsequently, three distinct in vivo animal models were utilised to …

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Determination Of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride In Pharmaceuticals And Spiked Human Urine Through Diazotization Reaction, O.Z. Devi, K. Basavaiah, K.B. Vinay, H.D. Revanasiddappa Jul 2020

Determination Of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride In Pharmaceuticals And Spiked Human Urine Through Diazotization Reaction, O.Z. Devi, K. Basavaiah, K.B. Vinay, H.D. Revanasiddappa

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Three simple , rapid, sensitive and cost-effective titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods were described for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked human urine. The titrimetric methods were based on the diazotization reaction involving the primary amine group of MCP and NaNO2 in acid medium with visual (method A) and potentiometric (method B) end point detection. The spectrophotometric method (method C) depends upon the diazotization of MCP in acid medium followed by coupling with diphenylamine to give a red colored chromogen with a wavelength of maximum absorption at 530 nm. The experimental conditions were optimized. Both …

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