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2020

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Identification Of A Sildenafil Analogue Adulterated In Two Herbal Food Supplements, M.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Liu, J.-H. Lin Jul 2020

Identification Of A Sildenafil Analogue Adulterated In Two Herbal Food Supplements, M.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Liu, J.-H. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Consumption of herbal supplements becomes more and more popular in the world. For the sake of public health, enhanced supervision on those products is needed. A novel sildenafil analogue is detected from two herbal dietary supplements in our laboratory. Its structure has been identified by various NMR techniques, mass spectrum, IR and X-ray diffraction. This compound is slightly different from sildenafil (Viagra) in the piperazine moiety, where N-methyl group in sildenafil is replaced by N-hydroxy-ethyl group. Thereby this compound is named as hydroxyhomosildenafil. Noticeably, this compound has not been approved as medication. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor diverse analogues …

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Determination Of Aflatoxin Contamination In Red-Scaled, Red And Black Pepper By Elisa And Hplc, H. Colak, E.B. Bingol, H. Hampikyan, B. Nazli Jul 2020

Determination Of Aflatoxin Contamination In Red-Scaled, Red And Black Pepper By Elisa And Hplc, H. Colak, E.B. Bingol, H. Hampikyan, B. Nazli

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by some species of mould genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Mycotoxins are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive to most animal species and humans. Humans are exposed to aflatoxins via risky foods such as milk, cereals and various spices. This study aimed to determine the aflatoxin levels in red scaled, red and black pepper. For this purpose, 84 spice samples were randomly obtained from markets and bazaars in Istanbul. Thirty-six of 84 spice samples (42.9%) were found contaminated with aflatoxins in the range of 0.3-46.8 μg/kg. All positive samples were also analyzed and confirmed …

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Analysis Of Volatile Compounds In Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir Sinensis), D. Chen, M. Zhang Jul 2020

Analysis Of Volatile Compounds In Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir Sinensis), D. Chen, M. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Volatile compounds in Chinese mitten crab (whole crab and crab meat) were investigated. Samples were extracted by simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and then analyzed by Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 94 volatile compounds were identified and quantified in this study. 86 and 83 compounds were found in whole crab and crab meat, respectively. 76 compounds were found in both, including the 5-9 carbons aldehydes, methyl ketones, 2,3-butadione, 1-octen-3-ol, amines, pyrazines, thialdine and thiazoline, etc. In general, the concentrations of volatile compounds in whole crab were considerably greater than in crab meat, and SDE-GC/MS could be used to extract, …

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Antioxidative Effects Of Intracellular Extracts Of Yogurt Bacteria On Lipid Peroxidation And Intestine 407 Cells, C.-C. Ou, J.-L. Ko, M.-Y. Lin Jul 2020

Antioxidative Effects Of Intracellular Extracts Of Yogurt Bacteria On Lipid Peroxidation And Intestine 407 Cells, C.-C. Ou, J.-L. Ko, M.-Y. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The antioxidative activity of intracellular extracts of yogurt bacteria was measured based on the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of two model systems, namely a free fatty acid (linoleic acid) system and a biological lipid (plasma lipid) system. The inhibitory rate on linoleic acid peroxidation was 61 and 57% for Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus ATCC 19258 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842, respectively. The inhibitory rate on plasma lipid peroxidation was 57 and 41% for S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus ATCC 19258 and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842, respectively. Results from both systems demonstrated that these two yogurt strains were …

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Suppressive Effects Of Lotus Plumule (Nelumbo Nucifera Geartn.) Supplementation On Lps-Induced Systemic Inflammation In A Balb/C Mouse Model, J.-Y. Lin, A.-R. Wu, C.-J. Liu, Y.-S. Lai Jul 2020

Suppressive Effects Of Lotus Plumule (Nelumbo Nucifera Geartn.) Supplementation On Lps-Induced Systemic Inflammation In A Balb/C Mouse Model, J.-Y. Lin, A.-R. Wu, C.-J. Liu, Y.-S. Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

To determine the prophylactic effects of lotus plumule (Nelumbo nucifera Geartn.) supplementation in vivo on acute systemic inflammation, the mediators secreted in serum and by cultured peritoneal macrophages from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice were measured. The female BALB/c mice were continuously supplemented with lotus plumule for 3 weeks and then administrated with an intra-peritoneal (i.p.) LPS injection at a concentration of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) to induce acute systemic inflammation. After 24 hours of LPS injection, the mice were sacrificed to determine the inflammatory mediators. The results showed that high dose supplementation (20 mg/day/mouse) with lotus plumule significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in the serum of LPS-challenged mice. Simultaneously, supplementation with lotus plumule significantly increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 produced by peritoneal macrophages from LPS-challenged mice. The results indicated that lotus plumule supplementation significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increased that of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. It can be concluded that lotus plumule supplementation before systemic inflammation attenuates the acute inflammation status in vivo.

