Digital Commons Network^™

Rapid Colorimetric Identification Of Escherichia Coli Shiga Toxins 1 And 2, As Well As Eae And Aggr, Using Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Followed By Pna/Aunp Detection, Rachael Nelson

All NMU Master's Theses

Escherichia coli are normal residents in the intestinal tracts of humans and animals. However, some E. coli strains produce Shiga toxins and attachment factors that make them pathogenic. Pathogenic E. coli strains can cause fever, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In severe cases they cause hemorrhagic colitis or kidney failure. Current laboratory methods can detect pathogenic E. coli within 24-48 hours. This timeframe puts more people at risk of exposure to pathogenic E. coli. This research utilizes a DNA amplification technique called Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) to detect different strains of pathogenic E. coli. Common visualization methods …

Studimi I Dietës Së Femrave Shtatzënë, Flaka Cana

Theses and Dissertations

Kjo temë e diplomës studion mënyrën e të ushqyerit të femrave shtatzënë .

Pjesa e kapitullit të parë shpjegon sasinë e makronutrientëve dhe mikronutrientëve të cila nevoiten për femrat shtatzënë dhe nutrientët të cila nevoitet për rritjen e fëmijes.

Pjesa e kapitullit të dytë kemi rekomandimi për dietën e femrave shtatzënë me kolesterol të lartë,diabet apo anemi dhe mënyra e shëndeshme për femrat shtatzënë me dieta vegjetariane apo vegane

Qëllimi i kësaj është përmbledhja e rekomandimeve për mënyrën e të ushqyerit për femrat shtatzënë të cilat kanë sëmundje të caktuara.

Pjesa e praktikës e kësaj teze merret me analizimin e …

Studimi I Dietës Së Femrave Shtatzënë, Flaka Cani

Theses and Dissertations

Kjo temë e diplomës studion mënyrën e të ushqyerit të femrave shtatzënë . Pjesa e kapitullit të parë shpjegon sasinë e makronutrientëve dhe mikronutrientëve të cila nevoiten për femrat shtatzënë dhe nutrientët të cila nevoitet për rritjen e fëmijes. Pjesa e kapitullit të dytë kemi rekomandimi për dietën e femrave shtatzënë me kolesterol të lartë,diabet apo anemi dhe mënyra e shëndeshme për femrat shtatzënë me dieta vegjetariane apo vegane Qëllimi i kësaj është përmbledhja e rekomandimeve për mënyrën e të ushqyerit për femrat shtatzënë të cilat kanë sëmundje të caktuara. Pjesa e praktikës e kësaj teze merret me analizimin e …

Pasteurization Of Human Donor Milk, Laura Brewer

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Appropriate and adequate nutrition is critical to reduce the risk of mortality in the preterm infant (Parker, 2019). Mother’s own milk (MOM) is the best source of nutrition and reduces the risk of common neonatal complications, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), infections resulting in late-onset sepsis, and retinopathy of prematurity (Li et al., 2017). When MOM is unavailable to the neonate, the World Health Organization and the American Academy of Pediatrics both recommend that human donor milk is the next best option (Peila et al., 2016). Donor milk can be obtained from a human milk bank and is considered safe for …

Children Living With Trauma, Maggie Boyd

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

There are many experiences that can happen to children that may lead to trauma. This literature review uses scholarly articles and journals, as well as books, to explore the impact trauma has on children. The research shows that there are many factors that may influence a child’s life and cause a child trauma. Trauma has a significant impact on the wiring of a child’s brain. As a result of the wiring, or lack of wiring due to trauma, children will show deficits in physical, social emotional and cognitive skills. Many times trauma can be misunderstood and diagnosed as a disability …

The Effects Of Technology In Early Childhood, Krista Werling

Master's Theses & Capstone Projects

This literature review examines the effects of technology in early childhood. This literature review uses scholarly journals and articles to show the advantages and disadvantages of technology in early childhood. The research examines how technology can impact a child's development in the areas of (a) social emotional, (b) physical, (c) cognitive, (d) language, (e) mathematics, and (f) literacy skills. The advantages and disadvantages of technology will be reviewed in each of these early childhood developmental areas. Parents and teachers must be aware of screen time guidelines. Recommendations from the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the …

Magnitude Of Screening For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In An Urban Setting In Tanzania; A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study, Akampa Mukuve, Mariam Noorani, Ibrahim Sendagire, Miriam Mgonja

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background

Medical screening detects risk factors for disease or presence of disease in otherwise well persons in order to intervene early and reduce morbidity and mortality. During antenatal care (ANC) it is important to detect conditions that complicate pregnancy, like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Despite international and local guidelines recommending screening for GDM during ANC, there is evidence to suggest that the practice was not being carried out adequately. A major challenge may be lack of consensus on uniform GDM screening and diagnostic guidelines internationally and locally.

