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2020

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Amaranthus Spinosus L. Inhibits Spontaneous And Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis In Murine Primary Splenocytes, J.-Y. Lin, C.-Y. Li, B.-F. Lin Jul 2020

Amaranthus Spinosus L. Inhibits Spontaneous And Dexamethasone-Induced Apoptosis In Murine Primary Splenocytes, J.-Y. Lin, C.-Y. Li, B.-F. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Amaranthus spinosus L. (thorny amaranth) is traditionally selected to be an anti-diabetic herb in Taiwan. This study assessed the immuno-modulatory effects of wild A. spinosus water extract (WASWE) on spontaneous and dexamethasone (DEX)-induced apoptosis in murine primary splenocytes. The cultured splenocytes treated with WASWE products were harvested and analyzed to assess their apoptotic status according to DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed WASWE inhibited the spontaneous and DEX-induced apoptosis of splenocytes. Furthermore, both WASWE and its activated charcoal-treated sample administered at concentration of 1.250 mg/mL inhibited intracellular protein levels of p53 (an apoptotic inducer …

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In Vitro Activation Of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Α By Some Extracts From Food Materials, C.-Y. Chao, C.-J. Huang Jul 2020

In Vitro Activation Of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Α By Some Extracts From Food Materials, C.-Y. Chao, C.-J. Huang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport. Activators of PPARα may be potential hypolipidemic agents, like the fibrate-type drugs. This study was therefore aimed at identifying potential hypolipidemic functional foods by screening activators of PPARα from food materials. CHO-K1 cells were stably transfected with vectors (pBKCMV) carrying cDNAs of a (UAS)4-tk-alkaline phosphatase reporter and a chimeric receptor Gal4-PPARα LBD successively. Clones of cells responsive to Wy-14643, a known PPARα activator were selected, characterized and used for testing the PPARα activating potency of fractions extracted …

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Isolation And Identification Of A Novel Sildenafil Analogue Adulterated In Dietary Supplements, M.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Liu, Y.-L. Lin, J.-H. Lin Jul 2020

Isolation And Identification Of A Novel Sildenafil Analogue Adulterated In Dietary Supplements, M.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Liu, Y.-L. Lin, J.-H. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A suspected sildenafil analogue (1) was firstly detected from dietary supplements, which claimed for energy enforcement, by TLC and UV method. The UV spectrum of this suspected compound showed close similar pattern to that of acetildenafil (2, sildenafil analogue). In order to identify this compound, separation and purification were carried out as well as structure determination was conducted by various NMR techniques, mass spectrum and IR. This new compound 1 had an acetyl group instead of sulfonyl-N-methylpiperazine moiety in sildenafil (3), and its structure was determined as 5-[2-ethoxy-5-acetyl-phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6- dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (molecular formula C19H22N4O3, molecular weight 354). So far no related report …

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Antibacterial Activity And Antioxidant Properties Of Water Extract From The Residue Of Jelly Fig (Ficus Awkeotsang Makino) Achenes, Y.-J. Lai, J.-N. Chen, J.S.-B. Wu Jul 2020

Antibacterial Activity And Antioxidant Properties Of Water Extract From The Residue Of Jelly Fig (Ficus Awkeotsang Makino) Achenes, Y.-J. Lai, J.-N. Chen, J.S.-B. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The water extract from the residue of jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) achenes (WERJFA) was found to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coil O157:H7 effectively. The antioxidant activity of WERJFA was evaluated in radical scavenging activity, reducing capacity, ferrous ions chelating activity, total antioxidant activity, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. The reducing capacity of WERJFA at 150 μg/mL and higher was found to be better than those of α-tocopherol and BHA at the same concentration. The ferrous ion chelating activity of WERJFA was higher than that of citric acid. The antioxidant activity, the superoxide anions radical scavenging …

