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2020

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Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 11 (3) (214-218)), Skip Jul 2020

Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 11 (3) (214-218)), Skip

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

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Simultaneous Determination Of Furostanol And Spirostanol Glycosides In Taiwanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Cultivars By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, D.-J. Yang, T.-J. Lu, L.S. Hwang Jul 2020

Simultaneous Determination Of Furostanol And Spirostanol Glycosides In Taiwanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Cultivars By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, D.-J. Yang, T.-J. Lu, L.S. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the steroid saponins, furostanol and spirostanol glycosides in Taiwanese yam cultivars. C18 column kept at 45°C was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase was a binary solvent system consisting of methanol and deionized water (62/38, v/v) in the first 20 min and 71/29 (v/v) from 21 to 65 min at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Both evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and UV (203 to 215 nm) were employed and compared for the detection of saponins. The detection limits for ELSD and 203 …

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Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 11 (2) (159)), Skip Jul 2020

Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 11 (2) (159)), Skip

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

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Subtyping Of Enterotoxin C Strains Isolated From Food Poisoning Outbreaks In Taiwan, J.-Y. Wang, T.-P. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, D.Y.-C. Shih Jul 2020

Subtyping Of Enterotoxin C Strains Isolated From Food Poisoning Outbreaks In Taiwan, J.-Y. Wang, T.-P. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, D.Y.-C. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important foodborne pathogens that caused food poisoning worldwide. There are several serologically distinct staphylococcal enterotoxins (A, B, C, D, E). SEC is subdivided into SEC1, SEC2, SEC3 based on their minor epitopes. Besides the enterotoxins, there are over thirty categories of extracellular proteins and toxins secreted by S. aureus, including coagulase, hemolysins, nuclease, and protein A. Among which, coagulase and protein A are critical biochemical characteristics of S. aureus. Total of 229 S. aureus strains were collected from 36 food poisoning outbreaks occurred in the Taiwan area and only ten SEC isolates were identified. …

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A High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method For Determining Nitrate And Nitrite Levels In Vegetables, S.-S. Chou, J.-C. Chung, D.-F. Hwang Jul 2020

A High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method For Determining Nitrate And Nitrite Levels In Vegetables, S.-S. Chou, J.-C. Chung, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, a simple, rapid, precise and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using an UV detector was developed for the determination of nitrate and nitrite amounts in vegetables. The optimal conditions were found and applied using 0.01 M octylammonium orthophosphate of aqueous 30% (v/v) methanol of pH 7.0 for the mobile phase at flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The total time for one sample analysis was within 10 min. Recoveries of nitrate and nitrite were between 96.6% to 105.7%. The calibration curves of nitrate and nitrite were extremely linear, where both correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9990 …

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A Solid-Phase Fluorescent, Quenching Method For The Determination Of Trace Amounts Of Nitrite In Foods With Neutral Red, R. Li, J.C. Yu, Z.-T. Jiang, R.-H. Zhou, H.-Y. Liu Jul 2020

A Solid-Phase Fluorescent, Quenching Method For The Determination Of Trace Amounts Of Nitrite In Foods With Neutral Red, R. Li, J.C. Yu, Z.-T. Jiang, R.-H. Zhou, H.-Y. Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple and sensitive solid-phase fluorescent quenching method for the determination of trace amounts of nitrite in food samples has been developed. The method is based on the reaction between nitrite and neutral red, which is used as an emission reagent, to form a non-fluorescent compound in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. The fluorescent intensity was measured in 5-mm quartz cells with excitation and emission wavelengths of 548 and 609 nm, respectively. The degree of fluorescent quenching showed good linearity at concentrations of nitrite between the ranges of 40-200 μg/L. The detection limit is 8.1 μg/L and the RSD is 1.7%. …

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Determination Of Ganoderic Acids In Triterpenoid Constituents Of Ganoderma Tsugae, D.-H. Chen, W.K.-D. Chen Jul 2020

