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2020

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Antibiotic Disruption Of Oral Microbiota Dysregulates The Osteoimmune Response And Alveolar Bone Homeostasis In The Healthy Periodontium, Brooks Albert Swanson Jan 2020

Antibiotic Disruption Of Oral Microbiota Dysregulates The Osteoimmune Response And Alveolar Bone Homeostasis In The Healthy Periodontium, Brooks Albert Swanson

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Problem: A balanced relationship between the host and oral microbiota supports periodontal health and alveolar bone homeostasis. Antibiotic perturbation of the gut microbiota critically regulates the osteoimmune response at non-oral skeletal sites. However, the impact of antibiotics on the oral microbiota and osteoimmune mechanisms regulating alveolar bone homeostasis are unknown. Considering that periodontitis driven bone loss is caused by dysbiotic shifts in the oral microbiome, antibiotic disruption of the oral microbiota may have deleterious effects on alveolar bone homeostasis. Approach: Drinking water of sex-matched C57BL/6T specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice was supplemented with minocycline (MINO) or vehicle (VEH) control treatment from age …

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Regulation Of Murine Physiology And Metabolism By The Adipocyte Circadian Clock Through Sphingosine Kinase 1, Andrea Kelsey Anderson Jan 2020

Regulation Of Murine Physiology And Metabolism By The Adipocyte Circadian Clock Through Sphingosine Kinase 1, Andrea Kelsey Anderson

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

The adipocyte, widely known for its large lipid droplets, is a crucial signaling cell at the crux of metabolism. Programs within the adipocyte itself may have massive impacts upon the body. For example, the internal cell-autonomous circadian clock within the adipocyte regulates such lipid droplet-associated processes as lipolysis (triacylglycerol breakdown) and lipogenesis (lipid uptake, triacylglycerol synthesis), which influence circulating lipids, thus impacting other organs. Circadian rhythms (molecular, metabolic, and behavioral patterning over a day) and lipid droplets are both highly evolutionarily conserved biological phenomena that also happen to be intertwined in the system about which we care today, the global …

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Organizational Culture As A Predictor Of Counselors’ Wellness, Ashley Nicole Davis Jan 2020

Organizational Culture As A Predictor Of Counselors’ Wellness, Ashley Nicole Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The foci of existing literature related to counselor wellness are on counselors as individuals, and researchers have failed to consider counselors as part of a larger system. Researchers have found that demanding work environments are more likely to lead to compassion fatigue and burnout for counselors which pose threats to the well-being of clients. The organizational culture also affects counselor self-efficacy, which influences the emotional state of the counselors. Limited research exists on institutional-level factors, such as the organizational culture, in counselor wellness which demonstrates the importance of this study. The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental survey study was to …

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Online Social Support And Biopsychosocial Implications For Bariatric Patients, Jamie Kathryn Schofell-Williams Jan 2020

Online Social Support And Biopsychosocial Implications For Bariatric Patients, Jamie Kathryn Schofell-Williams

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity has grown to epidemic proportions in the United States with approximately 40% of women and 30% of men having a body mass index greater than 35. Bariatric surgery is an effective form of weight loss. However, weight regain is a problem, with 50% of persons undergoing bariatric surgery experiencing a weight regain of 5% within 2 years of surgery and only 40% maintaining a loss of 30% or more long-term. Potential biological, psychological, and social issues can negatively impact the long-term success of weight management for many bariatric surgery patients. Research is significantly limited within this area and it …

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Teachers’ Perspectives On Implementation Of The Measure Of Academic Performance (Map) Assessment, Derek John Varansky Jan 2020

Teachers’ Perspectives On Implementation Of The Measure Of Academic Performance (Map) Assessment, Derek John Varansky

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

A rural Midwestern school district the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) adaptiveassessment did not yield the expected improvements in student outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand teacher practice regarding MAP implementation. The conceptual framework was based on Fullan and Langworthy’s change theory. The three research questions focused on how teachers use individual student MAP data to design learning experiences, how teachers engage in professional learning about MAP, and how teachers work with students to set learning goals. Data were collected in a rural school district in the midwestern United States, through interviews of 12 …

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An Interpretive Qualitative Study Of Idaho Head Start Families Facing Food Insecurity, Sherry Deiter Jan 2020

An Interpretive Qualitative Study Of Idaho Head Start Families Facing Food Insecurity, Sherry Deiter