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Application Of Column Solid Phase Extraction Of Chromium For Indirect Determination Of Ascorbic Acid By Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, A.R. Tüurker, O. Yalçinkaya, A. Tunçeli Jul 2020

Application Of Column Solid Phase Extraction Of Chromium For Indirect Determination Of Ascorbic Acid By Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, A.R. Tüurker, O. Yalçinkaya, A. Tunçeli

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An indirect method for the determination of ascorbic acid in fruit juice and vitamin C tablets by flame atomic absorption specrometry was described. This method is based on the reduction of chromium (VI) to chromium(III) with the reducing action of ascorbic acid, separation of unreacted Cr(VI) as its 1,5-diphenilcarbazide complex on a column filled with Amberlite XAD-16, elution of the complex by 10 mL of 0.05 mol L-1 H2SO4 in methanol, and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Amount of the ascorbic acid was calculated from the amount of Cr(VI) reacted with ascorbic acid. The optimum conditions for the determination …

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Antioxidant Activity Of Phenolic Compounds Extracted From Fresh And Dried Water Caltrop Pulp (Trapa Taiwanensis Nakai), P.-Y. Chiang, J.-Y. Ciou, L.-C. Hsieh Jul 2020

Antioxidant Activity Of Phenolic Compounds Extracted From Fresh And Dried Water Caltrop Pulp (Trapa Taiwanensis Nakai), P.-Y. Chiang, J.-Y. Ciou, L.-C. Hsieh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Water caltrop (Thapa taiwanensis Nakai) was used as the raw material to investigate the effects of drying treatments on the antioxidant activities and phenolic compounds of water caltrop. For methanolic extracts from fresh, freeze dried, and hot air dried samples, at 10 mg/ mL, the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was 87.2%, 61.4% and 52.1%, respectively. At 10 mg/mL, the reducing power was 1.63, 0.81 and 0.52, respectively. At 40 mg/mL, the chelating ability on copper ions was 29.6%, 14.8% and 34.3%, respectively. The IC50, half inhibition concentration is the concentration, at which the radicals or ions was scavenged …

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Effect Of Taurine On Toxicity Of Oxidized Cholesterol In Rats, Y.-H. Yeh, M.-H. Chen, Y.-T. Lee, H.-S. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang Jul 2020

Effect Of Taurine On Toxicity Of Oxidized Cholesterol In Rats, Y.-H. Yeh, M.-H. Chen, Y.-T. Lee, H.-S. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This research was aimed to study the effect of dietary taurine on the toxicity of oxidized cholesterol in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into eight groups and fed different diets with or without supplement of 5% taurine and 3% oxidized cholesterol for 8 weeks. To evaluate effects of taurine at the same time, before diets and after diets in the food, after feeding diet with 3% oxidized cholesterol and 5% taurine at the same time, taurine could improve the decrease of body weight and the glutathione (GSH) level in the liver, and the increase of relative ratio of …

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Ion Exchange And Ion Exclusion Chromatographic Characterization Of Wines Using Conductivity Detection, B. Prusisz, K. Mulica, P. Pohl Jul 2020

Ion Exchange And Ion Exclusion Chromatographic Characterization Of Wines Using Conductivity Detection, B. Prusisz, K. Mulica, P. Pohl

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

High performance ion chromatography system employing ion exchange and ion exclusion modes was used for the separation and quantitative analysis of tartarate, malate, citrate, lactate, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in 15 wines originated worldwide. All anions were measured by means of conductivity detection. Analytical figures of merit were assessed and reported for all analyzed ions. In addition, the classic physicochemical properties of wines, i.e. color, acidity and density, were determined. Correlations between measured variables were evaluated and discussed. The proposed procedure is exceptionally simple and requires only regular instrumentation; nevertheless, it provides possibility for …

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Effect Of Carbon And Nitrogen Sources On The Production And Carbohydrate Composition Of Exopolysaccharide By Submerged Culture Of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus, C.-Y. Wu, Z.-C. Liang, C.-P. Lu, S.-H. Wu Jul 2020