Determination Of Ganoderic Acids In Triterpenoid Constituents Of Ganoderma Tsugae, D.-H. Chen, W.K.-D. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ganoderma product has the highest sale volume in the health food market in Taiwan. The most widely-used raw material is the species of G. tsuage. Nine triterpenoids were isolated from the fruiting body of G. tsugae and their structures were identified, using 1H NMR and FT-IR, as ganoderic acid A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5), C5 (6), C6 (7), G (8) and ganoderenic acid D (9). A reverse-phase HPLC method was also established for the determination of these nine triterpenoids. Among these compounds, ganoderic acid E, C5, C6, G and ganoderenic acid D were analyzed for …

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Determination Of Arsenic In Edible Oils By Direct Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, S.-S. Chen, C.-C. Cheng, S.-S. Chou Jul 2020

Determination Of Arsenic In Edible Oils By Direct Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, S.-S. Chen, C.-C. Cheng, S.-S. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A direct analytical method of arsenic content in edible oil with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer was studied. Edible oil was diluted with n-heptane followed by the determination of arsenic with Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and transverse heated graphite atomizer (THGA). The arsenic organic AAS standard solution was used as calibration standard, and bis (benzonitrile) dichloro palladium solution was used as a matrix modifier. The results showed that the optimal ashing and atomizing temperatures were 1200°C and 2300°C, respectively. The detection limit was estimated to be 0.010 ppm, and the percentages of recovery for the spike of 0.05, …

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Alkaline, Enzymatic Hydrolysis And Physicochemical Properties Of 7-Theopyllineacetic Acid Derivatives, B. Tsvetkova, J. Tencheva, P. Peikov Jul 2020

Alkaline, Enzymatic Hydrolysis And Physicochemical Properties Of 7-Theopyllineacetic Acid Derivatives, B. Tsvetkova, J. Tencheva, P. Peikov

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study, a number of esters which derived from 7-theophyllineacetic acid were prepared. The stability of 7-theophyllinylacetyloxyglycols was evaluated in sodium hydroxide solution (pH 13.0) at 60°C. The degradation reaction was monitored by using a HPLC assay with ultraviolet detection. All of esters were hydrolyzed to yield the correspondence quantitative amount of the hydrolytic product. The rate constants of the hydrolytic decomposition of the described esters were estimated. The chemical mediated conversion displayed first-order kinetics, and half-lives of hydrolysis were determined, too. Also, the ability of the esters to release 7-theophyllineacetic acid through diluted human plasma at 37°C …

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The Protection Of Anthrodia Camphorata Against Acute Hepatotoxicity Of Alcohol In Rats, Y.-Y. Dai, C.-H. Chuang, C.-C. Tsai, H.-M. Sio, S.-C. Huang, J.-C. Chen, M.-L. Hu Jul 2020

The Protection Of Anthrodia Camphorata Against Acute Hepatotoxicity Of Alcohol In Rats, Y.-Y. Dai, C.-H. Chuang, C.-C. Tsai, H.-M. Sio, S.-C. Huang, J.-C. Chen, M.-L. Hu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Antrodia camphorata is a unique mushroom of Taiwan and has been used as a folk medicine for protection against liver damage induced by alcohol intoxication. However, no report has been presented in this respect. In this rat study, we examined whether the mycelium and sporocarp of Antrodia camphorata protect against acute liver damage induced by ethanol (EtOH). Rats were orally administered with mycelium and sporocarp of Antrodia camphorata for 9 days before EtOH challenge (5.5 g/kg body wt., i.p.). Rats were divided into eight groups (A-H) and except for groups A and H, all rats were injected with alcohol. A: …

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Antioxidant Activities Of Carnosine, Anserine, Some Free Amino Acids And Their Combination, H.-C. Wu, C.-Y. Shiau, H.-M. Chen, T.-K. Chiou Jul 2020

Antioxidant Activities Of Carnosine, Anserine, Some Free Amino Acids And Their Combination, H.-C. Wu, C.-Y. Shiau, H.-M. Chen, T.-K. Chiou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

