Digital Commons Network^™

Sestrin2 Phosphorylation By Ulk1 Induces Autophagic Degradation Of Mitochondria Damaged By Copper-Induced Oxidative Stress, Heejeong Kim, Byeong Tak Jeon, Isaac M. Kim, Sydney Townsend, Carolyn M. Lorch, Martonio Viana, Jacob F. Myers, Caroline J. Trupp, Zachary T. Whipps, Mondira Kundu, Soonkyu Chung, Xinghui Sun, Oleh Khalimonchuk, Jaekwon Lee, Seung-Hyun Ro

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Selective autolysosomal degradation of damaged mitochondria, also called mitophagy, is an indispensable process for maintaining integrity and homeostasis of mitochondria. One well-established mechanism mediating selective removal of mitochondria under relatively mild mitochondria-depolarizing stress is PINK1-Parkin-mediated or ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy. However, additional mechanisms such as LC3-mediated or ubiquitin-independent mitophagy induction by heavy environmental stress exist and remain poorly understood. The present study unravels a novel role of stress-inducible protein Sestrin2 in degradation of mitochondria damaged by transition metal stress. By utilizing proteomic methods and studies in cell culture and rodent models, we identify autophagy kinase ULK1-mediated phosphorylation sites of Sestrin2 and demonstrate …

Insights From The Inclusive Environments And Metrics In Biology Education And Research Network: Our Experience Organizing Inclusive Biology Education Research Events, Rebecca A. Campbell-Montalvo, Natalia Caporale, Gary S. Mcdowell, Candice Idlebird, Katie M. Wiens, Kimberly M. Jackson, Jana D. Marcette, Michael E. Moore

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

In contrast to efforts focusing on improving inclusion in STEM classrooms from kindergarten through un-dergraduate (K–16), efforts to improve inclusion in scientific meetings and conferences, important hubs of STEM culture, are more recent. Markers of inclusion that are sometimes overlooked at these events can include the composition of panels, how workshops are run, the affordability of conferences, and various other mechanisms that maintain pre-existing hierarchies and norms that limit the participation of early-career researchers and individuals of minoritized cultural, linguistic, and economic backgrounds. The Inclusive Environments and Metrics in Biology Education and Research (iEMBER) network coordinates efforts of researchers from …

A Global Database Of Soil Nematode Abundance And Functional Group Composition, Johan Van Den Hoogen, Stefan Geisen, Thomas W. Crowther, Peter Mullin, Many Co-Authors

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

As the most abundant animals on earth, nematodes are a dominant component of the soil community. They play critical roles in regulating biogeochemical cycles and vegetation dynamics within and across landscapes and are an indicator of soil biological activity. Here, we present a comprehensive global dataset of soil nematode abundance and functional group composition. This dataset includes 6,825 georeferenced soil samples from all continents and biomes. For geospatial mapping purposes these samples are aggregated into 1,933 unique 1-km pixels, each of which is linked to 73 global environmental covariate data layers. Altogether, this dataset can help to gain insight into …

Otterbein Towers Fall /Winter 2020, Otterbein Towers

Towers Magazine

No abstract provided.

To Level The Playing Field, Develop Interest, K. Ann Renninger, S. E. Hidi

Educational Studies Faculty Works

Individuals do not all come to tasks, activities, or assignments with the same readiness to engage. Differences in the ability to focus, comprehend, or problem-solve can lead to inequalities of outcome and make learners less likely to realize their potential. Given that interest development supports persistence, conscientiousness, and the ability to work with negative feedback, educators and policymakers could help to increase educational opportunity for all by promoting the development of interest. Interest is a cognitive and motivational variable that describes (a) engagement, or participation, with some content (such as physics, writing, or baseball) and also (b) the motivation to …

The Essence Of Hate And Love, Clark R. Mccauley

Psychology Faculty Research and Scholarship

This chapter updates and extends ideas advanced by Royzman, McCauley, and Rozin in The Psychology of Hate. In particular, it builds on the work of Shand, who argued that hate and love are not themselves emotions but the occasions of experiencing many different emotions, depending on what is happening to the one hated or loved. The first section reviews four ways of getting to the meaning of hate. The second section stipulates a definition of identification and provides examples of the power of positive and negative identification in human affairs. The third section reviews ideas about what it means to …