Effect Of Carbon And Nitrogen Sources On The Production And Carbohydrate Composition Of Exopolysaccharide By Submerged Culture Of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus, C.-Y. Wu, Z.-C. Liang, C.-P. Lu, S.-H. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in submerged culture of Pleurotus citrinopileatus, and the variation of carbohydrate compositions in EPS during various culture conditions. The most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for mycelial biomass and EPS production by P. citrinopileatus were fructose and yeast peptone powder. The carbohydrate compositions of EPS were determined to be mannose, galactose, glucose, xylose and fucose, which indicated EPS as heteroglycan or a mixture of glycans. The main carbohydrate composition in EPS from P. citrinopileatus was mannose after incubation of 14 days …

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Seasonal Variations In Yield, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids And Proximate Compositions Of Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus Lividus) Roe, S. Mol, T. Baygar, C. Varlik, Ş.Y. Tosun Jul 2020

Seasonal Variations In Yield, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids And Proximate Compositions Of Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus Lividus) Roe, S. Mol, T. Baygar, C. Varlik, Ş.Y. Tosun

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) roes are popular delicacy to human. In this study, seasonal variations in the yield, fatty acid, amino acid and proximate compositions of sea urchin roe were studied. The average yield was 5.45 ± 2.21%. Protein, crude fat, moisture, ash and carbohydrate contents were 12.03 ± 1.26%, 3.05 ± 0.50%, 79.87 ± 1.43%, 2.25 ± 0.24%, and 2.80 ± 2.41%, respectively. The fatty acids of C16:0, C20:5 n3 and C22:2 n6 were the important fatty acids, whereas the major amino acids were glutamic acid (non-essential, NE), glycine (NE), aspartic acid (NE), lysine (essential, E) and arginine (NE). …

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Total Phenolics Content And Antioxidant Activity Of Extracts From Dried Water Caltrop (Trapa Taiwanensis Nakai) Hulls, J.-Y. Ciou, C.-C.R. Wang, J. Chen, P.-Y. Chiang Jul 2020

Total Phenolics Content And Antioxidant Activity Of Extracts From Dried Water Caltrop (Trapa Taiwanensis Nakai) Hulls, J.-Y. Ciou, C.-C.R. Wang, J. Chen, P.-Y. Chiang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This study was conducted to compare the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of extracts from fresh (FS), freeze-dried (FD) and hot air-dried (HD) water caltrop hulls. The antioxidant properties, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and cupric ion chelating ability were evaluated along with alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in this study. The result showed that total phenolics content of methanolic extracts ranged from 5.21-8.59 g GAE/100 g, and the extracts of FS exhibited a substantial total phenolics content (8.59 g GAE/100 g) compared with other dried samples. It was found that the antioxidative effect of water …

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Production Of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Derived From Egg White Protein Hydrolysates Using A Membrane Reactor, W.-D. Chiang, M.-J. Tsou, C.-H. Weng, T.-C. Tsai Jul 2020

Production Of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Derived From Egg White Protein Hydrolysates Using A Membrane Reactor, W.-D. Chiang, M.-J. Tsou, C.-H. Weng, T.-C. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Egg white proteins (EWP) were hydrolyzed with four proteolytic enzymes, including Thermolysin, Alcalase, Esperase and Chymotrysin, to produce hydrolysates with angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The result indicated that EWP hydrolyzed for 0.5-24 hr with Thermolysin produced the highest ACE inhibitory activity among the four enzymes. Therefore, EWP-Thermolysin hydrolysate was produced and further fractionated using several membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 10,000, 3,000 and 1,000 daltons, sequentially. The 1 kDa permeate obtained from the hydrolysate treatment using 1,000 daltons MWCO membrane could further reduce its IC50 value from 54.1 to 17.2 μg protein/mL. A lower IC50 value …