The primary objective was to determine the magnitude of screening for GDM among …

Delivering Water, Sanitation And Hygiene Interventions To Women And Children In Conflict Settings: A Systematic Review, Daina Als, Sarah Meteke, Marianne Stefopulos, Michelle F. Gaffey, Mahdis Kamali, Mariella Munyuzangabo, Shailja Shah, Reena P. Jain, Amruta Radhakrishnan, Fahad J. Siddiqui, Anushka Ataullahjan, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: Access to safe water and sanitation facilities and the adoption of effective hygiene practices are fundamental to reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality globally. In armed conflict settings, inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure poses major health risks for women and children. This review aimed to synthesise the existing information on WASH interventions being delivered to women and children in conflict settings in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify the personnel, sites and platforms being used to deliver such interventions.
Methods: We conducted a systematic search for publications indexed in four databases, and grey literature …

Delivery Of Sexual And Reproductive Health Interventions In Conflict Settings: A Systematic Review, Mariella Munyuzangabo, Dina Sami Khalifa, Michelle F. Gaffey, Mahdis Kamali, Fahad J. Siddiqui, Sarah Metek, Shailja Shah, Reena P. Jain, Daina Als, Amruta Radhakrishnan, Anushka Ataullahjan, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: It is essential to provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions to women affected by armed conflict, but there is a lack of evidence on effective approaches to delivering such interventions in conflict settings. This review synthesised the available literature on SRH intervention delivery in conflict settings to inform potential priorities for further research and additional guidance development.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases using terms related to conflict, women and children, and SRH. We searched websites of 10 humanitarian organisations for relevant grey literature. Publications reporting on conflict-affected populations in low-income and middle-income countries …

Secretion Of Proteins And Antibody Fragments From Transiently Transfected Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Loree Heller, Reynald Thinard, Melanie Chevalier, Sezgi Arpag, Yu Jing, Ruth Greferath, Richard Heller, Claude Nicolau

Bioelectrics Publications

In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neuroinflammation can lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. After intravenous or intra-arterial injection into mice, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) home to the damaged BBB to promote neurovascular repair. Autologous EPCs transfected to express specific therapeutic proteins offer an innovative therapeutic option. Here, we demonstrate that EPC transfection by electroporation with plasmids encoding the reporter protein GFP or an anti-beta-amyloid antibody fragment (Fab) leads to secretion of each protein. We also demonstrate the secreted anti-beta-amyloid Fab protein functions in beta-amyloid aggregate solubilization.

Paradise Lost?: A New Legal Theory To Combat Climate Change In South Carolina, Anna C. Parham

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Barriers To Fully Informed Decisions On Whether To Breastfeed Or Formula Feed In The United States, Megan Unger

UC Law SF Journal on Gender and Justice

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Varying Dosages Of Fish Oil On Recovery And Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Kurt A. Escobar, Kelly E. Johnson, Matthew T. Statton, Terrence Moriarty, Chad M. Kerksick, Gerald T. Mangine, Alyssa J. Holmes, Matthew Lee, Marvin R. Endito, Christine M. Mermier

Faculty Scholarship

Fish oils (FOs) are rich in omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have been purported to enhance recovery of muscular performance and reduce soreness post-exercise. However, the most effective FO dose for optimizing recovery remains unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of FO supplementation dosing on the recovery of measures of muscular performance, perceived soreness, and markers of muscle damage following a rigorous bout of eccentric exercise. Thirty-two college-aged resistance-trained males (~23.6 years, 71.6 kg, 172.1 cm) were supplemented with 2, 4, 6 g/day (G) FO or placebo (PL) for ~7.5 weeks. Following 7 weeks …

Intraspecific And Biogeographical Variation In Foliar Fungal Communities And Pathogen Damage Of Native And Invasive Phragmites Australis, Warwick J. Allen, Aaron E. Devries, Nicholas J. Bologna, Wesley A. Bickford, Kurt P. Kowalski, Laura A. Meyerson, James T. Cronin