Sports Performance Measures In Youth Wheelchair Basketball Athletes, Kathryn Rodebaugh

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Detecting Fake News Spreaders In Social Networks Via Linguistic And Personality Features: Notebook For Pan At Clef 2020, Anu Shrestha, Francesca Spezzano, Abishai Joy

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper addresses the problem of automatically detecting fake news spreaders in social networks such as Twitter. We model the problem as a binary classification task and consider several groups of features, including writing style, word and char n-grams, BERT semantic embedding, and sentiment analysis, which are computed from a set of tweets each user authored. Our proposed approach is evaluated on the dataset made available by the PAN at CLEF 2020 shared task on profiling fake news spreader, which provided labeled data in both English and Spanish. Experimental results show that we can detect fake news spreaders with an …

Air Quality Improvement During Triple-Lockdown In The Coastal City Of Kannur, Kerala To Combat Covid-19 Transmission, C. T. Resmi, T. Nishanth, M. K. Satheesh Kumar, M. G. Manoj

Open Access archive

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, last year has since become the COVID-19 pandemic across all continents. To restrict the spread of the virus pandemic, the Government of India imposed a lockdown from 25 March 2020. In India, Kannur district was identified as the first "hotspot"of virus transmission and a "triple-lockdown"was implemented for a span of twenty days from 20 April 2020. This article highlights the variations of surface O3, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, NH3, VOC's, PM10, PM2.5 and meteorological parameters at the time of pre-lockdown, lockdown and triple-lockdown days at Kannur town in …

Global Injury Morbidity And Mortality From 1990 To 2017: Results From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017, Spencer L. James, Chris D. Castle, Zachary V. Dingels, Jack T. Fox

Open Access archive

Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate …

Stable Isoniazid Derivatives: In Silico Studies, Synthesis And Biological Assessment Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In Liquid Culture, S. L. Gaonkar, S. S. Hakkimane, B. R. Bharath, V. P. Shenoy

Open Access archive

Isoniazid (INH) is well-known as a crucial drug in all multiple drug treatment for tuberculosis (TB) as approved by the WHO. It is a small molecule and highly hydrophilic, has low cellular penetration. By modifying highly hydrophilic drugs into hydrophobic will help in enhancing the cellular penetration of the drug and this, in turn, improves the therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Isoniazid a prodrug gets activated by KatG enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis thus inhibiting InhA enzyme essential for the synthesis of Mycolic acid, a chief component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall. Hence in the current study, a series of isoniazid …

Aberrant Lipid Metabolism As An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy To Target Cancer Stem Cells, Malini Visweswaran, Frank Arfuso, Sudha Warrier, Arun Dharmarajan

Open Access archive

Emerging evidence in cancer metabolomics has identified reprogrammed metabolic pathways to be a major hallmark of cancer, among which deregulated lipid metabolism is a prominent field receiving increasing attention. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) comprise <0.1% of the tumor bulk and possess high self-renewal, tumor-initiating properties, and are responsible for therapeutic resistance, disease recurrence, and tumor metastasis. Hence, it is imperative to understand the metabolic rewiring occurring in CSCs, especially their lipid metabolism, on which there have been recent reports. CSCs rely highly upon lipid metabolism for maintaining their stemness properties and fulfilling their biomass and energy demands, ultimately leading to cancer growth and invasion. Hence, in this review we will shed light on the aberrant lipid metabolism that CSCs exploit to boost their survival, which comprises upregulation in de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplet synthesis, lipid desaturation, and β-oxidation. Furthermore, the metabolic regulators involved in the process, such as key lipogenic enzymes, are also highlighted. Finally, we also summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting the key regulators involved in CSCs' lipid metabolism, which thereby demonstrates the potential to develop powerful and novel therapeutics against the CSC lipid metabolome.