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Toxicity Of Panax Genseng - An Herbal Medicine And Dietary Supplement, P.-C. Chan, P.P. Fu Jul 2020

Toxicity Of Panax Genseng - An Herbal Medicine And Dietary Supplement, P.-C. Chan, P.P. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal dietary supplements in the U.S. market, with five to six million persons using it even before the recent boom in the herbal supplement industry. Ginsana (G115 ginseng), a standardized extract of Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng, also called Chinese or Korean ginseng) controls half of this market. Numerous reports of adverse effects from products containing ginseng have been filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The literature also documents "ginseng abuse syndrome" among regular users. The chronic effects of ginseng are not well characterized. Because of its significant human exposure and …

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From Pharmacovigilance To Pharmacovigilance Planning - The System Building For Safe Medication, H.-P. Wang, C.-L. Wang, W.-N. Yu, S.-H. Hsu, Y.-W. Huang, Y.-L. Lin, Y.-L. Leu, C.-Y. Lee Jul 2020

From Pharmacovigilance To Pharmacovigilance Planning - The System Building For Safe Medication, H.-P. Wang, C.-L. Wang, W.-N. Yu, S.-H. Hsu, Y.-W. Huang, Y.-L. Lin, Y.-L. Leu, C.-Y. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The concept of pharmacovigilance planning (PVP) was initiated by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) in 2004 and followed by the publication of Topic ICH E2E Guideline. However, the implementation of PVP in societies like Taiwan where irrational medication or co-medication of conventional medicine with complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) is prevalent, became a challenge. This report aimed to (1) introduce the concept of PVP and the importance of evidence-based justification of medicinal products for risk prevention and minimization, (2) summarize the scientific evidence regarding the sites and mechanisms of drug-drug or drug-CAM interactions along the biological processing of xenobiotics and identify …

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Quality Assurance Of Chinese Herbal Medicines (Chms), Z. Zhao, P. Xiao, Y. Xiao, J.P.S. Yuen Jul 2020

Quality Assurance Of Chinese Herbal Medicines (Chms), Z. Zhao, P. Xiao, Y. Xiao, J.P.S. Yuen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

As more and more people worldwide are using Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs), the safety of their use has raised international concern. Authentication and standardization of CHMs are needed. Authentication of a CHM includes both identifying its botanical origin and evaluating its pharmaceutical quality. In this paper, the important parameters for quality assurance are discussed. Quality control methods such as the examination of taxonomic, morphological and/or microscopic characters, fingerprint chromatography, DNA molecular marker are described and compared. Some topics related to herbal quality control such as contamination, processing as well as the new method MALDI-TOFMS are also introduced. Finally, modernization of …

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A Simple Multi-Residue Method For Determination Of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline And Chlortetracycline In Export Buffalo Meat By Hplc-Photodiode Array Detector, A.K. Biswas, G.S. Rao, N. Kondaiah, A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, S.K. Mendiratta, R. Prasad, J.K. Malik Jul 2020

A Simple Multi-Residue Method For Determination Of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline And Chlortetracycline In Export Buffalo Meat By Hplc-Photodiode Array Detector, A.K. Biswas, G.S. Rao, N. Kondaiah, A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, S.K. Mendiratta, R. Prasad, J.K. Malik

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The development of a simple, rapid and sensitive method for residue monitoring of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) in buffalo meat samples is described. The principal steps involved extraction in McIIvaine buffer (pH 3.85) followed by a solid phase clean up step. In HPLC, a reversed phase C8 (RP-C8) column was used and compounds were separated at 35°C using a mobile phase of 0.01 M oxalic acid buffer (pH 1.6)/acetonitrile/methanol (77:18:5, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. A wavelength of PDA detector was set at 355 nm. The detection limit of the method was calculated to …

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A Study On The Analytical Methods For Total Dietary Fiber In Fructan-Containing Foods, S.-C. Tsai, S.-F. Lu, W.-W. Yu, H.-C. Lin, W. Fu Jul 2020