For the evaluation of antioxidant activities of dipeptides (carnosine, anserine), and free amino acids (histidine, 1-methylhistidine, taurine, glycine, alanine, β-alanine), four methods were used, including the analysis of the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, scavenging effect on α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, reducing power, and chelating ability of Cu2+. Results showed that carnosine and anserine were antioxidants preventing lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid systems. They also possessed effective abilities as free radical scavengers, reducing agents, and copper ion chelators. The activities increased with increasing concentration. However, the constituent amino acids of dipeptides, β-alanine, histidine and 1-methylhistidine, were not as effective in inhibiting …

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Correlation Of In Vivo And In Vitro Measurements Of Sun Protection Factor, M.-T. Sheu, C.-W. Lin, M.-C. Huang, C.-H. Shen, H.-O. Ho Jul 2020

Correlation Of In Vivo And In Vitro Measurements Of Sun Protection Factor, M.-T. Sheu, C.-W. Lin, M.-C. Huang, C.-H. Shen, H.-O. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, the correlation of measuring sun protection factor (SPF) values between in vivo and in vitro tests was investigated for the purpose of monitoring the in vivo efficacy of sunscreen products using in vitro tests instead of in vivo tests to lessen the labor burden. Eight products, including standard product of the US FDA (SPF 4) and COLIPA (SPF 15) and six commercial products, were included for comparison. For the in vivo test, the test sample was evenly applied to the skin at a concentration of 2 mg/cm2 using a finger stall. The lag time between application and …

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Stability-Indicating Hplc Assay Method Of Zomepirac, C.-Y. Chen, F.-A. Chen, C.-J. Chen, K.-S. Wu, A.-B. Wu Jul 2020

Stability-Indicating Hplc Assay Method Of Zomepirac, C.-Y. Chen, F.-A. Chen, C.-J. Chen, K.-S. Wu, A.-B. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An HPLC assay method for determining the degradation of zomepirac was developed and validated under acidic, basic, and photo-irradiated conditions. The HPLC system consisted of an Inertsil 5 ODS-3V column (4.6 × 250 mm i.d.), and a guard column of Inertsil 7 ODS-3V (4.6 × 50 mm i.d.) using a mobile phase of CH3CN: CH3OH: 1%HOAc (2:64:34, v/v/v) with UV detection at 254 nm. The developed method satisfies the system suitability criteria, peak integrity, and resolution for the parent drug and its degradants. The results indicate that the established assay method shows good selectivity and specificity suitable for stability measurements …

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Bioaccumulation And Elimination Of Tributyltin And Triphenyltin In Oysters And Rock Shells In Taiwan, P.-J. Meng, B.-C. Han, W.-K. Hsu, A. Chuang, J.-H. Cheng, T.-C. Hung Jul 2020

Bioaccumulation And Elimination Of Tributyltin And Triphenyltin In Oysters And Rock Shells In Taiwan, P.-J. Meng, B.-C. Han, W.-K. Hsu, A. Chuang, J.-H. Cheng, T.-C. Hung

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Bioaccumulation and elimination of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) in different culture mediums (A, control; B, 0.40 μg-TBT/L; C, 0.40 μgTPhT/L; and D, 0.20 μg-TBT/L + 0.20 (gTPhT/L) for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and for 59, 73 and 92 days in rock shells (Thais clavigera) have been carried out at Tungkang Marine Laboratory. The test animals were collected from the northern (Shiangsan: 24°46′02* N, 120°54′05* E) and southern (Chiku: 23°03′ 45* N, 120°04′37* E) oyster mariculture areas on the west coast of Taiwan in August 2000. Results indicated that no hermaphroditic oyster was observed …

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Simultaneous Determination Of Quinolones In Livestock And Marine Products By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, S.-C. Su, M.-H. Chang, C.-L. Chang, P.-C. Chang, S.-S. Chou Jul 2020

