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2020

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Articles 10111 - 10140 of 32302

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Functional Study Of Cordyceps Sinensis And Cordycepin In Male Reproduction: A Review, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, B.-S. Pan, M.-M. Chang, B.-M. Huang Jul 2020

Functional Study Of Cordyceps Sinensis And Cordycepin In Male Reproduction: A Review, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-H. Chen, B.-S. Pan, M.-M. Chang, B.-M. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cordyceps sinensis has various biological and pharmacological functions, and it has been claimed as a tonic supplement for sexual and reproductive dysfunctions for a long time in oriental society. In this article, the in vitro and in vivo effects of C. sinensis and cordycepin on mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis are briefly described, the stimulatory mechanisms are summarized, and the recent findings related to the alternative substances regulating male reproductive functions are also discussed. © 2016

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Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity, J.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lai, M.-L. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-J. Wang, M.-H. Pan Jul 2020

Chemopreventive Effect Of Natural Dietary Compounds On Xenobiotic-Induced Toxicity, J.-C. Wu, C.-S. Lai, M.-L. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-J. Wang, M.-H. Pan

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Contaminants (or pollutants) that affect human health have become an important issue, spawning a myriad of studies on how to prevent harmful contaminant-induced effects. Recently, a variety of biological functions of natural dietary compounds derived from consumed foods and plants have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Natural dietary compounds exhibited several beneficial effects for the prevention of disease and the inhibition of chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Contaminant-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis are mostly attributed to the mutagenic activity of reactive metabolites and the disruption of normal biological functions. Therefore, the metabolic regulation of hazardous chemicals is key to reducing contaminant-induced adverse …

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An Apple A Day To Prevent Cancer Formation: Reducing Cancer Risk With Flavonoids, S.-H. Tu, L.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Ho Jul 2020

An Apple A Day To Prevent Cancer Formation: Reducing Cancer Risk With Flavonoids, S.-H. Tu, L.-C. Chen, Y.-S. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The purpose of this review is to update and discuss key findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on apple and its biocompounds, with a special focus on its anticancer role. Several studies have proposed that apple and its extracts exhibit a variety of biological functions that may contribute to health benefits including beneficial effects against chronic heart and vascular disorders, respiratory and pulmonary dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism(s) of various components in apple, as established in previous studies that indicated their growth-inhibitory effects in various cancer cell types. Moreover, an …

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A Feasible And Practical 1h Nmr Analytical Method For The Quality Control And Quantification Of Bioactive Principles In Lycii Fructus, L.-Y. Hsieh, H.-H. Chan, P.-C. Kuo, H.-Y. Hung, Y.-C. Li, C.-L. Kuo, Y. Peng, Z.-Z. Zhao, D.-H. Kuo, I.-W. Sun, T.-S. Wu Jul 2020

A Feasible And Practical 1h Nmr Analytical Method For The Quality Control And Quantification Of Bioactive Principles In Lycii Fructus, L.-Y. Hsieh, H.-H. Chan, P.-C. Kuo, H.-Y. Hung, Y.-C. Li, C.-L. Kuo, Y. Peng, Z.-Z. Zhao, D.-H. Kuo, I.-W. Sun, T.-S. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lycii Fructus, a solanaceous drug, is widely used as functional foods and in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Samples collected from different regions of China have been found to be not identical in chemical compositions which might affect the biological activities. Although many chromatographic and spectrometric methods have been reported to determine the concentration of betaine and other bioactive amino acids, disturbance resulted from other polar substances with low UV-absorbance and expensive mass facilities reduced the applicability of these techniques. In the present study, the strong cation exchange solid phase extraction procedure incorporated with 1H NMR was successfully developed as a rapid …

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Bioactive Polyphenols In Kinkéliba Tea (Combretum Micranthum) And Their Glucose-Lowering Activities, C. Welch, J. Zhen, E. Bassène, I. Raskin, J.E. Simon, Q. Wu Jul 2020

