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2020

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Articles 10081 - 10110 of 32302

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Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Activities Of Nano-Iron Metal And Nano-Iron Oxides, H. Wu, J.-J. Yin, W.G. Wamer, M. Zeng, Y.M. Lo Jul 2020

Reactive Oxygen Species-Related Activities Of Nano-Iron Metal And Nano-Iron Oxides, H. Wu, J.-J. Yin, W.G. Wamer, M. Zeng, Y.M. Lo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nano-iron metal and nano-iron oxides are among the most widely used engineered and naturally occurring nanostructures, and the increasing incidence of biological exposure to these nanostructures has raised concerns about their biotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress is one of the most accepted toxic mechanisms and, in the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the ROS-related activities of iron nanostructures. In this review, we summarize activities of nano-iron metal and nano-iron oxides in ROS-related redox processes, addressing in detail the known homogeneous and heterogeneous redox mechanisms involved in these processes, intrinsic ROS-related properties of iron nanostructures …

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Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy For The Study Of Nanomaterial-Mediated Generation Of Reactive Oxygen Species, W. He, Y. Liu, W.G. Wamer, J.-J. Yin Jul 2020

Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy For The Study Of Nanomaterial-Mediated Generation Of Reactive Oxygen Species, W. He, Y. Liu, W.G. Wamer, J.-J. Yin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Many of the biological applications and effects of nanomaterials are attributed to their ability to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a direct and reliable method to identify and quantify free radicals in both chemical and biological environments. In this review, we discuss the use of ESR spectroscopy to study ROS generation mediated by nanomaterials, which have various applications in biological, chemical, and materials science. In addition to introducing the theory of ESR, we present some modifications of the method such as spin trapping and spin labeling, which ultimately aid in the …

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Neurotoxicity Of Nanoscale Materials, A. Karmakar, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang Jul 2020

Neurotoxicity Of Nanoscale Materials, A. Karmakar, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nanotechnology has been applied in consumer products and commercial applications, showing a significant impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. Significant evidence indicates that manufactured nanomaterials and combustion-derived nanomaterials elicit toxicity in humans exposed to these nanomaterials. The interaction of the engineered nanomaterials with the nervous system has received much attention in the nanotoxicology field. In this review, the biological effects of metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanomaterials on the nervous system are discussed from both in vitro and in vivo studies. The translocation of the nanoparticles through the blood-brain barrier or nose to brain via the …

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Molecular Toxicity Mechanism Of Nanosilver, D. Mcshan, P.C. Ray, H. Yu Jul 2020

Molecular Toxicity Mechanism Of Nanosilver, D. Mcshan, P.C. Ray, H. Yu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Silver is an ancient antibiotic that has found many new uses due to its unique properties on the nanoscale. Due to its presence in many consumer products, the toxicity of nanosilver has become a hot topic. This review summarizes recent advances, particularly the molecular mechanism of nanosilver toxicity. The surface of nanosilver can easily be oxidized by O2 and other molecules in the environmental and biological systems leading to the release of Ag+, a known toxic ion. Therefore, nanosilver toxicity is closely related to the release of Ag+. In fact, it is difficult to determine what portion of the toxicity …

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Recent Trends In Specialty Pharma Business Model, M.S. Ku Jul 2020

Recent Trends In Specialty Pharma Business Model, M.S. Ku

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The recent rise of specialty pharma is attributed to its flexible, versatile, and open business model while the traditional big pharma is facing a challenging time with patent cliff, generic threat, and low research and development (R&D) productivity. These multinational pharmaceutical companies, facing a difficult time, have been systematically externalizing R&D and some even establish their own corporate venture capital so as to diversify with more shots on goal, with the hope of achieving a higher success rate in their compound pipeline. Biologics and clinical Phase II proof-of-concept (POC) compounds are the preferred licensing and collaboration targets. Biologics enjoys a …

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Rhodiola Plants: Chemistry And Biological Activity, H.-M. Chiang, H.-C. Chen, C.-S. Wu, P.-Y. Wu, K.-C. Wen Jul 2020