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this basic interpretive qualitative study was to examine food insecurity among Idaho Head Start enrolled families, focusing on barriers and deterrents to accessing available nutrition assistance programs. The social-ecological model (SEM) was used as the theoretical foundation for this study. Based on this model, the research questions were designed to explore experiences of participants related to individual, interpersonal, community, organizational, policy, and educational factors that influenced food insecurity. Parents who had children enrolled in Idaho Head Start programs that met purposeful sampling criteria were recruited for the study. A total of 11 parents, all who had experiences …

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Perceptions Of Health Care Professionals Providing Smoking Cessation In Health Care Settings, Dr. Tenishia Tamika Edwards Jan 2020

Perceptions Of Health Care Professionals Providing Smoking Cessation In Health Care Settings, Dr. Tenishia Tamika Edwards

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Tobacco use affects many individuals in the United States and around the world, particularly those who have existing health disparities. Smoking cessation therapy is a process used by health care professionals (HCPs) to help aid in the reduction or elimination of tobacco use. HCPs providing this service in health care settings can reach patients directly while helping to decrease the mortality rate in those who use tobacco. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to identify HCPs’ perceptions of patient barriers to adherence to smoking cessation services and what can be done to improve smoking cessation in health care …

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Project-Based Learning Implementation In Elementary School, Vehia Goo Jan 2020

Project-Based Learning Implementation In Elementary School, Vehia Goo

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Project-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered approach that has been required by state and school-level leadership, but the teachers have not received formal training before implementing it in their classes. This study explored the perception of current PBL implementation among teachers and administrators at an urban elementary school, focusing specifically on fidelity and adaptations. The research questions guiding this study asked what administrators perceive as the intent of PBL instruction and what teachers perceive as the nature of implementation in their classrooms. This qualitative exploratory case study included an analysis of data from interviews, observations, and the relevant documents of …

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Perceived Obstacles For State-Facilitated Legal Recreational Cannabis, Robert A. Lino Jan 2020

Perceived Obstacles For State-Facilitated Legal Recreational Cannabis, Robert A. Lino

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

U.S. states that facilitate the use of legal recreational cannabis face the threat of federal prosecution because cannabis remains illegal at the federal level. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to assess the perceived obstacles to the state-facilitated regulation and implementation of legal recreational cannabis. Collective action federalism theory provided the framework for the study. The data collection instrument was developed based on themes in the literature and was pilot tested to ensure accuracy. The final study included 22 participants who represented the cannabis industry in the United States. Descriptive coding and thematic analysis indicated that the federal …

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Evaluating Integrated Treatment On Recidivism For Female Offenders In Criminal Justice System, Oyin T. Popoola Jan 2020

Evaluating Integrated Treatment On Recidivism For Female Offenders In Criminal Justice System, Oyin T. Popoola

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The burden of co-occurring disorders (CODs) among offenders in the criminal justice system (CJS) in the United States, particularly among the female population, is threatening the communities. About 80% of women in the CJS were diagnosed and treated for CODs, and 63% tend to be rearrested. The study examined the possible influence of CODs, integrated treatment of CODs, and gender, on recidivism while controlling for other demographic factors. The study was based on the conceptual framework of integrated dual disorder treatment (IDDT) and feminist criminology theory. Cross-sectional quantitative study design was applied on a secondary dataset from the 2017 Treatment …

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Utilization And Impact Of Peer-Support Programs On Police Officers’ Mental Health, Beth A. Milliard Jan 2020

Utilization And Impact Of Peer-Support Programs On Police Officers’ Mental Health, Beth A. Milliard

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Police officer suicides rates hit an all-time high in the province of Ontario, Canada, in 2018. Sadly, this statistic is somewhat unsurprising, as research has shown that police officers suffer from higher rates of mental health disorder diagnoses compared the general public. One key reason for the elevated levels of suicide and other mental health issues among police officers is the stigma associated with seeking help. In an attempt to address these serious issues, Ontario’s police services have begun to create internal peer-support programs as a way of supporting their members. The present research explores the experiences of police officers …

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Strategies To Reduce Costs Associated With Hospital Readmissions, Almunzer Zakaria Jan 2020

Strategies To Reduce Costs Associated With Hospital Readmissions, Almunzer Zakaria