Extra-Cellular Vesicles Carry Proteome Of Cancer Hallmarks, Ana Sofia Carvalho, Henrique Baeta, Bruno Costa Silva, Maria Carolina Strano Moraes

Open Access archive

Through lateral transfer, extra-cellular vesicles (EVs) transport their DNA, miRNA, mRNA and proteins such as enzymes mediating drug resistance, transporters as well as growth factors to neighboring cells. By virtue of this horizontal transfer, EVs potentially regulate cell growth, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis and increase tissue permeability in cancer. Furthermore, EVs regulate immune factors and allow the tumor cells to evade immune recognition and cell death. To explore if the proteomes of exosomes support functional transfer of cancer hallmarks, in this meta-analysis, we compared EVs and whole cell proteomes from the NCI-60 human tumor cell line panel. We observed a …

The Pax-Six-Eya-Dach Network Modulates Gata-Fog Function In Fly Hematopoiesis And Human Erythropoiesis, T. Michael Creed, Rajkumar Baldeosingh, Christian L. Eberly, Caroline S. Schlee

Open Access archive

The GATA and PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH transcriptional networks (PSEDNs) are essential for proper development across taxa. Here, we demonstrate novel PSEDN roles in vivo in Drosophila hematopoiesis and in human erythropoiesis in vitro. Using Drosophila genetics, we show that PSEDN members function with GATA to block lamellocyte differentiation and maintain the prohemocyte pool. Overexpression of human SIX1 stimulated erythroid differentiation of human erythroleukemia TF1 cells and primary hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells. Conversely, SIX1 knockout impaired erythropoiesis in both cell types. SIX1 stimulation of erythropoiesis required GATA1, as SIX1 overexpression failed to drive erythroid phenotypes and gene expression patterns in GATA1 knockout cells. SIX1 …

Mapping The Micro-Proteome Of The Nuclear Lamina And Lamina-Associated Domains, Xianrong Wong, Jevon A. Cutler, Victoria E. Hoskins, Molly Gordon

Open Access archive

The nuclear lamina is a proteinaceous network offilaments that provide both structural and gene regulatory functions by tethering proteins and large domains of DNA, the so-called lamina-associated domains (LADs), to the periphery of the nucleus. LADs are a large fraction of the mammalian genome that are repressed, in part, by their association to the nuclear periphery. The genesis and maintenance of LADs is poorly understood as are the proteins that participate in these functions. In an effort to identify proteins that reside at the nuclear periphery and potentially interact with LADs, we have taken a two-pronged approach. First, we have …

N-Amino Peptide Scanning Reveals Inhibitors Of Aβ42 Aggregation, Khalilia C. Tillett, Juan R. Valle

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The aggregation of amyloids into toxic oligomers is believed to be a key pathogenic event in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Peptidomimetic modulators capable of destabilizing the propagation of an extended network of β-sheet fibrils represent a potential intervention strategy. Modifications to amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides derived from the core domain have afforded inhibitors capable of both antagonizing aggregation and reducing amyloid toxicity. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that peptide backbone amination stabilizes β-sheet-like conformations and precludes β-strand aggregation. Here, we report the synthesis of N-aminated hexapeptides capable of inhibiting the fibrillization of full-length Aβ₄₂. A …

Early Acid/Base And Electrolyte Changes In Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: Aged Male And Female Rats, Sarah R. Martha, Lisa A. Collier, Stephanie M. Davis, Sarah J. Goodwin, David Powell, Doug Lukins, Justin F. Fraser, Keith R. Pennypacker

Neurosurgery Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Early changes in acid/base and electrolyte concentrations could provide insights into the development of neuropathology at the onset of stroke. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte concentrations, and outcomes in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model.