Rhodiola Plants: Chemistry And Biological Activity, H.-M. Chiang, H.-C. Chen, C.-S. Wu, P.-Y. Wu, K.-C. Wen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Rhodiola is a genus of medicinal plants that originated in Asia and Europe and are used traditionally as adaptogens, antidepressants, and anti-inflammatory remedies. Rhodiola plants are rich in polyphenols, and salidroside and tyrosol are the primary bioactive marker compounds in the standardized extracts of Rhodiola rosea. This review article summarizes the bioactivities, including adaptogenic, antifatigue, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinoception, and anticancer activities, and the modulation of immune function of Rhodiola plants and its two constituents, as well as their potential to prevent cardiovascular, neuronal, liver, and skin disorders. © 2015, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. …

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The Implementation Of A Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point Management System In A Peanut Butter Ice Cream Plant, Y.-T. Hung, C.-T. Liu, I.-C. Peng, C. Hsu, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng Jul 2020

The Implementation Of A Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point Management System In A Peanut Butter Ice Cream Plant, Y.-T. Hung, C.-T. Liu, I.-C. Peng, C. Hsu, R.-C. Yu, K.-C. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

To ensure the safety of the peanut butter ice cream manufacture, a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan has been designed and applied to the production process. Potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards in each manufacturing procedure were identified. Critical control points for the peanut butter ice cream were then determined as the pasteurization and freezing process. The establishment of a monitoring system, corrective actions, verification procedures, and documentation and record keeping were followed to complete the HACCP program. The results of this study indicate that implementing the HACCP system in food industries can effectively enhance food safety …

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Effects Of Extracts From Gynura Bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) Dc. On Iron Bioavailability In Rats, C.-C. Wu, W.-L. Chang, C.-H. Lu, Y.-P. Chang, J.-J. Wang, S.-L. Hsieh Jul 2020

Effects Of Extracts From Gynura Bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) Dc. On Iron Bioavailability In Rats, C.-C. Wu, W.-L. Chang, C.-H. Lu, Y.-P. Chang, J.-J. Wang, S.-L. Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC. is widely distributed in certain areas of Asia and is very popular in vegetarian cuisine in Taiwan. This study investigates the effects of G. bicolor extracts with different polarities of 80 mg/kg body weight (BW) G. bicolor alcohol extract, 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor water extract, and 80 mg/kg BW G. bicolor ether extract on Fe bioavailability using the hemoglobin repletion efficiency assay. Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: a group receiving an iron-deficient (ID) diet; a group receiving an ID diet supplemented with ferrous sulfate (20 mg Fe/kg BW); and three groups …

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Gold Nanoparticles Grafted Modified Silica Gel As A New Stationary Phase For Separation And Determination Of Steroid Hormones By Thin Layer Chromatography, M. Amoli-Diva, K. Pourghazi Jul 2020

Gold Nanoparticles Grafted Modified Silica Gel As A New Stationary Phase For Separation And Determination Of Steroid Hormones By Thin Layer Chromatography, M. Amoli-Diva, K. Pourghazi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A new thin layer chromatographic layer using gold nanoparticles grafted 3-triethoxysilyl propylamine modified silica gel (Au NPs-APTS modified silica gel) was developed as a stationary phase for separation and determination of two steroid hormones, namely progesterone and testosterone. Acetone-n-hexane 25:75 (v/v) was used as the mobile phase, and the results were compared with those obtained using plain (i.e., unmodified) silica gel plates. Some chromatographic parameters used for separation of the two steroids on an Au NPs-APTS modified silica gel plate as well as on a plain silica gel plate, including ΔRF, separation factor (α), and resolution (RS), were evaluated and …

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Extracts Of Agrimonia Eupatoria L. As Sources Of Biologically Active Compounds And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Antibiofilm Activities, M.Ž. Muruzović, K.G. Mladenović, O.D. Stefanović, S.M. Vasić, L.R. Čomić Jul 2020

Extracts Of Agrimonia Eupatoria L. As Sources Of Biologically Active Compounds And Evaluation Of Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Antibiofilm Activities, M.Ž. Muruzović, K.G. Mladenović, O.D. Stefanović, S.M. Vasić, L.R. Čomić

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, we determined the concentration of total phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanidins in the water, diethyl ether, acetone, and ethanol extracts of Agrimonia eupatoria L. We also investigated the antioxidant activity of these extracts using two methods [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power] and their in vitro antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity on some selected species of bacteria and fungi. In addition, the effects of the acetone and water extracts on the inhibition of biofilm formation of Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated using the crystal violet method. The concentration of total phenols was measured according to the …

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Application Of Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction And Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Techniques In Analytical Toxicology, V. Sharifi, A. Abbasi, A. Nosrati Jul 2020