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Hospital administrators struggle to reduce hospital readmissions to improve hospital performance. Reducing costs of readmissions is important to hospital administrators because it may lead to an inability to meet budget requirements. Grounded by complex adaptive systems and business process quality management principles, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore strategies nonprofit hospital administrators use to reduce costs associated with hospital readmissions. Participants included 4 successful hospital administrators at 1 hospital in Doha, Qatar, who have responsibility for overseeing readmissions. Data were collected using semistructured face-to-face interviews and organizational documents. Traditional text analysis was used to identify …

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Sexual Orientation, Body Mass Index, And Methamphetamine Use Among Chicago Youth, Nileshkumar Panchal Jan 2020

Sexual Orientation, Body Mass Index, And Methamphetamine Use Among Chicago Youth, Nileshkumar Panchal

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Drug use and obesity are two of the most challenging health-related issues that young people face. Obesity, substance abuse, and drug addiction lead to brain dysfunction, which can decrease the quality of life and academic performance as well as increase the vulnerability of developing chronic diseases. To date, there has been little research to determine whether sexual orientation influences the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and methamphetamine use. Focusing on youth, the relationship between BMI, methamphetamine use, and sexual orientation were examined in this study through secondary data analysis of the Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System in Chicago. Guided …

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African American Noncustodial Fathers’ Perceptions Of Fatherhood Programs, Melissa Marie Smith Jan 2020

African American Noncustodial Fathers’ Perceptions Of Fatherhood Programs, Melissa Marie Smith

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Fatherhood programs have varying intentions, including encouraging peer interaction among fathers, supporting healthy father-child relationships, developing positive family dynamics, and identifying parenting strategies. However, much less is known about how fatherhood programs fulfill the needs of fathers as examined by the theory of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The purpose of this qualitative generative research study was to explore African American noncustodial fathers’ experiences of fatherhood program in which they participated, and how these programs fulfilled their needs as framed by those from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The research question for this study focused on how African American noncustodial fathers perceive …

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African American Maternal Mortality In The United States: A Quantitative Analysis Of Chronic Disease And Maternal Deaths, Glory Inyang Jan 2020

African American Maternal Mortality In The United States: A Quantitative Analysis Of Chronic Disease And Maternal Deaths, Glory Inyang

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American women have higher rates of chronic disease including diabetes and cardiovascular related disease compared to White women and are 3 to 4 times more likely to die during childbirth, more than any other ethnic group in the United States. . When African American women become pregnant these conditions may influence their maternal health outcomes. This study aimed to determine difference in pregnancy related death associated with chronic conditions between African American women and White women. Based on secondary/archival data from the Center for Disease Control and Preventions' 2017 National Center for Health Statistics Mortality Multiple Cause Files a …

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Exploring The Experiences Of First Generation College Students, Maceo Daniel Wattley Jan 2020

Exploring The Experiences Of First Generation College Students, Maceo Daniel Wattley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

At a large, urban university in the Midwestern United States, graduation rates of first-generation college students (FGCS) who are the first within a family to be admitted and attend a 4-year post-secondary institution of higher learning have declined over the past decade despite programs instituted to improve student retention. The purpose of the study was to explore FGCS’s and university administrators’ experiences affecting the decisions for FGCS to drop out and to examine student and administrator recommendations for improvements, based on their experiences, to prevent attrition. Guided by Knowles’s theory of andragogy, which describes how adult learners are self-directed and …

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Peer Influence On Conformity And Confidence In A Perceptual Judgment Task, Alen Hajnal, Jennifer Vonk, Virgil Zeigler-Hill Jan 2020

Peer Influence On Conformity And Confidence In A Perceptual Judgment Task, Alen Hajnal, Jennifer Vonk, Virgil Zeigler-Hill

Faculty Publications

© 2020 by authors. Undergraduate college students were presented with two arrays of dots varying in numerosity on a computer screen and asked to indicate if the arrays differed in number. They also rated their level of confidence in their responses. Trials varied in difficulty based on the size of the arrays. On half of the trials, participants were shown the ostensible responses of confederates to test the effect of peer influence on numerosity judgments and participant confidence. On the other half of the trials, participants received no information about the responses of the confederates to provide a measure of …

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The Meaning Of Work And Self-Sufficiency For Rural Work- Eligible Adults, Janneice Mitcheam-Eatmon Jan 2020