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Determination Of Acrylamide In Chinese Foods By Gc-Ion Trap Ms Using 2-Bromopropenamide And 2-Bromopropenamide-13c3, W.-C. Cheng, S.-W. Hsiao, S.-S. Chou, L. Sun-Hwang, T.J. Lu, A.-I. Yeh Jul 2020

Determination Of Acrylamide In Chinese Foods By Gc-Ion Trap Ms Using 2-Bromopropenamide And 2-Bromopropenamide-13c3, W.-C. Cheng, S.-W. Hsiao, S.-S. Chou, L. Sun-Hwang, T.J. Lu, A.-I. Yeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

GC/Ion-Trap MS has been employed to determine the acrylamide content in some Chinese foods. The brominated derivative, 2,3-dibromopropionamide (2,3-DBPA), was found unstable and was converted to 2-bromopropenamide (2-BPA) during the GC/MS analysis. Lowering the injector temperature reduced the formation of 2-BPA. Triethylamine was used to convert 2,3-DBPA to 2-BPA, which was stable during the analysis. The 13C3-labeled acrylamide was used as the internal standard. The ratio of peak area of 2-bromopropenamide (m/z 151) to 2-bromopropenamide- 13C3 (m/z 154) was used for quantification. The recoveries were between 102% and 110% when wheat flour dough was spiked with acrylamide at 10 to …

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Antagonistic And Synergistic Effects Of Carbendazim And Flutamide Exposures In Utero On Reproductive And Developmental Toxicity In Rats, S.-H. Lu, J.-W. Liao, M.-L. Kuo, J.-S. Hwang, T.-H. Ueng Jul 2020

Antagonistic And Synergistic Effects Of Carbendazim And Flutamide Exposures In Utero On Reproductive And Developmental Toxicity In Rats, S.-H. Lu, J.-W. Liao, M.-L. Kuo, J.-S. Hwang, T.-H. Ueng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate) and its parent compound benomyl are systemic fungicides that have reproductive and developmental toxicity in male rats. The major objectives of this study were to determine the ability of carbendazim exposure in utero to alter androgen-dependent development markers in rat offspring and investigate the effects of antiandrogen flutamide on the carbendazim-mediated reproductive and developmental alterations. Pregnant female rats were treated with 6.25, 12.5 or 25 mg/kg carbendazim, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg benomyl, and 0.6, 2.5 or 10 mg/kg flutamide by gavage once daily from gestational day 0 to 20. Alternatively, another group of female rats was …

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Microbiological Quality Of Ready-To-Eat Food Products In Southern Taiwan, Q.-K. Wei, S.-L. Hwang, T.-R. Chen Jul 2020

Microbiological Quality Of Ready-To-Eat Food Products In Southern Taiwan, Q.-K. Wei, S.-L. Hwang, T.-R. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was to assess the microbiological quality of commercial ready-to-eat (RTE) food products sold in southern Taiwan. A total of 126 RTE food samples, including staple, meat, seafood, and vegetarian food products, were purchased from traditional markets, supermarkets, and warehouse stores. These foods were kept at refrigerator, room temperature, or hot stored at the time of sale. Aerobic plate count (APC), coliform, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. APC in excess of 5 log CFU/g was obtained in traditional markets (27 samples), supermarkets (20 samples), and warehouse stores (15 samples). Seafood products were the most contaminated compared to …

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Effect Of Melatonin On Antioxidation In The Pc12 Cell Line After Exposure To Ethanol, Y.-M. Tseng, S.-K. Lin, J.-K. Hsiao, I.-J. Chen, J.-H. Lee, S.-H. Wu, L.-Y. Tsai Jul 2020