Application Of Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction And Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Techniques In Analytical Toxicology, V. Sharifi, A. Abbasi, A. Nosrati

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The recent developments in hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction are reviewed. Applications of these newly emerging developments in extraction and preconcentration of a vast category of compounds including heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and abused drugs in complex matrices (environmental and biological matrices) are reviewed and discussed. The new developments in these techniques including the use of solvents lighter than water, ionic liquids and supramolecular solvents are also considered. Applications of these new solvents reduce the use of toxic solvents and eliminate the centrifugation step, which reduces the extraction time. Copyright © 2016, Food and Drug Administration, …

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Delphinidin Immobilized On Silver Nanoparticles For The Simultaneous Determination Of Ascorbic Acid, Noradrenalin, Uric Acid, And Tryptophan, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, M. Dehghani, S. Makarem Jul 2020

Delphinidin Immobilized On Silver Nanoparticles For The Simultaneous Determination Of Ascorbic Acid, Noradrenalin, Uric Acid, And Tryptophan, N. Nasirizadeh, Z. Shekari, M. Dehghani, S. Makarem

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study, the fabrication of a new modified electrode for electrocatalytic oxidation of noradrenalin, based on the delphinidin immobilized on silver nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the redox properties of this modified electrode. The surface charge transfer rate constant (ks) and the charge transfer coefficient (α) for the electron transfer between the glassy carbon electrode and the immobilized delphinidin were calculated. The differential pulse voltammetry exhibited two linear dynamic ranges and a detection limit of 0.40μM for noradrenalin determination. Moreover, the present electrode could separate the oxidation peak potentials of ascorbic acid, …

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High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) Fingerprints And Primary Structure Identification Of Corn Peptides By Hplc-Diode Array Detection And Hplc-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C. Wang, H. He, J.-L. Zhang, X. Li, Z.-L. Ma Jul 2020

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) Fingerprints And Primary Structure Identification Of Corn Peptides By Hplc-Diode Array Detection And Hplc-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry, C. Wang, H. He, J.-L. Zhang, X. Li, Z.-L. Ma

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Corn peptides (CPs) are reported to have many biological functions, such as facilitating alcohol metabolism, antioxidation, antitumor, antihypertension, and hepatoprotection. To develop a method for quality control, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was applied. Twenty-eight common peaks were found in all the CPs of corn samples from Enshi, China, based on which, a fingerprinting chromatogram was established for use in quality control in future research. Subsequently, the major chemical constituents of these common peaks were identified respectively using the HPLC-diode-array detection electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (DAD-ESI-MS/MS) system, and 48 peptide fractions were determined ultimately. This was the first …

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Isolation Of Eugenyl Β-Primeveroside From Camellia Sasanqua And Its Anticancer Activity In Pc3 Prostate Cancer Cells, C.-C. Wang, C.-T. Ho, S.-C. Lee, T.-D. Way Jul 2020

Isolation Of Eugenyl Β-Primeveroside From Camellia Sasanqua And Its Anticancer Activity In Pc3 Prostate Cancer Cells, C.-C. Wang, C.-T. Ho, S.-C. Lee, T.-D. Way

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Most studies of tea trees have focused on their ornamental properties, there are fewer published studies on their medical values. The purpose of this study was to compare the chemical constituents and the biological potential of the water extract of leaves in eight species of Camellia including Camellia sinensis. Among eight Camellia species, Camellia sasanqua showed potent anticancer activities in prostate cancer PC3 cells. In addition to catechins, the major component, eugenyl β-primeveroside was detected in C. sasanqua. Eugenyl β-primeveroside blocked the progression of cell cycle at G1 phase by inducing p53 expression and further upregulating p21 expression. Moreover, eugenyl …

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Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents, T.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang Jul 2020

Development Of Standardized Methodology For Identifying Toxins In Clinical Samples And Fish Species Associated With Tetrodotoxin-Borne Poisoning Incidents, T.-Y. Chen, C.-H. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a naturally occurring toxin in food, especially in puffer fish. TTX poisoning is observed frequently in South East Asian regions. In TTX-derived food poisoning outbreaks, the amount of TTX recovered from suspicious fish samples or leftovers, and residual levels from biological fluids of victims are typically trace. However, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods have been demonstrated to qualitatively and quantitatively determine TTX in clinical samples from victims. Identification and validation of the TTX-originating seafood species responsible for a food poisoning incident is needed. A polymerase chain reaction-based method on mitochondrial DNA analysis is …