Simultaneous Determination Of Quinolones In Livestock And Marine Products By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, S.-C. Su, M.-H. Chang, C.-L. Chang, P.-C. Chang, S.-S. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nalidixic acid, flumequine, oxolinic acid, piromidic acid, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin in chicken, pork and fish. These seven quinolone antibacterials were extracted with 0.3% metaphosphoric acid: acetonitrile (1:10, v/v), followed by a Bond Elut C18 cartridge clean up procedure. The HPLC separation was achieved on a Cosmosil 5C18-AR-II column (5 μm, 4.6 mm i.d. × 250 mm) with acetonitrile: 0.05M NaH2PO4 (pH 2.5)(35:65, v/v) containing 3.5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate as a mobile phase, and detection was performed with photodiode array and fluorescence detector (by using …

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Evaluation Of Immunoassays For The Determination Of Mdma And Cannabinoids In Urine Samples, A.C. Lua, A.-R. Hu, B.-F. Lin, P.-C. Yeh, H.-R. Lin, Y.-T. Tseng Jul 2020

Evaluation Of Immunoassays For The Determination Of Mdma And Cannabinoids In Urine Samples, A.C. Lua, A.-R. Hu, B.-F. Lin, P.-C. Yeh, H.-R. Lin, Y.-T. Tseng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is structurally related to methamphetamine (MA). There are many different commercially available immunoassay (IA) reagents for the initial screening of amphetamine and/or methamphetamine. These reagents may be employed to detect MDA/MDMA in urine samples. In order to select a suitable reagent for the initial screening of MDMA in urine samples, we evaluated 7 different amphetamine immunoassay reagents: Emit d.a.u. Monoclonal Amphetamine/Methamphetamine; Emit II Plus Monoclonal Amphetamine/Methamphetamine; Emit d.a.u. Amphetamine Class; DRI Amphetamine; AxSYM Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II; Abuscreen Online Amphetamine and Cedia Amphetamine/Ecstasy. We also determined the cross reactivity of these reagents with MDA, MDMA, MBDB, MDEA and other phenethylamines. …

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Determination Of Low-Molecule-Weight Aldehydes In Packed Drinking Water By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, C.-F. Tsai, H.-W. Shiau, S.-C. Lee, S.-S. Chou Jul 2020

Determination Of Low-Molecule-Weight Aldehydes In Packed Drinking Water By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, C.-F. Tsai, H.-W. Shiau, S.-C. Lee, S.-S. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde in packed drinking water was developed. Aldehydes were derivatized with 0.5 mL DNPH (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) reagent and 0.1 mL 2 M perchloride at 55°C in 60 minutes, then adsorbed in C18 glass cartridge (was performed), eluted with 5 mL acetonitrile and finally determined by HPLC. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde-DNPH-derivatives were seperated on a Cosmosil 5C18-MS column by using acetonitrile/D.I. water (55/45, v/v) as a mobile phase, and detected with UV 360 nm. Recovery studies were performed by fortifying D.I. water with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde at …

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Investigation Of Zn, Cu, Cd And Hg Concentrations In The Oyster Of Chi-Ku, Tai-Shi And Tapeng Bay, Southwestern Taiwan, C.-Y. Chen, M.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Investigation Of Zn, Cu, Cd And Hg Concentrations In The Oyster Of Chi-Ku, Tai-Shi And Tapeng Bay, Southwestern Taiwan, C.-Y. Chen, M.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Metal concentrations in oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were investigated using 155 samples collected seasonally during 1996-2001 from the Chi-ku, Tai-shi, and Tapeng Bay areas in southwestern Taiwan. Seasonal variations as well as site difference were identified in the metal concentrations. The metal concentrations of oyster in Southwestern Taiwan indicated a typical seasonal pattern of "winterspring maximum" and "summer minimum". Among the three sites, Zn, Cu and Cd contents were found to be the highest in the March sample from Tai-shi, whereas Hg level was found to be the highest in the January sample from Chi-ku. The overall mean concentrations of Zn, …

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Factors Affecting Territrem B Production By Aspergillus Terreus Ccrc 32111 In Potato-Dextrose Medium, S.-Y. Fang, F.-C. Peng Jul 2020