METHODS: 18-month-old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent pMCAO. Pre-, post- (7 min after occlusion), and at 72 hr of pMCAO venous blood samples provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple linear regression determined predictors of infarct and edema volumes from these values, Kaplan-Meier curve analyzed morality between males and …

North Fork: Whitesburg Tributaries Watershed Plan, Letcher County, Ky, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

Crafts Colly, Sandlick, and Dry Fork are tributaries to the North Fork of the Kentucky River. The three tributaries are located immediately north of the North Fork of the Kentucky and flow southward into the river within or near the City of Whitesburg in Letcher County, Kentucky. Letcher County is found in the Appalachian coalfields of southeastern Kentucky.

To improve water quality in the Kentucky River, water quality impairments in the upper reaches of the watershed must be addressed. In focusing efforts in Crafts Colly, Sandlick, and Dry Fork, three headwater tributaries of the North Fork Kentucky River, pollution loading …

2019 Kentucky River Watershed Watch: Annual Report, Malissa Mcalister, Steven Evans

Kentucky River Watershed Watch

No abstract provided.

From Petri Dish To Main Dish: The Legal Pathway For Cell-Based Meat, Brian P. Sylvester, Nathan A. Beaver, Kara Schoonover, Jonathan I. Tietz

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

Meat grown outside an animal is no longer simply science fiction, and the market is poised for introduction of a variety of so-called cell-based meat products. Commercializing these products will require a clear regulatory path forward. In this Article, we explore that legal pathway. We introduce the concepts of cellular agriculture and cell-based meat, including the science, the state and history of the industry, and the general regulatory background, in which the USDA and FDA are the major players. Further, we explore in particular regulatory aspects of food safety and labeling in the context of cell-based meat. Overall, we contend …

What The Brita Won’T Purify: Why Kentucky Is In Need Of Strict Pharmaceutical Disposal Regulations, Caroline K. Mitchell

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Synthesis, Characterization, And Investigation Of The Antimicrobial Activity Of Cetylpyridinium Tetrachlorozincate, Viktor Dubovoy, Shiri Nawrocki, Gaurav Verma, Lukasz Wojtas, Primit Desai, Hassan Al-Tameemi, Tatiana V. Brinzari, Michael Stranick, Dailin Chen, Shaopeng Xu, Shengqian Ma, Jeffrey M. Boyd, Tewodros Asefa, Long Pan

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Cetylpyridinium tetrachlorozincate (referred to herein as (CP)₂ZnCl₄) was synthesized and its solid-state structure was elucidated via single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), revealing a stoichiometry of C₄₂H₇₆Cl₄N₂Zn with two cetylpyridinium (CP) cations per [ZnCl₄]^2– tetrahedra. Crystal structures at 100 and 298 K exhibited a zig-zag pattern with alternating alkyl chains and zinc units. The material showed potential for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, to reduce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) generated by bacteria, and in the fabrication of advanced functional materials. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of (CP) …

Metal–Organic Frameworks For Enzyme Immobilization: Beyond Host Matrix Materials, Xiaoliang Wang, Pui Ching Lan, Shengqian Ma

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Enzyme immobilization in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a promising strategy is attracting the interest of scientists from different disciplines with the expansion of MOFs’ development. Different from other traditional host materials, their unique strengths of high surface areas, large yet adjustable pore sizes, functionalizable pore walls, and diverse architectures make MOFs an ideal platform to investigate hosted enzymes, which is critical to the industrial and commercial process. In addition to the protective function of MOFs, the extensive roles of MOFs in the enzyme immobilization are being well-explored by making full use of their remarkable properties like well-defined structure, high porosity, …

Collagen Production And Niche Engineering: A Novel Strategy For Cancer Cells To Survive Acidosis In Dcis And Evolve, Mehdi Damaghi, Hidetoshi Mori, Samantha Byrne, Liping Xu, Tingan Chen, Joseph Johnson, Nathan D. Gallant, Andriy Marusyk, Alexander D. Borowsky, Robert J. Gillies