Effect Of Melatonin On Antioxidation In The Pc12 Cell Line After Exposure To Ethanol, Y.-M. Tseng, S.-K. Lin, J.-K. Hsiao, I.-J. Chen, J.-H. Lee, S.-H. Wu, L.-Y. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Excessive ethanol consumption may increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in the oxidative damage of tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on the antioxidative status in the PC12 cell line after exposure to ethanol. In this study, the PC12 cells were treated with the different concentrations of melatonin for 24 hr. Subsequently, the cells were incubated with a fresh medium containing 150 mM of ethanol for 4 hr. To observe the oxidative damage and evaluate the antioxidative status after acute exposure to ethanol, cell viability, percentage of lactate dehydrogenase …

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Cultivation Temperature And Length Affect The Antioxidant Activity And Total Phenolic Content Of Soybean Koji Prepared With Aspergillus Awamori, C.-H. Lin, Y.-T. Wei, R.-C. Yu, C.-C. Chou Jul 2020

Cultivation Temperature And Length Affect The Antioxidant Activity And Total Phenolic Content Of Soybean Koji Prepared With Aspergillus Awamori, C.-H. Lin, Y.-T. Wei, R.-C. Yu, C.-C. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, soybean koji was first fermented with Aspergillus awamori, a starter organism commonly used for the fermentation of sake, at 25, 30 or 35°C for a period of 1-5 days. Antioxidant activity, including DPPH radical-scavenging effect and Fe2+-chelating ability, and total phenolic content of the methanol extract of these fermented soybean koji as well as mycelial propagation of starter organism were compared. Results revealed that fermented for a same period of 3 days, the DPPH radical-scavenging effect exerted by the 30°C-koji extract was the highest showing 2.5-3.5 folds of that fermented at 25 or 35°C. The Fe2+-chelating ability …

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Comparison Of Digestion Procedures On Commercial Powdered Soup Samples For The Determination Of Trace Metal Contents By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, M. Soylak, H. Colak, M. Tuzen, O. Turkoglu, L. Elci Jul 2020

Comparison Of Digestion Procedures On Commercial Powdered Soup Samples For The Determination Of Trace Metal Contents By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, M. Soylak, H. Colak, M. Tuzen, O. Turkoglu, L. Elci

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The concentrations of copper, manganese, zinc, iron and aluminum in commercial powdered soup samples produced in Turkey were determined using flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. We compared wet, dry and microwave digestion procedures for the digestion of the soup samples. The microwave digestion procedure for the soup samples was demonstrated to be most effective due to its simplicity and quick results. The accuracy of the method was checked against a standard reference material (SRM 8418 Wheat Gluten). Contents of investigated trace metals in soup samples ranged between 0.41 and 4.78 μg/g for copper, 1.29 and 49.4 μg/g for …

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Studies On The Lactic-Fermentation Of Sugar Apple (Annona Squamosa L.) Puree, Y.-Y. Tien, C.-C. Ng, C.-C. Chang, W.-S. Tseng, S. Kotwal, Y.-T. Shyu Jul 2020

Studies On The Lactic-Fermentation Of Sugar Apple (Annona Squamosa L.) Puree, Y.-Y. Tien, C.-C. Ng, C.-C. Chang, W.-S. Tseng, S. Kotwal, Y.-T. Shyu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is a fruit tree of economic importance in Taiwan, with the fruit primarily consumed fresh. Overproduction in recent years, coupled with short shelf life and other practical issues, make practical the research into uses for sugar apples in formats other than fresh. This study presents an exploration of lactic-fermented sugar apple products. The product has a unique sweet aroma and a test panel found its texture to be appealing. For this study, sugar apple puree was used as the substrate for fermentation using mixed starters in a ratio 1:1 or 1:1:1. The high total soluble …

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Trace Heavy Metal Levels In Microwave Digested Honey Samples From Middle Anatolia, Turkey, M. Tuzen, M. Soylak Jul 2020

Trace Heavy Metal Levels In Microwave Digested Honey Samples From Middle Anatolia, Turkey, M. Tuzen, M. Soylak

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The concentrations of trace heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) in 15 different honey samples collected from 15 different farms in Middle Anatolia, Turkey, were determined by flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion. The accuracy of the method was corrected by standard reference material (NIST-SRM 1515 Apple leaves). The contents of trace metals in honey samples were found to be in the range of 1.0∼5.2 μg/g, 0.25∼1.10 μg/g, 0.18∼1.21 μg/g, 1.1∼24.2 μg/g, 17.6∼32.1 μg/kg and 10.9∼21.2 μg/kg for Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd, respectively. Results obtained are in agreement with data …