A Study On The Analytical Methods For Total Dietary Fiber In Fructan-Containing Foods, S.-C. Tsai, S.-F. Lu, W.-W. Yu, H.-C. Lin, W. Fu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The fructans, inulin and oligofructose, were known to possess many of the physiologic properties of dietary fiber (DF). However, they were not listed as DF on labels of foods that contained them, because they cannot be completely recovered by the precipitate of AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method. The main goal of this study was therefore to develop a quantitative method for total DF in fructan-containing foods. Evaluation was carefully done by combining AOAC 985.29 DF method and AOAC 999.03 fructans method. In addition to three commercial fructan products, asparagus and tea drink samples were selected and spiked with fructans to carry out …

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Change In Phenolic Compound Content, Reductive Capacity And Ace Inhibitory Activity In Noni Juice During Traditional Fermentation, S.-C. Yang, T.-I. Chen, K.-Y. Li, T.-C. Tsai Jul 2020

Change In Phenolic Compound Content, Reductive Capacity And Ace Inhibitory Activity In Noni Juice During Traditional Fermentation, S.-C. Yang, T.-I. Chen, K.-Y. Li, T.-C. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Morinda citrifolia L., also known as noni, has a long history of traditional use in the Hawaiian and Taihitian islands as cure-all medicine. Recently, commercial noni juice products have been imported from different countries and delivered directly to consumers with claims of multiple health benefits, including anti-cancer and immuno-stimulating activities. In this study, phenolic compounds content, free radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities were determined in two noni juices with different extent of maturity from traditional fermentation process. Ripe noni fruits gave higher juice yield with a lighter color. In general, juice from ripe fruits contained higher total quantities …

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Isolation And Analysis Of A Novel Protoglycan From Zizyphus Jujuba Cv. Jinsixiaozao, J.-W. Li, Y.-Y. Chen, S.-D. Ding, L.-F. Zhang Jul 2020

Isolation And Analysis Of A Novel Protoglycan From Zizyphus Jujuba Cv. Jinsixiaozao, J.-W. Li, Y.-Y. Chen, S.-D. Ding, L.-F. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller) is a well-known oriental medicinal plant that has various biological activities. In this study, a novel water-soluble proteoglycan (ZSG4b) was isolated from Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jinsixiaozao and its effect on the complement system was investigated. ZSG4b was extracted with hot water and purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. It was eluted as a single symmetrical narrow peak on high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and the average molecular weight was estimated to be 1.4 × 105 Da. ZSG4b contained 83.5% glycan and 9.7% protein. Gas chromatography analysis result indicated that the glycan portion of …

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Use Of Solid Phase Extraction For Sample Clean-Up And Preconcentration Of Vitamin B12 In Multivitamin Tablet Before Hplc-Uv, Uv And Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, M.R. Hadjmohammadi, V. Sharifi Jul 2020

Use Of Solid Phase Extraction For Sample Clean-Up And Preconcentration Of Vitamin B12 In Multivitamin Tablet Before Hplc-Uv, Uv And Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, M.R. Hadjmohammadi, V. Sharifi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A solid phase extraction method for sample clean-up and preconcentration of vitamin B12 in multivitamin tablet and its determination by HPLC-UV, UV and atomic absorption spectrophotometry is reported. Solid phase parameters such as maximum loading capacity and breakthrough volume were 400 μg and 1750 mL of 0.001 ppm for this vitamin respectively. A proper mobile phase used for HPLC was water/acetonitrile (75:25, v/v) with pH = 3.5 (adjusted with acetate buffer) at 25°C. Limit of detection and linear dynamic range for HPLC, UV and atomic absorption were 0.1, 0.1-25.0; 0.4, 0.4 -15.0; 2.7, 2.7-300.0 (μg/mL) respectively. Recovery of vitamin B12 …