Factors Affecting Territrem B Production By Aspergillus Terreus Ccrc 32111 In Potato-Dextrose Medium, S.-Y. Fang, F.-C. Peng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effects of incubation time, temperature, medium volume, and initial pH on the production of territrem B (TRB) by Aspergillus terreus CCRC 32111 were investigated. At 28°C, maximal TRB production and mycelial growth were seen after 12 days' incubation in potato-dextrose (PD) liquid medium. Greatest TRB production occurred after rapid depletion of available carbohydrate at the stationary phase of fungal growth. TRB production decreased when the broth volume/culture container volume ratio increased, but increased if initial pH was alkaline. These results show that the TRB production is affected by factors including incubation time, temperature, medium volume, and the initial pH …

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Bacterial Foodborne Outbreaks In Central Taiwan, 1991-2000, J.-M. Chang, T.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Bacterial Foodborne Outbreaks In Central Taiwan, 1991-2000, J.-M. Chang, T.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

During 1991 to 2000, 274 outbreaks of foodborne illness including 12845 cases and 3 deaths were reported in central Taiwan. Of the 274 reported outbreaks 171 (62.4%) were caused by bacterial pathogens. Chemical and natural toxins appeared to be minor causes. Microorganisms, particularly Bacillus cereus (41.2%, 113 of 171 outbreaks), Staphylococcus aureus (17.9%, 49 of 171 outbreaks), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (15.7%, 43 of 171 outbreaks) were the main etiologic agents. These outbreaks were mainly caused by mishandling of food at home (41.2%) and in school (34.3%). The suspected foods involved in outbreaks were seafood (32.5%), meat & meat-products (23.5%), cereal products …

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Chemical Composition Of The Essential Oils Of Brassica Juncea (L.) Coss. Grown In Different Regions, Hebei, Shaanxi And Shandong, Of China, J.C. Yu, Z.-T. Jiang, R. Li, S.M. Chan Jul 2020

Chemical Composition Of The Essential Oils Of Brassica Juncea (L.) Coss. Grown In Different Regions, Hebei, Shaanxi And Shandong, Of China, J.C. Yu, Z.-T. Jiang, R. Li, S.M. Chan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The composition of essential oils in the seeds of Brassica juncea (L.) Coss., grown in Hebei, Shaanxi and Shandong Province was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We have identified twenty-two compounds constituting 89.6% by weight of the mustard oil from Hebei Province. The main components were allyl isothiocyanate (54.8%), diallyl trisulfide (9.4%), diallyl sulfide (5.5%) and 3-butenyl isothiocyanate (4.8%). Fourteen compounds representing 94.5 % by weight of the mustard oil from Shaanxi Province were identified. They were allyl isothiocyanate (68.8%), diallyl trisulfide (7.8%) and 3-butenyl isothiocyanate (4.9%). Fifteen components were identified accounting for 94.3% by …

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Antioxidant Effect Of Methanol Extracts From Lotus Plumule And Blossom (Nelumbo Nucifera Gertn.), L. Wang, J.-H. Yen, H.-L. Liang, M.-J. Wu Jul 2020

Antioxidant Effect Of Methanol Extracts From Lotus Plumule And Blossom (Nelumbo Nucifera Gertn.), L. Wang, J.-H. Yen, H.-L. Liang, M.-J. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gertn.) is a major economic aqueous plant in Tainan County. Lotus plumule contains various alkaloids and is used to remove "heat" or as tranquilizer and antihypertensive agent in folk medicine. Lotus blossom contains alkaloids, organic acids, amino acids, and β-carotenoid and is used to "warm" kidney and spleen or used as a cardiotonic in folk medicine. In an attempt to assess the possible antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of lotus plumule and blossom, several in vitro assays were conducted. We found that both lotus plumule and blossom possessed strong reducing powers and free radical scavenging abilities. However, …