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Sensory Evaluation And Chemical Analysis Of Apis Mellifera Honey From The Arab Gulf Region, W. Kaakeh, G.G. Gadelhak Jul 2020

Sensory Evaluation And Chemical Analysis Of Apis Mellifera Honey From The Arab Gulf Region, W. Kaakeh, G.G. Gadelhak

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Twenty-one honey samples, both collected directly from the hive and purchased from retail sources, were used in this study. Significant differences existed among the samples in terms of color, smell, thickness, mouth feel (texture), taste, sweetness, and aftertaste. Water content ranged from 11.1% to 19.8% and fructose and glucose represented the major sugar forms in all 21 samples. Fructose percentages ranged from 33.1% to 39.0%. Glucose percentages ranged from 25.6% to 37.3%. Trace amounts of sucrose were detected in most honey samples, with percentages ranging from 0.10% to 0.37%. Total sugar in the samples ranged from 64.9% to 80.4%. The …

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Physicochemical Properties Of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide Enriched Fractions Of Adlay And Their Hypolipidemic Effect In Hamsters, Y.-T. Yu, T.-J. Lu, M.-T. Chiang, W. Chiang Jul 2020

Physicochemical Properties Of Water-Soluble Polysaccharide Enriched Fractions Of Adlay And Their Hypolipidemic Effect In Hamsters, Y.-T. Yu, T.-J. Lu, M.-T. Chiang, W. Chiang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

To investigate the physicochemical propertites of the water-soluble polysaccharide enriched fractions of adlay (Coix lachrymajobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) and their hypolipidemic effects, we fed the enriched fraction adlay water-soluble dietary polysaccharide (AWSP) to hamsters to evaluate the effects of AWSP on serum and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The AWSP used was extracted from dehulled adlay and its high- and low-molecular weight fractions (AWSPH and AWSPL, respectively) and prepared by 40% ethanol concentration fractionation. Hamsters fed with AWSP showed serum / hepatic total cholesterol, triglyceride and serum LDL cholesterol levels significantly lower than those in the cellulose control group. …

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Pesticide Residue Monitoring In Marketed Fresh Vegetables And Fruits In Central Taiwan (1999-2004) And An Introduction To The Haccp System, J.-M. Chang, T.-H. Chen, T.-J. Fang Jul 2020

Pesticide Residue Monitoring In Marketed Fresh Vegetables And Fruits In Central Taiwan (1999-2004) And An Introduction To The Haccp System, J.-M. Chang, T.-H. Chen, T.-J. Fang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The objectives of this study are: (1) to collect and analyze the data of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits in central Taiwan; (2) to compare the statistics of pesticide residues data in vegetables and fruits in 4 regions of Taiwan; and (3) to introduce the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system to industries and growers of vegetables and fruits for improving the safety of agricultural products. The 1999 samples of vegetables and fruits were collected from supermarkets and traditional markets by 6 local bureau of health in central Taiwan (1999-2004) and analyzed for the presence of 70∼79 pesticide …

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An Assay Of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity Obtained Using Capillary Electrophoresis, M.-C. Chiang, S.-C. Yang, K.-Y. Li, T.-C. Tsai Jul 2020

An Assay Of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity Obtained Using Capillary Electrophoresis, M.-C. Chiang, S.-C. Yang, K.-Y. Li, T.-C. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The authors developed a simple method to measure angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity using capillary electrophoresis (CE). With hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (HHL) as the substrate, we separated and quantified the enzymatic product, hippuric acid (HA) using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). CZE was performed with a 65 cm fused-silica capillary (55 cm effective length, 75 μm I.D.), using a 10 or 20 mM phosphate solution (pH 6.0) as the running buffer with an applied voltage of 20 kV at room temperature. The HA was identified and monitored at 228 nm.