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Hydrolysates From Tuna Cooking Juice As An Anti-Hypertensive Agent, K.-C. Hsu, M.-L. Cheng, J.-S. Hwang Jul 2020

Hydrolysates From Tuna Cooking Juice As An Anti-Hypertensive Agent, K.-C. Hsu, M.-L. Cheng, J.-S. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Tuna cooking juice containing 4% protein was hydrolyzed using a commercial protease, Orientase from Bacillus subtilis, to prepare hydrolysate (OAH) that inhibits angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) dropped by 18 mmHg in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) 2hr after being orally administered the hydrolysate at 0.25g hydrolysate/kg body weight, and reduced, from 172 mmHg to 150 and 142 mmHg for those administered with lyophilized OAH at 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg body weight, respectively. This indicated that the lowering effect on SBP was dose-dependent. Constituents derived from the gel filtration of OAH with molecular weight ranging from 240-565 …

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Beneficial Effects Of Plant Sterols/Stanols-Containing Milk Powder On Lipid Metabolism In Hamsters, C.-C. Ho, Y.-L. Chein, L.S. Hwang Jul 2020

Beneficial Effects Of Plant Sterols/Stanols-Containing Milk Powder On Lipid Metabolism In Hamsters, C.-C. Ho, Y.-L. Chein, L.S. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effect of plant sterols/stanols-containing milk powder (phytosterol milk powder, PSMP, containing 2.78% phytosterols mixture) on lipid metabolism in hamsters was investigated. One hundred male 7-week-old Golden Syrian hamsters were given free access to regular rodent chow and water for 1 week to acclimatize. Four extremely (10%) over- and underweight hamsters were eliminated. Sixteen hamsters were killed and examined for plasma and liver lipid compositions to establish the baseline. The remaining hamster were randomly divided into 5 groups, each group of hamsters had statistically similar average body weight, but fed with different experimental diets for 4 weeks. All 5 groups …

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Comparison Of The Terpene Lactones And Flavonols Contents In G. Biloba Commercial Samples And The Nist Standard Reference Materials Using Lc/Uv/Ms, O. Mustafa, M. Brendan, C. Pei Jul 2020

Comparison Of The Terpene Lactones And Flavonols Contents In G. Biloba Commercial Samples And The Nist Standard Reference Materials Using Lc/Uv/Ms, O. Mustafa, M. Brendan, C. Pei

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba has purported value for improving mental capacities in Alzheimer's patients. The flavonols and the terpene lactones are considered to be the two major groups of active components that influence human health. Almost all the clinical studies regarding G. Biloba were using either EGb 761®, a proprietary extract of G. Biloba leaves, or an extract prepared according to the standard set by it. Consequently, most of the commercial G. Biloba products were labeled with their content accordingly. This paper studied the compositions of both flavonols and terpene lactones of seven commercially available G. Biloba products …

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Molecular Identification And Analysis Of Psidium Guajava L. From Indigenous Tribes Of Taiwan, T.-W. Chen, C.-C. Ng, C.-Y. Wang, Y.-T. Shyu Jul 2020

Molecular Identification And Analysis Of Psidium Guajava L. From Indigenous Tribes Of Taiwan, T.-W. Chen, C.-C. Ng, C.-Y. Wang, Y.-T. Shyu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Psidium guajava L. is a perennial fruit tree in subtropical and tropical areas. In Taiwan, P. guajava has been used as anthro-pharmacological plants by aboriginal people to treat acute diarrhea, cough and intestinal spasmodic diseases. The classification and functional identification of P. guajava remains unsolved these days. In this study, molecular markers 18S rRNA, internal transcribe spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA, trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer (IGS) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were used for the molecular identification of 18 P. guajava samples from different indigenous tribes, 2 from non-indigenous tribe, and 12 …