The Meaning Of Work And Self-Sufficiency For Rural Work- Eligible Adults, Janneice Mitcheam-Eatmon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Despite the implementation of government programs created to ensure access to job training and education assistance for rural residents, which encourage and support their efforts to change their life trajectory, many rural residents remain unemployed and unable to move beyond poverty. Most research on job training focuses on program effectiveness or epidemiological trends; however, the voices of rural residents' descriptions of their relationship to work and self-sufficiency are missing from the literature. This IPA study explored the meaning of work and self-sufficiency for rural, work-eligible adults using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory (EST) as the theoretical framework. I used a combination …

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Perceptions Of Urban Secondary Science Teachers Regarding Social Learning Professional Development, Mary Kaye Macauley Jan 2020

Perceptions Of Urban Secondary Science Teachers Regarding Social Learning Professional Development, Mary Kaye Macauley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Traditional classroom environments may not motivate students to learn and may lack interactive connections between educators and learners in the classroom. The problem addressed in this research study is the lack of understanding of science teachers' use and perception of innovative social learning strategies implemented in urban classrooms. The purpose of this research study was to establish urban science teachers' perceptions regarding social learning strategies within their classrooms. The conceptual framework of Hall and Hord's levels of use was used. The research questions addressed in this study focused on the perceptions and experiences of secondary science teachers in a large, …

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Factors That Hinder African American Students From Graduating From 4-Year Predominantly White Institutions, Laura M. Doug Jan 2020

Factors That Hinder African American Students From Graduating From 4-Year Predominantly White Institutions, Laura M. Doug

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although graduation rates at 4-year colleges and universities in the United States have increased in the last decade, African American students do not graduate at the same rate of their White counterparts from 4-year Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore issues that hinder African American junior and senior students from graduating from a 4-year PWI. The theoretical framework for this study examined Karkouti's theory that African American students' success is impacted by an environment that promotes positive learning, cross-racial interactions, and one that is positively associated with students' educational outcomes. The research …

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Stress And Wellness Among Municipal Law Enforcement Officers In Southeastern Virginia, Russell Morgan Granderson Jan 2020

Stress And Wellness Among Municipal Law Enforcement Officers In Southeastern Virginia, Russell Morgan Granderson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Municipal law enforcement officers contend with unique occupational stressors. They must overcome stress from their employing agency and the pressures that arise from performing their basic enforcement duties. This study was designed to examine how municipal law enforcement officers in southeastern Virginia perceived their agency's wellness policy and to determine what recommendations they had to improve the effectiveness of the current wellness policy. Lazarus and Folkman's theory of cognitive appraisal and coping served as the theoretical framework for the study. Qualitative inquiry was used to examine the perceptions of 15 purposively sampled law enforcement officer participants. The data were then …

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Pulse 005 Jan 2020

Pulse 005

Pulse Magazine Archive

No abstract provided.

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Uncertainty-Aware Brain Lesion Visualization, Christina Gillmann, Dorothee Saur, Thomas Wischgoll, Karl T. Hoffman, Hans Hagen, Ross Maciejewski, Gerik Scheuermann Jan 2020

Uncertainty-Aware Brain Lesion Visualization, Christina Gillmann, Dorothee Saur, Thomas Wischgoll, Karl T. Hoffman, Hans Hagen, Ross Maciejewski, Gerik Scheuermann

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

A brain lesion is an area of tissue that has been damaged through injury or disease. Its analysis is an essential task for medical researchers to understand diseases and find proper treatments. In this context, visualization approaches became an important tool to locate, quantify, and analyze brain lesions. Unfortunately, image uncertainty highly effects the accuracy of the visualization output. These effects are not covered well in existing approaches, leading to miss-interpretation or a lack of trust in the analysis result. In this work, we present an uncertainty-aware visualization pipeline especially designed forbrain lesions. Our method is based on an uncertainty …

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Sexual Dimorphism In Cancer Immunity, Hyunwoo Kwon Jan 2020

Sexual Dimorphism In Cancer Immunity, Hyunwoo Kwon

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Sex is a biological variable with significant influence on immune function (3). However, immunological mechanisms underlying sex-based incidence, clinical presentation and therapeutic response across various cancers arising in nonreproductive organs remain elusive (4). In the first aim of this dissertation, we provide evidence for sex differences in anti-tumor immunity in human cancer patients via the retrospective analysis of their peripheral blood specimens. For instance, we observed that platelet and neutrophil counts correlate with overall survival in male patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In contrast, only lymphocyte counts showed prognostic significance in female counterparts. Furthermore, computational analyses …

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Modern Racism But Old-Fashioned Iied: How Incongruous Injury Standards Deny "Thick Skin" Plaintiffs Redress For Racism And Ethnoviolence, Hafsa S. Mansoor Jan 2020