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Rapid Measurement Of Retinol, Retinal, 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid And All-Trans-Retinoic Acid By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, V. Tatum, C.K. Chow Jul 2020

Rapid Measurement Of Retinol, Retinal, 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid And All-Trans-Retinoic Acid By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, V. Tatum, C.K. Chow

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An isocratic liquid chromatographic method has been developed for rapid measurements of retinol, retinal, all-trans-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid. Using 85% methanol and 15% 0.01 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.2, as the mobile phase and at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, retinol, retinal, all-trans-retinoic acid and 13-cis-retinoic acid were eluted from a 5 μm C18 reversed-phase column (4.6 mm I.D., 15 cm) in less than 14 min. Retinyl acetate, when desired, was eluted in 25.5 min under the above conditions. Each compound was detected at the most sensitive wavelength by coupling fluorescence and UV detection.

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Dietary Flavonoids Suppress Adipogenesis In 3t3-L1 Preadipocytes, P.-J. Chien, Y.-C. Chen, S.-C. Lu, F. Sheu Jul 2020

Dietary Flavonoids Suppress Adipogenesis In 3t3-L1 Preadipocytes, P.-J. Chien, Y.-C. Chen, S.-C. Lu, F. Sheu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study examined how dietary flavonoids, including catechin, quercetin and kaempferol, affect the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Eight days following induction for differentiation with MDI-medium and simultaneously with the tested flavonoids (day 8), our study found significantly reduced (p < 0.05) intracellular triacylglycerol accumulations of 3T3-L1 cells. This compared positively against the smaller reduction in accumulation found in the vehicle control. This suppressing effect was found to be dose-dependent, and a 54.4%, 45.7% and 29.9% decrease of triacylglycerol production was observed for catechin, quercetin and kaempferol (25-100 μM), respectively. Additionally, RT-PCR assays demonstrated that catechin, quercetin and kaempferol markedly reduced the mRNA expressions of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ and SREBP-1, which are key transcription-factors for 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. These results suggest that dietary flavonoids suppress 3T3-L1 differentiation by down-regulating adipogenic transcription-factors. Further study recommended to explore the potential health benefits of catechin, quercetin and kaempferol in the control of body weight.

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Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 13 (1)), Skip Jul 2020

Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 13 (1)), Skip

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

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Simultaneous Analysis Of Ten Components In Patch Preparation Of Wan-Yin-Gau By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, H.-L. Lay, C.-C. Chen, S.-C. Huang, T.-M. Cham, T.-S. Wu Jul 2020

Simultaneous Analysis Of Ten Components In Patch Preparation Of Wan-Yin-Gau By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, H.-L. Lay, C.-C. Chen, S.-C. Huang, T.-M. Cham, T.-S. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A facile HPLC method for the reduction and quantitative measurement of ten marker substances, the active ingredients in formula preparation of Wan-Yin-Gau, was established under the gradient elution in the reversed-phase mode. These marker substances included cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamomi Cortex), isoimperatorin (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma), ferulic acid (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), paeoniflorin (Paeoniae Radix), glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizae Radix), harpagoside (Scrophulariae Radix), emodin, sennoside A, and sennoside B (Rhei Rhizoma). The ingredients in the water-based and oil-based patches from different manufactures were also analyzed for quality evaluation. Extracted samples were analyzed with reverse-phase column (Inertsil 5 ODS-2, 4.6 i.d. × …

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Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides As Related To Antioxidant Properties Of Chicken Essence, H.-C. Wu, B.S. Pan, C.-L. Chang, C.-Y. Shiau Jul 2020

Low-Molecular-Weight Peptides As Related To Antioxidant Properties Of Chicken Essence, H.-C. Wu, B.S. Pan, C.-L. Chang, C.-Y. Shiau

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Different antioxidant measurements, including the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, scavenging effect on α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, reducing power, and chelating abilities of metal ions Cu2+ and Fe2+, showed that the extract of chicken essence possessed antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activity increased with increasing concentration. Chicken essence contained a considerable amount of free amino acids, of which taurine was the predominant compound. Low-molecular-weight peptides were also present in a large quantity. An extraordinary feature was that the product contained high levels of potent antioxidants, anserine and carnosine. Three antioxidant peptide fractions of chicken essence were separated by size exclusion chromatography. The …

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Fluorescence Versus Radioactivity For Assaying Antifungal Compound Inhibited Yeast 1,3-Β-Glucan Synthase Activity, Y.-T. Ko, W.-Y. Cheng Jul 2020