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Flavonoids In Herbs: Biological Fates And Potential Interactions With Xenobiotics, Chao P.-D. Lee, S.-L. Hsiu, Y.-C. Hou Jul 2020

Flavonoids In Herbs: Biological Fates And Potential Interactions With Xenobiotics, Chao P.-D. Lee, S.-L. Hsiu, Y.-C. Hou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Flavonoids represent a major group of natural antioxidants. In recent years, flavonoids have attracted increasing interest due to their various beneficial pharmacological effects and additional abilities to modulate CYPs and P-glycoprotein (Pgp), the product of mdr (multidrug - resistance) genes. There is a very large amount of in vitro data of flavonoids, but very few reports of animal studies are available. Moreover, information concerning the biological fates of flavonoids is very limited. Therefore, whether published in vitro data are predictive of in vivo effects need further discussion. On the other hand, flavonoids may activate or inhibit CYPs and Pgp, which …

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Preparation And Intestinal Absorption Of L-Dopa-D-Phenylglycine, H.-P. Wang, Y.-B. Fan, H.-H. Lu, W.-L. Hsu Jul 2020

Preparation And Intestinal Absorption Of L-Dopa-D-Phenylglycine, H.-P. Wang, Y.-B. Fan, H.-H. Lu, W.-L. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

L-Dopa-D-phenylglycine was synthesized in this laboratory as L-dopa derivative for improving its intestinal absorption. As designed for transport through the intestine via oligopeptide transporter (PepT1), the competition of this dipeptide with known substrates for PepT1 in brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) was investigated. At the presence of L-Glycinyl-L-proline (L-Gly-L-Pro), L-Glycinyl-L-phenylalanine (L-Gly-L-Phe) or cephradine, the uptake of L-dopa-D-phenylglycine in BBMV was reduced to 54.1 ± 4.5%, 57.6 ± 5.2% or 62.9 ± 10.2%, respectively. The inhibition by these dipeptides and the tripeptide mimetic amino-β-lactam was significantly higher than by amino acids L-Phenylalanine (L-Phe) or L-dopa. The results suggested that the intestinal H …

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Evaluation Of Commercially Available Kits For Detection Of Escherichia Coli O157, L.-C. Chiueh, F.-R. Chen, D.Y.-C. Shih Jul 2020

Evaluation Of Commercially Available Kits For Detection Of Escherichia Coli O157, L.-C. Chiueh, F.-R. Chen, D.Y.-C. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, four commercially available kits specific for Escherichia coli O157 and one PCR method were evaluated for their performance while applied to detect E. coli O157:H7 in foods. Using 69 pure strains, the specificity and sensitivity rates were both 100% as determined on the base of O157-antigen. While targeted on both O157 and H7 antigens, all tested kits showed 100% sensitivity rates, but specificity rates decreased to 89.6%. The detection limits of the four kits ranged from 10 3 to 10 4 CFU/mL. Both the specificity rate and sensitivity rate of the PCR method were 100%, with a …

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Evaluation And Validation Of Potency Testing Method For Live Rubella Virus Vaccine, D.-Y. Wang, S.-Y. Yeh, C.-P. Chou, H.-F. Cheng, J.-T. Hsieh, C.-P. Lin Jul 2020

Evaluation And Validation Of Potency Testing Method For Live Rubella Virus Vaccine, D.-Y. Wang, S.-Y. Yeh, C.-P. Chou, H.-F. Cheng, J.-T. Hsieh, C.-P. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The potency of live rubella virus vaccine is usually determined by the microtitration method using in vitro cytopathic effect (CPE) with rabbit kidney epithelial (RK-13) cell culture. However, it is difficult to identify the rubella viral CPE through microscopic examination. Therefore, developing a validated and accurate method for potency determination is important for the laboratories of the government and vaccine manufacturers to ensure the effectiveness of rubella vaccination. In this study, we evaluated different culture conditions of RK-13 cells for the potency test of live rubella virus vaccine. We found that the RK-13 cells with the initial plating number of …