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Qualitative And Quantitative Characterization Of Secondary Metabolites And Carbohydrates In Bai-Hu-Tang Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Photodiode Array Detector, W.-F. Zhong, W.-S. Tong, S.-S. Zhou, K.-M. Yip, S.-L. Li, Z.-Z. Zhao, J. Xu, H.-B. Chen Jul 2020

Qualitative And Quantitative Characterization Of Secondary Metabolites And Carbohydrates In Bai-Hu-Tang Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry And Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Photodiode Array Detector, W.-F. Zhong, W.-S. Tong, S.-S. Zhou, K.-M. Yip, S.-L. Li, Z.-Z. Zhao, J. Xu, H.-B. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Bai-Hu-Tang (BHT), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used for clearing heat and promoting body fluid, consists of four traditional Chinese medicines, i.e., Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Zhigancao), and nonglutinous rice (Jingmi). The chemical composition of BHT still remains largely elusive thus far. To qualitatively and quantitatively characterize secondary metabolites and carbohydrates in BHT, here a combination of analytical approaches using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector was developed and validated. A total of 42 secondary metabolites in …

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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides, X. He, Q. Xia, K. Woodling, G. Lin, P.P. Fu Jul 2020

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Derived Dna Adducts Are Common Toxicological Biomarkers Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid N-Oxides, X. He, Q. Xia, K. Woodling, G. Lin, P.P. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

There are 660 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides present in the plants, with approximately half being possible carcinogens. We previously reported that a set of four PA-derived DNA adducts is formed in the liver of rats administered a series of hepatocarcinogenic PAs and a PA N-oxide. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that this set of DNA adducts is a common biological biomarker of PA-induced liver tumor formation. In this study, we determined that rat liver microsomal metabolism of five hepatocarcinogenic PAs (lasiocarpine, retrorsine, riddelliine, monocrotaline, and heliotrine) and their corresponding PA N-oxides produced the same set of DNA …

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Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal Jul 2020

Antibiofilm Activity Of Cashew Juice Pulp Against Staphylococcus Aureus, High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detection And Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analyses, And Interference On Antimicrobial Drugs, M.V. Dias-Souza, Santos R.M. Dos, Siqueira E.P. De, P.H. Ferreira-Marçal

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infections has evolved in recent years, as this species is a major Gram-positive pathogen associated with healthcare services. The antimicrobial resistance of this species raises an urgent need for new treatment strategies. Fruits play important nutritional and economic roles in society, but their biological and pharmacological features are poorly explored when compared to nonedible parts of plants such as barks and leaves. In this study, we show that the cashew apple juice [cashew juice pulp (CJP)] extract is active against the planktonic cells of S. aureus strains, and for the first time, we show that …

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Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression, M. Homayouni-Tabrizi, A. Asoodeh, M. Soltani Jul 2020

Cytotoxic And Antioxidant Capacity Of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects Of Isolated Peptide On Superoxide Dismutase And Catalase Gene Expression, M. Homayouni-Tabrizi, A. Asoodeh, M. Soltani

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Peptides from natural sources such as milk are shown to have a wide spectrum of biological activities. In this study, three peptides with antioxidant capacity were identified from camel milk protein hydrolysate. Pepsin and pancreatin were used for hydrolysis of milk proteins. Ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the concentration and purification of the hydrolysate, respectively. Sequences of the three peptides, which were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight spectrophotometry, were LEEQQQTEDEQQDQL [molecular weight (MW): 1860.85 Da, LL-15], YLEELHRLNAGY (MW: 1477.63 Da, YY-11), and RGLHPVPQ (MW: 903.04 Da, RQ-8). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthia-zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to evaluate …

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Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds, A. Bhave, V. Schulzova, H. Chmelarova, L. Mrnka, J. Hajslova Jul 2020

Assessment Of Rosehips Based On The Content Of Their Biologically Active Compounds, A. Bhave, V. Schulzova, H. Chmelarova, L. Mrnka, J. Hajslova

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, an in-depth analysis of the unique set of rosehip samples from 71 Rosa genotypes was conducted with the aim to identify the most suitable ones for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries based on the content of biologically active compounds. In the first part of our experiments, the antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and the genotypes with the highest values were selected for the follow-up analysis. In the second part of experiments, the major classes of biologically active compounds in rosehips such as carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids, and triterpenoic acids were further quantified using liquid …