Faculty Publications

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Recent research has highlighted that the relationship between species interactions and latitude can differ between native and invasive plant taxa, generating biogeographical heterogeneity in community resistance to plant invasions. In the first study with foliar pathogens, we tested whether co-occurring native and invasive lineages of common reed (Phragmites australis) exhibit non-parallel latitudinal gradients in foliar fungal communities, pathogen susceptibility and damage, and whether these biogeographical patterns can influence the success of invasion. Location: North America. Time period: 2015–2017. Major taxa studied: Perennial grass P. australis. Methods: We surveyed 35 P. australis field …

Dynamic Glucose Disposal Is Driven By Reduced Endogenous Glucose Production In Response To Voluntary Wheel Running: A Stable Isotope Approach, Timothy D. Allerton, Greg M. Kowalski, Hardy Hang, Jacqueline Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2020 the American Physiological Society. Dynamic glucose disposal is driven by reduced endogenous glucose production in response to voluntary wheel running: A stable isotope approach. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 319: E2-E10, 2020. First published April 28, 2020; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00450.2019.-To resolve both the systems level and molecular mechanisms responsible for exerciseinduced improvements in glucose tolerance, we sought to test the effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on postprandial glucose dynamics. We utilized a stable isotope-labeled oral glucose tolerance test (SI-OGTT) incorporating complementary deuterium glucose tracers at a 1:1 ratio (2-2H-glucose and 6-6 2H-glucose; 2g/kg lean body mass) to distinguish between …

Undergraduate And Graduate Course Descriptions, 2020 Summer, Wright State University

Course Descriptions

Wright State University undergraduate and graduate course descriptions from Spring 2020.

Β-Hydroxybutyrate Is Reduced In Humans With Obesity-Related Nafld And Displays A Dose-Dependent Effect On Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration In Vitro, Jacob T. Mey, Melissa L. Erickson, Christopher L. Axelrod, William T. King, Chris A. Flask, Arthur J. Mccullough, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

β-Hydroxybutyrate is reduced in humans with obesity-related NAFLD and displays a dose-dependent effect on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 319: E187-E195, 2020. First published May 12, 2020; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00058.2020.-Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and impaired insulin sensitivity. Reduced hepatic ketogenesis may promote these pathologies, but data are inconclusive in humans and the link between NAFLD and reduced insulin sensitivity remains obscure. We investigated individuals with obesity-related NAFLD and hypothesized that β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB; the predominant ketone species) would be reduced and related to hepatic fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, …

Louisiana Agriculture Summer, 2020, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Adaptive Responses To Maternal Nutrient Restriction Alter Placental Transport In Ewes, Ashley K. Edwards, Sorin M. Mcknight, Katharine Askelson, Jason R. Mcknight, Kathrin A. Dunlap, M. Carey Satterfield

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Maternal nutrient partitioning, uteroplacental blood flow, transporter activity, and fetoplacental metabolism mediate nutrient delivery to the fetus. Inadequate availability or delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal nutrient restriction can result in IUGR, but only in an unforeseeable subset of individuals. Methods: To elucidate potential mechanisms regulating fetal nutrient availability, singleton sheep pregnancies were generated by embryo transfer. Pregnant ewes received either a 50% NRC (NR; n = 24) or 100% NRC (n = 7) diet from gestational Day 35 until necropsy on Day 125. Maternal weight did …

Effects Of Hurricane Harvey On The Trophic Status Of Juvenile Sport Fishes (Cynoscion Nebulosus, Sciaenops Ocellatus) In An Estuarine Nursery, Philip Matich, Kaya B. Moore, Jeffrey D. Plumlee

Faculty Publications

Understanding the implications of environmental disturbance is of growing importance as climate change and extreme weather events increasingly threaten estuaries and other coastal ecosystems. Among species at risk in estuarine habitats, sport fishes are of particular interest to conservation and management agencies, because of their ecological and economic value. Here, we evaluate the effects of Hurricane Harvey on the abundance, diet, and body condition of age-0 red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in Powderhorn Lake, a nearshore estuary in Texas, USA. Catch data from seines indicated that the abundances of age-0 red drum and spotted seatrout were …

Intermittent Fasting And Metabolic Health: From Religious Fast To Time-Restricted Feeding, Kristin K. Hoddy, Kara L. Marlatt, Hatice Çetinkaya, Eric Ravussin

Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Over the past 10 to 15 years, intermittent fasting has emerged as an unconventional approach to reduce body weight and improve metabolic health beyond simple calorie restriction. In this review, we summarize findings related to Ramadan and Sunnah fasting. We then discuss the role of caloric restriction not only as an intervention for weight control, but importantly, as a strategy for healthy aging and longevity. Finally, we review the four most common intermittent fasting (IF) strategies used to date for weight management and to improve cardiometabolic health. Weight loss is common after IF but does not appear to be different …

Breastfeeding And Childhood Obesity: A 12-Country Study, Jian Ma, Yijuan Qiao, Pei Zhao, Wei Li, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Jean Philippe Chaput, Mikael Fogelholm, Rebecca Kuriyan, Estelle V. Lambert, Carol Maher, Jose Maia, Victor Matsudo, Timothy Olds, Vincent Onywera, Olga L. Sarmiento, Martyn Standage, Mark S. Tremblay, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Gang Hu

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

This study aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity. A multinational cross-sectional study of 4,740 children aged 9–11 years was conducted from 12 countries. Infant breastfeeding was recalled by parents or legal guardians. Height, weight, waist circumference, and body fat were obtained using standardized methods. The overall prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and high body fat were 12.3%, 9.9%, and 8.1%, respectively. After adjustment for maternal age at delivery, body mass index (BMI), highest maternal education, history of gestational diabetes, gestational age, and child's age, sex, birth weight, unhealthy diet pattern scores, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, sleeping, and …

Genetic Susceptibility, Lifestyle Intervention And Glycemic Changes Among Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes, Zhaoxia Liang, Leishen Wang, Huikun Liu, Yuhang Chen, Tao Zhou, Yoriko Heianza, Junhong Leng, Weiqin Li, Xilin Yang, Yun Shen, Ru Gao, Gang Hu, Lu Qi

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Aims: Women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or high genetic susceptibility are prone to development of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether a lifestyle intervention modified the genetic effect on changes in glycemic markers among women with prior GDM. Research design and methods: This study included 560 women with prior GDM from a randomized controlled trial, the Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program, who were assigned into an intervention arm (improved physical activity and healthy dietary intakes) or a control arm. We assessed associations of GDM related genetic variants in/near the CDKAL1 (rs7754840) and MTNR1B (rs10830962) genes with changes …

Daily Branched-Chain Amino Acid Intake And Risks Of Obesity And Insulin Resistance In Children: A Cross-Sectional Study, Jun Lu, Yuying Gu, Huikun Liu, Leishen Wang, Wei Li, Weiqin Li, Junhong Leng, Shuang Zhang, Lu Qi, Xilin Yang, Gang Hu

Population and Public Health Science Faculty Publications

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of daily branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake with the risks of obesity and insulin resistance in children of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Daily BCAA intake was calculated by using a validated food frequency questionnaire in 996 children of mothers with GDM. The odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) of childhood obesity and insulin resistance were obtained using logistic regression models. Results: The multivariable-adjusted ORs for overweight and insulin resistance increased across quartiles of daily BCAA intake (P < 0.05 for trend). Multivariable-adjusted ORs for each 1-SD increase in BCAA intake were 1.37 (1.16-1.62) for overweight and 1.19 (1.02-1.38) for insulin resistance. After additional adjustment of children’s daily total energy intake, the OR was still significant for overweight risk but no longer significant for insulin resistance. There were positive associations of daily leucine, isoleucine, and valine intake with the risks for overweight and insulin resistance. Conclusions: Daily BCAA intake was associated with increased risks for overweight and insulin resistance in children of mothers with GDM, but this association was not fully independent of children’s daily energy intake. Restriction in dietary BCAA may help prevent childhood obesity and insulin resistance.