Fluorescence Versus Radioactivity For Assaying Antifungal Compound Inhibited Yeast 1,3-Β-Glucan Synthase Activity, Y.-T. Ko, W.-Y. Cheng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Yeast membrane (1,3)-β-glucan synthase (GS; EC 2.4.1.34) activity was assayed by a fluorescent dye-binding method and a conventional radioactivity method to compare its in vitro inhibition by the echinocandin-class antifungal compound. In the fluorescence method, GS-containing microsomal plasma membrane was first reacted with UDP-glucose substrate to form the 1,3-β-glucan product. The product was then solubilized and bound specifically with aniline blue to form a 1,3-β-glucan-fluorochrome dye complex for reporting the GS activity. The effect of each component in the GS assay buffer on fluorescence was examined. A calibration curve was constructed using yeast glucan as standard. In addition, the GS …

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Ochratoxin A Contamination In Coffees, Cereals, Red Wines And Beers In Taiwan, L.-C. Lin, P.-C. Chen, Y.-M. Fu, D.Y.-C. Shih Jul 2020

Ochratoxin A Contamination In Coffees, Cereals, Red Wines And Beers In Taiwan, L.-C. Lin, P.-C. Chen, Y.-M. Fu, D.Y.-C. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) was performed using immunoaffinity column for cleanup, HPLC for quantification and chemical derivation and LC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation. The detection limits for coffees, cereals and red wines and beers were 0.1, 0.3 and 0.2 ppb, respectively. The recoveries of OTA from coffees were 97.2 ± 4.9, 97.3 ± 3.1 and 95.4 ± 0.4% at 2, 4 and 8 ppb spiked levels, respectively. Spiked 0.3, 3 and 5 ppb OTA in cereals (mainly rice and wheat based food), the recoveries were 89.6 ± 5.1, 99.6 ± 1.4 and 90.2 ± 1.4%. The recoveries …

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Lipid Profile And Oxidative Stability Of Commercial Egg Products, L.-Y. Liu, M.-H. Yang, J.-H. Lin, M.-H. Lee Jul 2020

Lipid Profile And Oxidative Stability Of Commercial Egg Products, L.-Y. Liu, M.-H. Yang, J.-H. Lin, M.-H. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This work was conducted to investigate the quality of lipids in various commercial egg products. Lipids of egg yolk were extracted from fresh egg, Pidan (preserved egg), tea egg, simmered egg, iron egg (deeply simmered and dried egg) and salted egg by Folch reagent, a mixture of chloroform and methanol at 2:1 volume ratio. The extracts and commercial yolk oil were analyzed to determine lipid profile, fatty acid composition, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA value), acid value and peroxide value. Results showed that the quality of yolk lipids was quite different. The lipid content ranged from 27% for Pidan to 46% …

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Analysis Of Flavonoids In Propolis By Capillary Electrophoresis, S.-H. Fu, M.-H. Yang, H.-M. Wen, J.-C. Chern Jul 2020

Analysis Of Flavonoids In Propolis By Capillary Electrophoresis, S.-H. Fu, M.-H. Yang, H.-M. Wen, J.-C. Chern

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Flavonoid contents of nine raw and nine commercial propolis samples were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. At first, 15 commercially available flavonoid standards including apigenin, chrysin, luteolin, galangin, kaempferol, morin, myricetin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, hesperetin, naringin, naringenin, daidzein and genistein were used to develop the electrophoretic conditions. At a running temperature of 25°C and detection wavelength at 214 nm, the separation of these standards was most satisfactorily achieved by a combination of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), utilizing 0.1 M borate buffer (pH 9.5) containing 5% methanol under a voltage of 18 kV, and micellar electrokinetic capillary electrophoresis (MECC), utilizing 0.03 M …

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Simultaneous Application Of Hydrostatic Pressure And Microbial Transglutaminase As Pretreatment To Improve The Physicochemical Properties Of Heat-Induced Gels From Tilapia Surimi Paste, C.-W. Hsieh, C.-H. Lai, H.-C. Hsieh, W.-C. Ko Jul 2020

Simultaneous Application Of Hydrostatic Pressure And Microbial Transglutaminase As Pretreatment To Improve The Physicochemical Properties Of Heat-Induced Gels From Tilapia Surimi Paste, C.-W. Hsieh, C.-H. Lai, H.-C. Hsieh, W.-C. Ko