Bioactive Polyphenols In Kinkéliba Tea (Combretum Micranthum) And Their Glucose-Lowering Activities, C. Welch, J. Zhen, E. Bassène, I. Raskin, J.E. Simon, Q. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Herbal tea kinkéliba prepared from the leaves of Combretum micranthum has been widely consumed in West African countries for its flavor, nutritional and medicinal properties. Under bio-guided screening, the kinkéliba leaves were chemically investigated using various chromatographic and spectrometric methods that led to the identification of thirteen different flavonoid compounds. Further biological tests illustrated that the identified compounds may have synergistic effects to decrease the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA and glucose production in an H4IIE hepatoma cell line, indicating its potential use for insulin-resistant diabetes treatment. Further in vivo study on C57BL/6J mice indicates that kinkéliba can lower …

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A Simple And Robust Quantitative Analysis Of Retinol And Retinyl Palmitate Using A Liquid Chromatographic Isocratic Method, S. Yokota, S. Oshio Jul 2020

A Simple And Robust Quantitative Analysis Of Retinol And Retinyl Palmitate Using A Liquid Chromatographic Isocratic Method, S. Yokota, S. Oshio

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Vitamin A is a vital nutritional substances that regulates biological activities including development, but is also associated with disease onset. The extent of vitamin A intake influences the retinoid content in the liver, the most important organ for the storage of vitamin A. Measurement of endogenous retinoid in biological samples is important to understand retinoid homeostasis. Here we present a reliable, highly sensitive, and robust method for the quantification of retinol and retinyl palmitate using a reverse-phase HPLC/UV isocratic method. We determined the impact of chronic dietary vitamin A on retinoid levels in livers of mice fed an AIN-93G semi-purified …

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Systematic Study On Active Compounds As Antibacterial And Antibiofilm Agent In Aging Onions, K. Sharma, N. Mahato, Y.R. Lee Jul 2020

Systematic Study On Active Compounds As Antibacterial And Antibiofilm Agent In Aging Onions, K. Sharma, N. Mahato, Y.R. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Quantitative investigation and systematic studies of quercetin, total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants, antibacterial and antibiofilm or antibiofouling properties of methanolic extracts of onions obtained from six different varieties have been carried out to explore their relative merits in terms of biological activities of fresh and aging onions. Total phenolic content in the extracts was examined spectrophotometrically using Folin–Ciocalteau's phenol reagent and total antioxidant activity was studied by FRAP and DPPH methods. In vitro antibacterial activity of the extracts was investigated on Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) respectively, by using a modified Kirby–Bauer disc …

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Exploration Of Wedelia Chinensis Leaf-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles For Antioxidant, Antibacterial And In Vitro Cytotoxic Applications, Das M. Paul, Livingstone J. Rebecca, P. Veluswamy, J. Das Jul 2020

Exploration Of Wedelia Chinensis Leaf-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles For Antioxidant, Antibacterial And In Vitro Cytotoxic Applications, Das M. Paul, Livingstone J. Rebecca, P. Veluswamy, J. Das

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Green synthetic route of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has already been proved to be an advantageous over other physico-chemical approaches due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness, ecofriendly and nontoxicity. In this finding, aqueous Wedelia chinensis leaf extract (WLE) mediated synthesis of AgNPs was approached. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 408 nm preliminary indicated the formation of AgNPs, while TEM and XRD characterization confirmed the formation of spherically shaped and crystalline AgNPs with an average size of 31.68 nm, respectively. The plausible biomolecules in the aqueous leaf extract responsible for the reduction and stabilization of AgNPs were identified by FTIR analysis …

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Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution And Excretion Of Tangeretin In Rat, W.-L. Hung, W.-S. Chang, W.-C. Lu, G.-J. Wei, Y. Wang, C.-T. Ho, L.S. Hwang Jul 2020

Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution And Excretion Of Tangeretin In Rat, W.-L. Hung, W.-S. Chang, W.-C. Lu, G.-J. Wei, Y. Wang, C.-T. Ho, L.S. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tangeretin, 4′,5,6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone, is one of the major polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) existing in citrus fruits, particularly in the peels of sweet oranges and mandarins. Tangeretin has been reported to possess several beneficial bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and neuroprotective effects. To achieve a thorough understanding of the biological actions of tangeretin in vivo, our current study is designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, distribution and excretion of tangeretin in rats. After oral administration of 50 mg/kg bw tangeretin to rats, the C max , T max and t 1/2 were 0.87 ± 0.33 μg/mL, 340.00 ± 48.99 min and 342.43 ± 71.27 min, …