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An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector, L. Wang, Y. Yamashita, A. Saito, H. Ashida Jul 2020

An Analysis Method For Flavan-3-Ols Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With A Fluorescence Detector, L. Wang, Y. Yamashita, A. Saito, H. Ashida

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Procyanidins belong to a family of flavan-3-ols, which consist of monomers, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, and their oligomers and polymers, and are distributed in many plant-derived foods. Procyanidins are reported to have many beneficial physiological activities, such as antihypertensive and anticancer effects. However, the bioavailability of procyanidins is not well understood owing to a lack of convenient and high-sensitive analysis methods. The aim of this study was to develop an improved method for determining procyanidin content in both food materials and biological samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used in this study. The limits of …

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Impact Of Different Partitioned Solvents On Chemical Composition And Bioavailability Of Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Leaf Extract, M. Nakamura, J.-H. Ra, Y. Jee, J.-S. Kim Jul 2020

Impact Of Different Partitioned Solvents On Chemical Composition And Bioavailability Of Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Leaf Extract, M. Nakamura, J.-H. Ra, Y. Jee, J.-S. Kim

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai were extracted with 80% ethanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions to evaluate the biological activity through assessment via various in vitro assays, including total phenol content; 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazothiazoline-6-sulfornic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging; reducing power; α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory; and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assays. The highest activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction for all assays and showed stronger DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the positive controls (butylated hydroxytoluene, α-tocopherol, and arbutin, respectively). When compared …

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Smog Induces Oxidative Stress And Microbiota Disruption, T.-Y. Wong Jul 2020

Smog Induces Oxidative Stress And Microbiota Disruption, T.-Y. Wong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Smog is created through the interactions between pollutants in the air, fog, and sunlight. Air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, heavy metals, nitrogen oxides, ozone, sulfur dioxide, volatile organic vapors, and particulate matters, can induce oxidative stress in human directly or indirectly through the formation of reactive oxygen species. The outermost boundary of human skin and mucous layers are covered by a complex network of human-associated microbes. The relation between these microbial communities and their human host are mostly mutualistic. These microbes not only provide nutrients, vitamins, and protection against other pathogens, they also influence human's physical, immunological, nutritional, and …

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Biological Actions And Molecular Effects Of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene, And 3′-Hydroxypterostilbene, H.-Y. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-K. Chen Jul 2020

Biological Actions And Molecular Effects Of Resveratrol, Pterostilbene, And 3′-Hydroxypterostilbene, H.-Y. Tsai, C.-T. Ho, Y.-K. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Stilbenes are a class of polyphenolic compounds, naturally found in a wide variety of dietary sources such as grapes, berries, peanuts, red wine, and some medicinal plants. There are several well-known stilbenes including trans-resveratrol, pterostilbene, and 3′-hydroxypterostilbene. The core chemical structure of stilbene compounds is 1,2-diphenylethylene. Recently, stilbenes have attracted extensive attention and interest due to their wide range of health-beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation, -carcinogenic, -diabetes, and -dyslipidemia activities. Moreover, accumulating in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that stilbene compounds act as inducers of multiple cell-death pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy for chemopreventive …

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Chemistry And Bioactivity Of Gardenia Jasminoides, W. Xiao, S. Li, S. Wang, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Chemistry And Bioactivity Of Gardenia Jasminoides, W. Xiao, S. Li, S. Wang, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gardenia jasminoides, grown in multiple regions in China, was commonly used as a natural yellow dye but has been one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines since the discovery of its biological property a few decades ago. It has been reported that G. jasminoides possess multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic effect, inhibition of inflammation, antidepression activity, and improved sleeping quality. In this review, our aim was to have a comprehensive summary of its phytochemistry including the extraction, isolation, and characterization of volatiles and bioactive molecules in G. jasminoides, focusing on the two major phytochemicals, genipin and crocin, …

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Phenolic Compounds And Biological Activities Of Small-Size Citrus: Kumquat And Calamondin, S.-N. Lou, C.-T. Ho Jul 2020

Phenolic Compounds And Biological Activities Of Small-Size Citrus: Kumquat And Calamondin, S.-N. Lou, C.-T. Ho