Exercise Training Rapidly Increases Hepatic Insulin Extraction In Nafld, Adithya Hari, Ciaràn E. Fealy, Christopher L. Axelrod, Jacob M. Haus, Chris A. Flask, Arthur J. Mccullough, John P. Kirwan

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Purpose We aimed to determine the immediacy of exercise intervention on liver-specific metabolic processes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods We undertook a short-term (7-d) exercise training study (60 min·d-1 treadmill walking at 80%-85% of maximal heart rate) in obese adults (N = 13, 58 ± 3 yr, 34.3 ± 1.1 kg·m-2, >5% hepatic lipid by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Insulin sensitivity index was estimated by oral glucose tolerance test using the Soonthorpun model. Hepatic insulin extraction (HIE) was calculated as the molar difference in area under the curve (AUC) for insulin and C-peptide (HIE = 1-(AUCInsulin/AUCC-Pep)). Results The increases in …

Rationale And Study Design For Lifestyle Intervention In Preparation For Pregnancy (Lipp): A Randomized Controlled Trial, M. L. Erickson, J. T. Mey, C. L. Axelrod, D. Paul, L. Gordesky, K. Russell, H. Barkoukis, P. O'Tierney-Ginn, R. A. Fielding, J. P. Kirwan, P. M. Catalano

Division of Basic Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: Maternal obesity increases neonatal risk for obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life. Prior attempts to break this intergenerational obesity cycle by limiting excessive gestational weight gain have failed to reduce neonatal adiposity. Alternatively, pre-conception lifestyle interventions may improve the in utero metabolic milieu during early pregnancy leading to improved fetal outcomes. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) is evaluating whether a lifestyle intervention to reduce weight and improve maternal metabolism in preparation for pregnancy (LIPP) attenuates neonatal adiposity, compared to standard medical advice. Material and methods: Overweight/class 1 obese women after a previous pregnancy, ~12 weeks postpartum, preparing for …

Fully Automated Pipeline For Body Composition Estimation From 3d Optical Scans Using Principal Component Analysis: A Shape Up Study, Sima Sobhiyeh, Nathan Borel, Marcelline Dechenaud, Clinten A. Graham, Michael Wong, Peter Wolenski, John Shepherd, Steven B. Heymsfield

Faculty Publications

The increasing prevalence and adaptability of 3D optical scan (3DO) technology has invoked many recent studies which use 3DO scanning as a convenient and inexpensive means for predicting body composition and health risks. The Shape Up studies seek a device-agnostic solution for body composition estimation based on principal component analysis (PCA). This paper reports a progress made on Shape Up's previous work which served as a criterion analysis for PCA-based body composition and health risk prediction. This study presents proof-of-concept for a novel automated landmark detection step that allows for a fully automated PCA-based approach to body composition estimation that …

Measuring Trademark Dilution By Tarnishment, Suneal Bedi, David Reibstein

Indiana Law Journal

The law of trademark tarnishment—a type of trademark dilution—is in disarray. The

basic definition is deceptively simple. Trademark tarnishment occurs when a junior

mark harms the reputation of a substantially similar existing senior trademark by

associating itself with something perverse or deviant. However, it turns out that

Congress and the courts disagree over the prima facie evidence necessary to prove

its existence. The problem is that federal law and related legal principles are simply

ill-equipped to adequately analyze this unique market-driven doctrine. To make

matters worse, legal scholars cannot even agree on whether trademark tarnishment

can empirically exist in the …

Population Data-Driven Formulation Of A Covid-19 Therapeutic, Heather R. Campbell, Regan P. Cecil, Robert A. Lodder

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

This study is designed to utilize computer modeling of the US population through the ongoing CDC NHANES trial to reduce the need for preclinical formulation and toxicology studies of an Ebola antiviral (BSN389) being repurposed for COVID-19, and to thereby speed the candidate therapeutic to the clinic. BSN389 has poor solubility in water and that limits its bioavailability. BCD greatly increases the solubility of BSN389 and results in high bioavailability of BSN389 in animal studies. The goal of this study is to determine the current daily exposure of the population to beta cyclodextrin (BCD), and then keep the amount of …

Can Children Catch Up From The Consequences Of Undernourishment? Evidence From Child Linear Growth, Developmental Epigenetics, And Brain And Neurocognitive Development, Jef L. Leroy, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Pragya Dewan, Maureen M. Black, Robert A. Waterland

Faculty Publications

Recovery from nutritionally induced height deficits continues to garner attention. The current literature on catch-up growth, however, has 2 important limitations: wide-ranging definitions of catch-up growth are used, and it remains unclear whether children can recover from the broader consequences of undernutrition. We addressed these shortcomings by reviewing the literature on the criteria for catch-up in linear growth and on the potential to recover from undernutrition early in life in 3 domains: linear growth, developmental epigenetics, and child brain and neurocognitive development. Four criteria must be met to demonstrate catch-up growth in height: after a period in which a growth-inhibiting …