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tilapia pastes were subjected to pretreatment using a combination of hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) (0.1 to 300 MPa/25°C/60 mm) and simultaneous addition of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) (0.044 unit/g of paste), which was followed by cooking at 90°C for 20 mm, to investigate the changes in the physicochemical properties of heat-induced gels. The pretreatment with MTGase at 300 MPa produced a gel having the strongest breaking force and strain compared with all the other treatments in the study; the gel strength was 3.5 times higher than that of the gel obtained by the 300 MPa treatment without adding MTGase. The combined …

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Effect Of Deep Sea Water On The Exercise-Induced Fatigue Of Rats, S.-T. Wang, D.-F. Hwang, R.-H. Chen, Y.-C. Chen, C.-W. Liang, C.-S. Lin, M.-L. Tsai Jul 2020

Effect Of Deep Sea Water On The Exercise-Induced Fatigue Of Rats, S.-T. Wang, D.-F. Hwang, R.-H. Chen, Y.-C. Chen, C.-W. Liang, C.-S. Lin, M.-L. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study is to investigate the effect of deep sea water (DSW) on the exercise-induced fatigue of rats. The exhaustive exercise test on the treadmill and the measurement of biochemical values related to fatigue were conducted after the two-week feeding to male Wistar rats with different hardnesses DSW (DRO, D100, D600) in different dosages (6, 12, 30 mL/kg·d). It was found that the exhausting time and the ratio of lactic acid elimination to lactic acid increment from the experiment groups were significantly better than those from the control group. The BUN level of rats fed with D100 in a dosage …

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Induction Of Apoptosis Of A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line By Dehydrocostus Lactone Isolated From Glossogyne Tenuifolia, H.-F. Hsu, Y.-C. Wu, L.-C. Chen, J.-Y. Houng Jul 2020

Induction Of Apoptosis Of A549 Lung Cancer Cell Line By Dehydrocostus Lactone Isolated From Glossogyne Tenuifolia, H.-F. Hsu, Y.-C. Wu, L.-C. Chen, J.-Y. Houng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Glossogyne tenufolia is a traditional antipyretic and hepatoprotective herb used in Taiwan. In this study, dehydrocostus lactone (DL, 6-hydroxy-guaia-4(15) , 10(14), 11(13)-trien-12-oic acid lactone) and mokko lactone (ML, 4(15), 10(14)-guaiadien-12,6-olide lactone) were isolated from the crude extract of G. tenufolia. Structures of these two compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. These two sesquiterpene lactones were identified for the first time from G. tenufolia. From cytotoxicity tests, DL inhibited the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas the cytotoxicity of ML on A549 cells was unimportant. The cytometric analysis showed that the A549 cells …

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Dietary Caffeic Acid, Ferulic Acid And Coumaric Acid Supplements On Cholesterol Metabolism And Antioxidant Activity In Rats, Y.-H. Yeh, Y.-T. Lee, H.-S. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang Jul 2020

Dietary Caffeic Acid, Ferulic Acid And Coumaric Acid Supplements On Cholesterol Metabolism And Antioxidant Activity In Rats, Y.-H. Yeh, Y.-T. Lee, H.-S. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was designed to test the lipid-lowering and antioxidative activities of three phenolic compounds, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and coumaric acid. Four groups of rats were given a semisynthetic diet containing 3% of cholesterol for 6 weeks. The control group only received a high cholesterol diet, whereas the other three groups received a diet including 0.2% of caffeic acid, 0.2% of ferulic acid and 0.2% of coumaric acid. The caffeic acid, ferulic acid and coumaric acid significantly lowered the plasma lipid and hepatic cholesterol levels compared to those in the control (p < 0.05). The hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in the caffeic acid group than in the ferulic acid and coumaric acid groups (p < 0.05), while the hepatic ACAT activity was significantly lower in the caffeic acid, ferulic acid and coumaric acid groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The overall potential of the antioxidant system was significantly enhanced by the caffeic acid, ferulic acid and coumaric acid supplements as the plasma and hepatic TBARS levels were lowered while the hepatic SOD activities and GSH concentration were elevated in the high-cholesterol-fed rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, these results indicated that the supplementation of caffeic acid, ferulic acid and coumaric acid boosted the antioxidant activity in rats and promoted the excretion of neutral sterol and acidic sterol (p < 0.05), thereby leading to a decreased absorption of dietary cholesterol as well as lower plasma, hepatic cholesterol and promoted excretion of fecal sterols.

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