Modern Racism But Old-Fashioned Iied: How Incongruous Injury Standards Deny "Thick Skin" Plaintiffs Redress For Racism And Ethnoviolence, Hafsa S. Mansoor

Seton Hall Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Confirmation And Identification Of Biomarkers Implicating Environmental Triggers In The Pathogenesis Of Type 1 Diabetes, Robert Z. Harms, Katie R. Ostlund, Monina S. Cabrera, Earline Edwards, Marisa Fisher, Nora Sarvetnick Jan 2020

Confirmation And Identification Of Biomarkers Implicating Environmental Triggers In The Pathogenesis Of Type 1 Diabetes, Robert Z. Harms, Katie R. Ostlund, Monina S. Cabrera, Earline Edwards, Marisa Fisher, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Surgery

Multiple environmental triggers have been proposed to explain the increased incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D). These include viral infections, microbiome disturbances, metabolic disorders, and vitamin D deficiency. Here, we used ELISA to examine blood plasma from juvenile T1D subjects and age-matched controls for the abundance of several circulating factors relevant to these hypotheses. We screened plasma for sCD14, mannose binding lectin (MBL), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), c-reactive protein (CRP), fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2), human growth hormone, leptin, total adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, total IgG, total IgA, total IgM, endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAbs), 25(OH) vitamin D, …

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Challenges In Clinical Applications, Austin Gowen, Farah Shahjin, Subhash Chand, Katherine E. Odegaard, Sowmya V. Yelamanchili Jan 2020

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Challenges In Clinical Applications, Austin Gowen, Farah Shahjin, Subhash Chand, Katherine E. Odegaard, Sowmya V. Yelamanchili

Journal Articles: Anesthesiology

Stem cell therapy has garnered much attention and application in the past decades for the treatment of diseases and injuries. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are studied most extensively for their therapeutic roles, which appear to be derived from their paracrine activity. Recent studies suggest a critical therapeutic role for extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by MSCs. EV are nano-sized membrane-bound vesicles that shuttle important biomolecules between cells to maintain physiological homeostasis. Studies show that EV from MSCs (MSC-EV) have regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties. The use of MSC-EV, as an alternative to MSCs, confers several advantages, such as higher safety profile, lower …

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It’S A Family Affair: Exploring The Needs Of Families In Supporting Trio Upward Bound Students, Tashena Denise Briggs Jan 2020

It’S A Family Affair: Exploring The Needs Of Families In Supporting Trio Upward Bound Students, Tashena Denise Briggs

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

First-generation and/or low-income families have a difficult time navigating the college-going process. These families have daily obstacles that make preparing and entering post-secondary education challenging, including family trauma, financial hardships, decision-making skills, and lack of knowledge regarding college-going strategies. The purpose of this study is to uncover what specific support tools low-income and/or first-generation families participating in the Danielsville College TRIO Upward Bound program need as they support their students through the college-going process at Hinley Park High School. This qualitative study utilized a research methodology case study approach to understand the lived experiences of fifteen participants (one student, three …

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Interprofessional Education Annual Report: 2019-2020, University Of Nebraska Medical Center Jan 2020

Interprofessional Education Annual Report: 2019-2020, University Of Nebraska Medical Center

Annual Reports: Interprofessional Education

No abstract provided.

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Long Non-Coding Rna Profiling Of Pediatric Medulloblastoma, Varun Kesherwani, Mamta Shukla, Don W. Coulter, J. Graham Sharp, Shantaram Joshi, Nagendra K. Chaturvedi Jan 2020

Long Non-Coding Rna Profiling Of Pediatric Medulloblastoma, Varun Kesherwani, Mamta Shukla, Don W. Coulter, J. Graham Sharp, Shantaram Joshi, Nagendra K. Chaturvedi

Journal Articles: Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy

BACKGROUND: Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common malignant cancers in children. MB is primarily classified into four subgroups based on molecular and clinical characteristics as (1) WNT (2) Sonic-hedgehog (SHH) (3) Group 3 (4) Group 4. Molecular characteristics used for MB classification are based on genomic and mRNAs profiles. MB subgroups share genomic and mRNA profiles and require multiple molecular markers for differentiation from each other. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are more than 200 nucleotide long RNAs and primarily involve in gene regulation at epigenetic and post-transcriptional levels. LncRNAs have been recognized as diagnostic and prognostic markers in …

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