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Antibacterial Activity Of Propolins From Taiwanese Green Propolis, Y.-W. Chen, S.-R. Ye, C. Ting, Y.-H. Yu Jul 2020

Antibacterial Activity Of Propolins From Taiwanese Green Propolis, Y.-W. Chen, S.-R. Ye, C. Ting, Y.-H. Yu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Taiwanese green propolis is a prenylated flavonoid rich honeybee product and propolins isolated from Taiwanese green propolis exert a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-cancer and anti-oxidant. However, the anti-bacterial effects of Taiwanese green propolis or propolins are still poorly understood. In the current study, the antibacterial effects of Taiwanese green propolis and propolins were evaluated. Results show that the maximum dry matter yields of Taiwanese green propolis were observed in the 95% and 99.5% ethanol extracts compared to other extraction methods. Consistently, the highest concentration of propolins C, D, F and G from Taiwanese green propolis was …

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Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing Of Acetaminophen And Codeine In Biological Fluids Using Cuo/Cufe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles As A Novel Electrocatalyst, F. Hasanpour, M. Taei, S. Tahmasebi Jul 2020

Ultra-Sensitive Electrochemical Sensing Of Acetaminophen And Codeine In Biological Fluids Using Cuo/Cufe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles As A Novel Electrocatalyst, F. Hasanpour, M. Taei, S. Tahmasebi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Copper ferrite−copper oxide (CuO-CuFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles as a semiconductor composite with p–n junction were synthesized by co-precipitation reaction. Then, a novel CuO-CuFe 2 O 4 carbon paste modified electrode was fabricated which displays an effectual electrocatalytic response to the oxidation of acetaminophen (AC) and codeine (CO). A linear range of 0.01–1.5 μmol L −1 and 0.06–10.0 μmol L −1 with the detection limits of 0.007 μmol L −1 and 0.01 μmol L −1 were achieved for AC and CO, respectively. The practical usage of the proposed sensor revealed reasonable results for quantification of AC and CO in …

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Effects Of Vinegar–Egg On Growth Inhibition, Differentiation Human Leukemic U937 Cells And Its Immunomodulatory Activity, S.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Chang, C.-W. Chen Jul 2020

Effects Of Vinegar–Egg On Growth Inhibition, Differentiation Human Leukemic U937 Cells And Its Immunomodulatory Activity, S.-Y. Wang, C.-Y. Chang, C.-W. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Vinegar and eggs have rich nutrients. In this study, the mixed form of both derived products, vinegar–egg solution and its products (vinegar–egg concentrate and vinegar–egg condensate) were chosen for an assessment of their biological activity. To further our understanding regarding the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of vinegar–egg, we investigated its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of U937 cells. Vinegar–egg was treated using spray drying, freeze drying and vacuum concentration and used to stimulate human mononuclear cells. The conditioned media obtained from these cultures by filtration were used to treat U937 cells. Three conditioned media inhibited U937 cell growth by …

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Risk Undermined In The Bilateral Pharmaceutical Regulatory System In Taiwan, H.-P. Wang, C.-L. Wang Jul 2020

Risk Undermined In The Bilateral Pharmaceutical Regulatory System In Taiwan, H.-P. Wang, C.-L. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The concept of Pharmacovigilance Planning and Risk Minimization Planning (PVP/RMP), initiated by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), addressed an important conceptual change from monitoring the safety of individual medicine to proactively conducting risk prevention for the minimization of medication error. However, the implementation of PVP/RMP is a challenge in societies like Taiwan where irrational medication and co-medication is prevalent. It is even more difficult in Taiwan where two regulatory bodies are governing pharmaceutical affairs, namely Taiwan Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) in charge of Western Medicine (WM) and the Department of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy (DCMP) in charge of …

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Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Germinated Rice: Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Metabolomics Study, P. Pramai, Hamid N.A. Abdul, A. Mediani, M. Maulidiani, F. Abas, S. Jiamyangyuen Jul 2020

Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, And Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities Of Germinated Rice: Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Metabolomics Study, P. Pramai, Hamid N.A. Abdul, A. Mediani, M. Maulidiani, F. Abas, S. Jiamyangyuen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In an attempt to profile the metabolites of three different varieties of germinated rice, specifically black (GBR), red, and white rice, a 1 H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance-based metabolomics approach was conducted. Multivariate data analysis was applied to discriminate between the three different varieties using a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. The PLS model was used to evaluate the relationship between chemicals and biological activities of germinated rice. The PLS-DA score plot exhibited a noticeable separation between the three rice varieties into three clusters by PC1 and PC2. The PLS model indicated that α-linolenic acid, γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol, γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, fumaric …

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Effects Of Lemongrass Oil And Citral On Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, And Acetaminophen Toxicity In Rats, C.-C. Li, H.-F. Yu, C.-H. Chang, Y.-T. Liu, H.-T. Yao Jul 2020

Effects Of Lemongrass Oil And Citral On Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, Oxidative Stress, And Acetaminophen Toxicity In Rats, C.-C. Li, H.-F. Yu, C.-H. Chang, Y.-T. Liu, H.-T. Yao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The essential oil from a lemongrass variety of Cymbopogon flexuosus [lemongrass oil (LO)] is used in various food and aroma industry products and exhibits biological activities, such as anticancer and antimicrobial activities. To investigate the effects of 200 LO (200 mg/kg) and 400 LO (400 mg/kg) and its major component, citral (240 mg/kg), on drug-metabolizing enzymes, oxidative stress, and acetaminophen toxicity in the liver, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a pelleted diet and administered LO or citral by gavage for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of feeding, the effects of LO and citral on the metabolism and toxicity of acetaminophen …

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The Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End-Products By Five Fractions And Three Main Flavonoids From Camellia Nitidissima Chi Flowers, R. Yang, W.-X. Wang, H.-J. Chen, Z.-C. He, A.-Q. Jia Jul 2020

The Inhibition Of Advanced Glycation End-Products By Five Fractions And Three Main Flavonoids From Camellia Nitidissima Chi Flowers, R. Yang, W.-X. Wang, H.-J. Chen, Z.-C. He, A.-Q. Jia

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Camellia nitidissima Chi (CNC), belonging to Camellia genus (Theaceae family), is a medicinal and edible plant in China. Among the whole plant, the CNC flowers are especially precious, but the biological activities and the compositions of the CNC flowers are unknown. In this study, inhibiting effects on the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of five CNC flowers fractions and three isolated compounds were investigated, these three compounds are two flavonoid glycosides and one flavanol, namely kaempferol 3-O-[2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-2,4-di-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-[2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside and catechin. Among these five fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total phenolic contents and inhibiting effects on …

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Methods For Efficient Analysis Of Tocopherols, Tocotrienols And Their Metabolites In Animal Samples With Hplc-Ec, M.-J. Lee, W. Feng, L. Yang, Y.-K. Chen, E. Chi, A. Liu, C.S. Yang Jul 2020

Methods For Efficient Analysis Of Tocopherols, Tocotrienols And Their Metabolites In Animal Samples With Hplc-Ec, M.-J. Lee, W. Feng, L. Yang, Y.-K. Chen, E. Chi, A. Liu, C.S. Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as vitamin E, have received a great deal of attention because of their interesting biological activities. In the present study, we reexamined and improved previous methods of sample preparation and the conditions of high-performance liquid chromatography for more accurate quantification of tocopherols, tocotrienols and their major chain-degradation metabolites. For the analysis of serum tocopherols/tocotrienols, we reconfirmed our method of mixing serum with ethanol followed by hexane extraction. For the analysis of tissue samples, we improved our methods by extracting tocopherols/tocotrienols directly from tissue homogenate with hexane. For the analysis of total amounts (conjugated and unconjugated …

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Stem Cell Therapy On Skin: Mechanisms, Recent Advances And Drug Reviewing Issues, G.-Y. Chu, Y.-F. Chen, H.-Y. Chen, M.-H. Chan, C.-S. Gau, S.-M. Weng Jul 2020

Stem Cell Therapy On Skin: Mechanisms, Recent Advances And Drug Reviewing Issues, G.-Y. Chu, Y.-F. Chen, H.-Y. Chen, M.-H. Chan, C.-S. Gau, S.-M. Weng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Stem cell products and its clinical applications have been widely discussed in recent years, particularly when the Japanese “induced pluripotent stem cells” founder Dr. Yamanaka was awarded as Nobel Prize laureate in 2013. For decades, major progresses have been achieved in the stem cell biology field, and more and more evidence showed that skin stem cells are involved in the process of skin repair. Stem/progenitor cells of the epidermis are recognized to play the most essential role in the tissue regeneration of skin. In this review, we first illustrated basic stem cell characteristics and various stem cell subtypes resided in …