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Kumquat and calamondin are two small-size citrus fruits. Owing to their health benefits, they are traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. However, the research on flavonoids and biological activities of kumquat and calamondin have received less attention. This review summarizes the reported quantitative and qualitative data of phenolic compositions in these two fruits. Effects of maturity, harvest time, various solvent extractions and heat treatment of phenolic compositions, and bioactivities were discussed; distributions of the forms of phenolic compounds existing in kumquat and calamondin were also summarized. Furthermore, biological activities, including antioxidant, antityrosinase, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antimetabolic disorder effects, …

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Extraction, Bioavailability, And Bioefficacy Of Capsaicinoids, M. Lu, C.-T. Ho, Q. Huang Jul 2020

Extraction, Bioavailability, And Bioefficacy Of Capsaicinoids, M. Lu, C.-T. Ho, Q. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Capsaicinoids are active constituents responsible for the pungent and spicy flavor in chili peppers. During the past few decades, various extraction methods of capsaicinoids from peppers have been developed with high yields. Through biological studies, pharmacological benefits have been reported such as pain relief, antiinflammation, anticancer, cardio-protection, as well as weight loss. In this paper, the extraction methods and bioavailability of capsaicinoids are reviewed and discussed. In addition, the pharmacological effects and their underlying mechanisms are also studied. © 2016

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Autophagy-Inducing Effect Of Pterostilbene: A Prospective Therapeutic/Preventive Option For Skin Diseases, R.-J. Chen, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-L. Yeh, W.-S. Wu, C.-T. Ho, C.-Y. Li, B.-J. Wang, Y.-J. Wang Jul 2020

Autophagy-Inducing Effect Of Pterostilbene: A Prospective Therapeutic/Preventive Option For Skin Diseases, R.-J. Chen, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-L. Yeh, W.-S. Wu, C.-T. Ho, C.-Y. Li, B.-J. Wang, Y.-J. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pterostilbene is a naturally occurring analog of resveratrol with many health benefits. These health benefits are associated with its antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and chemopreventive effects attributed to its unique structure. The skin cancer chemopreventive potential of pterostilbene is supported by a variety of mechanistic studies confirming the anti-inflammatory effects in skin cancer models. Molecular biological studies have identified that pterostilbene targets pleotropic signaling pathways, including those involved in mitogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Recently, pterostilbene has been reported to induce autophagy in cancer and normal cells. Through autophagy induction, the inflammatory-related skin diseases can be attenuated. This finding …

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Chemistry And Health Effects Of Furanocoumarins In Grapefruit, W.-L. Hung, J.H. Suh, Y. Wang Jul 2020

Chemistry And Health Effects Of Furanocoumarins In Grapefruit, W.-L. Hung, J.H. Suh, Y. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Furanocoumarins are a specific group of secondary metabolites that commonly present in higher plants, such as citrus plants. The major furanocoumarins found in grapefruits (Citrus paradisi) include bergamottin, epoxybergamottin, and 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin. During biosynthesis of these furanocoumarins, coumarins undergo biochemical modifications corresponding to a prenylation reaction catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes with the subsequent formation of furan rings. Because of undesirable interactions with several medications, many studies have developed methods for grapefruit furanocoumarin quantification that include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV detector or mass spectrometry. The distribution of furanocoumarins in grapefruits is affected by several environmental conditions, such as …

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Biopharmaceutical Potentials Of Prosopis Spp. (Mimosaceae, Leguminosa), S. Henciya, P. Seturaman, A.R. James, Y.-H. Tsai, R. Nikam, Y.-C. Wu, H.-U. Dahms, F.R. Chang Jul 2020

Biopharmaceutical Potentials Of Prosopis Spp. (Mimosaceae, Leguminosa), S. Henciya, P. Seturaman, A.R. James, Y.-H. Tsai, R. Nikam, Y.-C. Wu, H.-U. Dahms, F.R. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Prosopis is a commercially important plant genus, which has been used since ancient times, particularly for medicinal purposes. Traditionally, Paste, gum, and smoke from leaves and pods are applied for anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial purposes. Components of Prosopis such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, or phenolic compounds demonstrate potentials in various biofunctions, such as analgesic, anthelmintic, antibiotic, antiemetic, microbial antioxidant, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antipustule, and antiulcer activities; enhancement of H+, K+, ATPases; oral disinfection; and probiotic and nutritional effects; as well as in other biopharmaceutical applications, such as binding abilities for tablet production. The compound juliflorine provides a cure in …

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