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

Growing tumors are dynamic and nonlinear ecosystems, wherein cancer cells adapt to their local microenvironment, and these adaptations further modify the environment, inducing more changes. From nascent intraductal neoplasms to disseminated metastatic disease, several levels of evolutionary adaptations and selections occur. Here, we focus on one example of such an adaptation mechanism, namely, “niche construction” promoted by adaptation to acidosis, which is a metabolic adaptation to the early harsh environment in intraductal neoplasms. The avascular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) make the periluminal volume profoundly acidic, and cancer cells must adapt to this to survive. Based on discovery …

2019 Bucktoe Creek Preserve Nest Box Performance Summary, Joe Johnson

Delaware Ornithologist

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Vegetation Response Subsequent To Crp Mid-Contract Management Across The Western United States: Draft Project Report, Kenneth J. Elgersma

Faculty Work

It is impossible to explicitly state the degree to which mid-contract management (MCM) impacts the benefits that CRP enrollments provide due to the size of the program and variety of management prescriptions. But it is well documented that all native grasslands evolved with some type of ecological disturbance and the relatively good health of the grassland correlates with its disturbance regime. Concomitantly, all grassland bird communities have habitat requirements that evolved in conjunction with disturbance (primarily grazing).

While natural-disturbance regimes may be desirable from an ecological prospective, dependence on natural disturbances to meet specific conservation objectives is unrealistic. Management policies …

The Rong Ngeng Of The Andaman Coast : History, Ecology, And The Preservation Of A Traditional Performing Art, Lawrence Ross

Manusya, Journal of Humanities

This article examines recent grassroots strategies for preserving traditional performing arts along southern Thailand’s Andaman Sea Coast, focusing on rong ngeng, an idiomatic form of social dance and music, widely popular there in the post-World War Two years. Between 1935 and 1960 a small, mixed cohort of rural performing artists created networks of communities, scattered on Thai-Andaman, with a distinctive regional culture based in the shared repertoire of songs and dances they adapted, created an innovative lyrical style called phleng tanyong (Tanyong song), and a star system that turned village performers into local celebrities (Ross 2017, 68). More than …

Ecological And Evolutionary Dynamics Of Elephant Rewilding, Lysanne Snijders

Animal Sentience

Baker & Winkler make a thought-provoking contribution to the discussion of what role captive animals could play in nature conservation and how we could get there through rewilding. There certainly is potential for captive Asian elephants, Elephas maximus, to become targets of conservation efforts, but there are also many questions: (1) How much do (behavioral) traits of captive-origin animals differ from their free conspecifics? (2) What predicts the likelihood and strength of social reintegration of captive animals into free populations? (3) How much of an Asian elephant’s functional role in the environment can captive animals still fulfill and how …

Fishbowl Discussions: Promoting Collaboration Between Mathematics And Partner Disciplines, Stella K. Hofrenning, Rosalyn Hobson Hargraves, Tao Chen, Afroditi Vennie Filippas, Rhonda Fitzgerald, John Hearn, Lori J. Kayes, Joan Kunz, Rebecca Segal

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

A National Consortium for Synergistic Undergraduate Mathematics via Multi-institutional Interdisciplinary Teaching Partnerships project (SUMMIT-P) is a collaboration of institutions focused on revising first- and second-year mathematics courses with the help of partner disciplines with prerequisite mathematics courses. This paper describes the fishbowl discussion technique used by the consortium members to encourage interdisciplinary conversation. Vignettes describing the results of conversations that occurred at several consortium member institutions are provided by the co-authors.

The Influence Of Observational Experience And Metaconceptual Teaching Activities On Secondary Science Teacher Candidates’ Conceptual Understandings Of The Practices Of Science, Jillian L. Wendt, Brandy Huderson

Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations

Research supports that the use of intentional, metaconceptual teaching practices enhances teacher candidates’ conceptual change, thus affecting teacher candidates’ accumulation of new knowledge and understanding. With the increased focus on and need to accommodate the calls for enhanced science teacher education of the Next Generation Science Standards and the related practices of science, it is important to consider how teacher preparation programs enact conceptual change among teacher candidates that align with the current calls. This study examines intentional, metaconceptual teaching activities coupled with observational field experiences with mentor scientists to determine whether engagement in these activities affects teacher candidates’ understandings …