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Encapsulation Of Babchi Essential Oil Into Microsponges: Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxic Evaluation And Anti-Microbial Activity, G. Wadhwa, S. Kumar, V. Mittal, R. Rao Jul 2020

Encapsulation Of Babchi Essential Oil Into Microsponges: Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxic Evaluation And Anti-Microbial Activity, G. Wadhwa, S. Kumar, V. Mittal, R. Rao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Babchi essential oil (BEO) is a valuable essential oil reported to possess a variety of biological activities such as antitumor, anti inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Due to its anti-microbial properties, this oil possesses an immense potential for the treatment of dermatological disorders. Further, it has minimal tendency to develop resistance, a common issue with most of the antibiotics. However, its highly viscous nature and poor stability in the presence of light, air and high temperature, limits its practical applications. To surmount these issues, this research aims to encapsulate BEO in ethyl cellulose (EC) microsponges for enhanced stability, …

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In Vivo Pro-Angiogenic Effects Of Dracorhodin Perchlorate In Zebrafish Embryos: A Novel Bioactivity Evaluation Platform For Commercial Dragon Blood Samples, P. Krishnaraj, Y. Chang, T.-J. Ho, N.-C. Lu, M.-D. Lin, H.-P. Chen Jul 2020

In Vivo Pro-Angiogenic Effects Of Dracorhodin Perchlorate In Zebrafish Embryos: A Novel Bioactivity Evaluation Platform For Commercial Dragon Blood Samples, P. Krishnaraj, Y. Chang, T.-J. Ho, N.-C. Lu, M.-D. Lin, H.-P. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Dragon blood has been used in wound treatment for many years and can be obtained from several distinct plant species. Dracorhodin, the active substituent of dragon blood, is a characteristic compound of the palm tree, Daemonorops draco. At present, the only method to evaluate the quality of commercial dragon blood samples is a HPLC method which determines the amount of dracorhodin in a dragon blood sample. In this study, we used zebrafish embryos as a platform to demonstrate the in vivo pro-angiogenic activity of dracorhodin perchlorate, the chemically synthesized analog of dracorhodin. By using this platform, three different commercial dragon …

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A Novel Micro-Extraction Strategy For Extraction Of Bisphosphonates From Biological Fluids Using Zirconia Nanoparticles Coupled With Spectrofluorimetry And High Performance Liquid Chromatography, N. Rahbar, L. Nazernezhad, M. Asadinezhad, Z. Ramezani, M. Kouchak Jul 2020

A Novel Micro-Extraction Strategy For Extraction Of Bisphosphonates From Biological Fluids Using Zirconia Nanoparticles Coupled With Spectrofluorimetry And High Performance Liquid Chromatography, N. Rahbar, L. Nazernezhad, M. Asadinezhad, Z. Ramezani, M. Kouchak

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Extraction of bisphosphonates from biological fluids is important and time consuming step in sample preparation procedure. This paper describes a simple and green sample preparation technique for dispersive micro solid phase extraction (DMSPE) of alendronate sodium (ALS) from urine and serum samples prior to direct spectrofluorimetry (DSFL) and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD), respectively. The DMSPE strategy is based on the selective chemisorption of ALS on zirconia nanoparticles (ZNPs) as an adsorbent followed by derivatization of the eluted analyte using o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) at basic medium to form fluorescent species. The chemical …

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Effect Of Phyllanthus Emblica L. Fruit On Methionine And Choline-Deficiency Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Y.-T. Tung, C.-Z. Huang, J.-H. Lin, G.-C. Yen Jul 2020

Effect Of Phyllanthus Emblica L. Fruit On Methionine And Choline-Deficiency Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Y.-T. Tung, C.-Z. Huang, J.-H. Lin, G.-C. Yen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit contains abundant bioactive components and exhibits a variety of biological activities. In this study, the hepatoprotective effect of water extract of P. emblica (WEPE) on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were fed methionine and choline-deficiency diet (MCD diet) for 4 or 8 weeks to induce NASH. Results showed that administration of WEPE could significantly reduce serum AST and ALT as compared to MCD diet-alone group. Administration of WEPE could significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and CYP2E1 mRNA expression, and elevate the antioxidant activities in mice livers. In addition, administration of WEPE after 8 weeks could …