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Validation Of Growth Models For Listeria Monocytogenes And Yersinia Enterocolitica In Cooked Chicken Meat, Q.-K. Wei, T.J. Fang Jul 2020

Validation Of Growth Models For Listeria Monocytogenes And Yersinia Enterocolitica In Cooked Chicken Meat, Q.-K. Wei, T.J. Fang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, growth rate models of the Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica were compared in cooked chicken meat. The chicken meat was inoculated with the pure culture or mixed cultures of these pathogens and stored at 4-34°C. After the growth curves of these two pathogens were obtained, the modified Gompertz function was then fitted to the experimental curves. The parameter of specific growth rate was described by the Zwietering model. The models predicting the growth for these pathogens in chicken meat and parameters generated by pathogens modeling program (PMP) were then compared using the mathematical and statistical parameters such …

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Heavy Metal Concentrations In Nine Species Of Fishes Caught In Coastal Waters Off Ann-Ping, S.W. Taiwan, Y.-C. Chen, M.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Heavy Metal Concentrations In Nine Species Of Fishes Caught In Coastal Waters Off Ann-Ping, S.W. Taiwan, Y.-C. Chen, M.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nine species of the most commonly found fishes in the Ann-Ping coastal waters, were selected and analyzed for the Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Cd concentrations in the muscles, livers and gonads. The results revealed that the Zn and Fe concentrations were the highest; followed by Cu and Mn, Cd being the lowest in the three kinds of fish tissues. The liver metal concentrations showed the highest values among the three tissues, whereas the muscle concentrations were the lowest. The muscle concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu , Mn and Cd ranged 4.00-7.28, 2.35-7.72, 0.20-0.45, 0.20-0.83 and <0.0005 μg/g wet weight, respectively. The liver concentrations of the five elements were in the range of 23.0-66.6, 131-646, 3.34-48.2, 0.75-1.94, and 0.08-0.70 μg/g wet weight, respectively. A significant species-specific difference was found. The Sardinella lemuru contained higher muscle concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cd than the other species of fishes. However, the Liza macrolepis contained the highest liver concentrations of Fe and Cu. The metal concentrations found in this study were similar to the metal levels of the fishes collected from slightly polluted waters all over the world and Taiwan. Therefore, no public health problem would be raised in the consumption of the fishes.

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Component Analysis Of Black Ant (Polyrhachis Lamellidens) Extracts From Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Y.-D. Cheng, C.-H. Tseng, H.-P. Wang, C.-C. Liao Jul 2020

Component Analysis Of Black Ant (Polyrhachis Lamellidens) Extracts From Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Y.-D. Cheng, C.-H. Tseng, H.-P. Wang, C.-C. Liao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Black ant Polyrhachis lamellidens Fr. Smith (Formicidae), found wild throughout China and Taiwan, has long been used as folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic hepatitis, sexual hypofunction and antiaging. In this study, we extracted several components from this insect by using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique under different temperature, pressure, and extraction time. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and identified by a mass library search. This paper presents a comparison of extraction quantity and composition by different extraction conditions. The results show that thirty-nine known compounds were isolated from P. …

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Determination Of Arsenic In Edible Fats And Oils By Focused Microwave Digestion And Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer, S.-S. Chen, B.-Y. Lee, C.-C. Cheng, S.-S. Chou Jul 2020

Determination Of Arsenic In Edible Fats And Oils By Focused Microwave Digestion And Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometer, S.-S. Chen, B.-Y. Lee, C.-C. Cheng, S.-S. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A method for the determination of arsenic in edible fats and oils was developed. A half-gram sample was digested with 10 mL sulfuric acid and 5 mL nitric acid by focused microwave digester, and then analyzed by atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS). The detection limit of the instrument was at 50 pg/mL. The recovery studies were performed at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 ppm spike levels of arsenic in palm oil, olive oil and lard. The recoveries were in range of 89.8 ∼ 94.7, 86.4 ∼ 96.9 and 86.9 ∼ 91.5%, respectively. Twenty-one market samples of edible fats and oils were analyzed …

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