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Nanoparticle-Based Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis Of Drugs And Metabolites, H.-W. Chu, B. Unnikrishnan, A. Anand, J.-Y. Mao, C.-C. Huang Jul 2020

Nanoparticle-Based Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis Of Drugs And Metabolites, H.-W. Chu, B. Unnikrishnan, A. Anand, J.-Y. Mao, C.-C. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) is a powerful tool for the analysis of a wide range of molecules. Many of the drawbacks in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) can be avoided with the application of nanomaterials as matrices as well as substrates for the LDI-MS to achieve a low background noise in low m/z region and high reproducibility. Surface-assisted LDI (SALDI)-MS, especially the nanoparticle-based LDI-MS, has emerged as a promising technique for the analysis of trace amounts of substances in various biological samples due to their high surface area for analyte enrichment, efficient desorption/ionization, and homogeneous crystallization …

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Analytical Methods For Cholesterol Quantification, L.-H. Li, E.P. Dutkiewicz, Y.-C. Huang, H.-B. Zhou, C.-C. Hsu Jul 2020

Analytical Methods For Cholesterol Quantification, L.-H. Li, E.P. Dutkiewicz, Y.-C. Huang, H.-B. Zhou, C.-C. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Cholesterol is an important lipid molecule in cell membranes and lipoproteins. Cholesterol is also a precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D. Abnormal levels of cholesterol or its precursors have been observed in various human diseases, such as heart diseases, stroke, type II diabetes, brain diseases and many others. Therefore, accurate quantification of cholesterol is important for individuals who are at increased risk for these diseases. Multiple analytical methods have been developed for analysis of cholesterol, including classical chemical methods, enzymatic assays, gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometry (MS). Strategy known as ambient ionization mass …

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Targeting Amine- And Phenol-Containing Metabolites In Urine By Dansylation Isotope Labeling And Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry For Evaluation Of Bladder Cancer Biomarkers, Y.-T. Chen, H.-C. Huang, Y.-J. Hsieh, S.-H. Fu, L. Li, C.-L. Chen, L.J. Chu, J.-S. Yu Jul 2020

Targeting Amine- And Phenol-Containing Metabolites In Urine By Dansylation Isotope Labeling And Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry For Evaluation Of Bladder Cancer Biomarkers, Y.-T. Chen, H.-C. Huang, Y.-J. Hsieh, S.-H. Fu, L. Li, C.-L. Chen, L.J. Chu, J.-S. Yu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Metabolomics is considered an effective approach for understanding metabolic responses in complex biological systems. Accordingly, it has attracted increasing attention for biomarker discovery, especially in cancer. In this study, we used a non-invasive method to evaluate four urine metabolite biomarker candidates—o-phosphoethanolamine, 3-amio-2-piperidone, uridine and 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid—for their potential as bladder cancer diagnostic biomarkers. To analyze these targeted amine- and phenol-containing metabolites, we used differential 12 C 2 -/ 13 C 2 -dansylation labeling coupled with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, which has previously been demonstrated to exhibit high sensitivity and reproducibility. Specifically, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with high-resolution …

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Current Status Of Maldi-Tof Mass Spectrometry In Clinical Microbiology, T.-Y. Hou, C. Chiang-Ni, S.-H. Teng Jul 2020

Current Status Of Maldi-Tof Mass Spectrometry In Clinical Microbiology, T.-Y. Hou, C. Chiang-Ni, S.-H. Teng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a type of analysis used to determine what molecules make up a sample, based on the mass spectrum that are created by the ions. Mass spectrometers are able to perform traditional target analyte identification and quantitation; however, they may also be used within a clinical setting for the rapid identification of bacteria. The causative agent in sepsis is changed over time, and clinical decisions affecting the management of infections are often based on the outcomes of bacterial identification. Therefore, it is essential that such identifications are performed quickly and interpreted correctly. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight …

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An Ultra-Rapid Drug Screening Method For Acetaminophen In Blood Serum Based On Probe Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, K. Usui, H. Kobayashi, Y. Fujita, E. Kubota, T. Hanazawa, T. Yoshizawa, Y. Kamijo, M. Funayama Jul 2020

An Ultra-Rapid Drug Screening Method For Acetaminophen In Blood Serum Based On Probe Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, K. Usui, H. Kobayashi, Y. Fujita, E. Kubota, T. Hanazawa, T. Yoshizawa, Y. Kamijo, M. Funayama

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Poisoning incidents caused by drugs, accidental ingestion of poisons, attempted suicide, homicide, and exposure to toxic compounds occur frequently every year across the globe. This raises the need to rapidly identify toxic agents in poisoned patients in a clinical emergency setting. In addition, determining drug/poison concentration is undoubtedly necessary to arrive at a toxicological treatment plan. The purpose of this study was to develop an ultra-rapid drug screening method for the clinical treatment of poisoning. Probe electrospray ionization (PESI), one of the ambient ionization techniques, is able to detect compounds from various biological materials almost directly. We applied the PESI …

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The Biosimilar Pathway In The Usa: An Analysis Of The Innovator Company And Biosimilar Company Perspectives And Beyond, L.-C. Chang Jul 2020

The Biosimilar Pathway In The Usa: An Analysis Of The Innovator Company And Biosimilar Company Perspectives And Beyond, L.-C. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In order to improve access to costly biological treatments, a biosimilar pathway in the United States of America (USA) was enacted under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCI Act) of 2009. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the health policy, the establishment of the biosimilar pathway, influenced related companies by studying their respective perspectives and strategies revealed in literatures and publicly available resources. Perspectives of companies reveal the points of concern for the biosimilar pathway, such as data requirements, patents, interchangeability, naming, and exclusivity. Innovator companies may utilize expedited programs for serious conditions, enhance …

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Systematically Characterize The Substance Basis Of Jinzhen Oral Liquid And Their Pharmacological Mechanism Using Uplc-Q-Tof/Ms Combined With Network Pharmacology Analysis, J.-Y. Guo, D.-M. Wang, M.-J. Wang, J. Zhou, Y.-N. Pan, Z.-Z. Wang, W. Xiao, X.-Q. Liu Jul 2020

Systematically Characterize The Substance Basis Of Jinzhen Oral Liquid And Their Pharmacological Mechanism Using Uplc-Q-Tof/Ms Combined With Network Pharmacology Analysis, J.-Y. Guo, D.-M. Wang, M.-J. Wang, J. Zhou, Y.-N. Pan, Z.-Z. Wang, W. Xiao, X.-Q. Liu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Jinzhen oral liquid (JZ) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the treatment of children lung disease. However, the effective substance of JZ is still unclear. In this study, we used lung injury rat model to study the protective effect of JZ, through UPLC-Q-TOF/MS detection coupled with metabolic research and network pharmacology analysis. Fortunately, 31 absorbed prototype constituents and 41 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis, and the possible metabolic pathways were hydroxylation, sulfation and glucuronidation. We optimized the data screening in the early stage of network pharmacology by collecting targets based on adsorbed …

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Physical Robustness And Resilience Among Long-Lived Female Siblings: A Comparison With Sporadic Long-Livers, Angéline Galvin, Svetlana Ukraintseva, Konstantin Arbeev, Mary Feitosa, Kaare Christensen Jul 2020

Physical Robustness And Resilience Among Long-Lived Female Siblings: A Comparison With Sporadic Long-Livers, Angéline Galvin, Svetlana Ukraintseva, Konstantin Arbeev, Mary Feitosa, Kaare Christensen

Open Access Publications

Long-lived individuals are central in studies of healthy longevity. However, few pro-longevity factors have been identified, presumably because of "phenocopies", i.e. individuals that live long by chance. Familial longevity cases may include less phenocopies than sporadic cases and provide better insights into longevity mechanisms. Here we examined whether long-lived female siblings have a better ability to avoid diseases at ages 65+ (proxy for "robustness") and/or survive to extreme ages (proxy for "resilience") compared to sporadic long-livers. A total of 1,156 long-lived female siblings were selected from three nationwide Danish studies and age-matched with sporadic long-lived female controls. Outcomes included cumulative …

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