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Interleukin-10 Administration Inhibits Tnf-Α And Il-1Β, But Not Il-6, Secretion Of Lps-Stimulated Peritoneal Macrophages, J.-Y. Lin, C.-Y. Tang Jul 2020

Interleukin-10 Administration Inhibits Tnf-Α And Il-1Β, But Not Il-6, Secretion Of Lps-Stimulated Peritoneal Macrophages, J.-Y. Lin, C.-Y. Tang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

We hypothesize that exogenous administration of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 would affect the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages exuded from the peritoneal cavity of female BALB/c mice. The LPS-stimulated macrophages were incubated for 48 hr to investigate the secretions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine. The results indicated that the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α by LPS-stimulated macrophages elevated in a time dependent manner during 48-hr incubation period. The amount of cytokines secretion by LPS-stimulated macrophages varied: IL-6 > TNF-α > IL-10 > IL-1β. However, the secretion of IL-10 …

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Characterization Of Volatiles In Guava (Psidium Guajava L. Cv. Chung-Shan-Yueh-Pa) Fruit From Taiwan, H.-C. Chen, M.-J. Sheu, C.-M. Wu Jul 2020

Characterization Of Volatiles In Guava (Psidium Guajava L. Cv. Chung-Shan-Yueh-Pa) Fruit From Taiwan, H.-C. Chen, M.-J. Sheu, C.-M. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Chung-Shan-Yueh-Pa) is a cultivar used for juice processing in Taiwan because of its aroma. Volatile compounds were isolated from guava fruit by simultaneous steam distillation and solvent extraction according to the Likens-Nickerson method. Compounds were identified by capillary GC-MS and sensorily characterized by GC-sniffing. A total of sixty five compounds were identified. The major constituents identified in the guava fruits were: α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, β-caryophyllene, nerolidol, globulol, C6 aldehydes, C6 alcohols, ethyl hexanoate and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. The presence of C6 aldehydes, C6 alcohols ethyl hexanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, terpenes and 1,8-cineole is thought to contribute to the …

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Down-Regulation Of Fatty Acid Synthase Is Associated With Decreased Akt Activation In Lovastatin Induced Apoptosis Cells, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Huang, C.-M. Shih, J.-Y. Wu, C.-L. Liu, S.-H. Wang, C.-M. Lin Jul 2020

Down-Regulation Of Fatty Acid Synthase Is Associated With Decreased Akt Activation In Lovastatin Induced Apoptosis Cells, Y.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Huang, C.-M. Shih, J.-Y. Wu, C.-L. Liu, S.-H. Wang, C.-M. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Increased fatty acid synthase (FAS) protein expression is coordinated with cancer development. FAS inhibitors become a focus of anticancer drug development. Lovastatin, one of the active ingredients in red yeast rice, is a product of Monascus purpureus. Lovastatin has been shown to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells. This report shows that chemopreventive effects of lovastatin may be through the down regulation of FAS. Lovastatin exhibited significant apoptosis-inducing activity in HL-60 cells, as observed by flow cytometry (with 49.83% in sub-GI peak compared to the control, 10.43%), blebbing cell membrane morphology, and nuclear condensation. …

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Protein Hydrolysate Batch Production With Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity Form Egg Whites, W.-D. Chiang, M.-J. Lee, W.-S. Guo, T.-C. Tsai Jul 2020

Protein Hydrolysate Batch Production With Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity Form Egg Whites, W.-D. Chiang, M.-J. Lee, W.-S. Guo, T.-C. Tsai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Peptides derived from egg whites by thermolysin digestion were fractionated and characterized to investigate their inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The antihypertensive effect of egg white hydrolysates in strain SHR spontaneously hypertensive rats was also investigated. At optimal conditions, pH 8, 60°C, and (E)/(S) = 0.02%, digestion of 1% crude egg white solution by thermolysin was carried for 4 hours. The recovery yield from the supernatant after centrifugation was around 80%. The hydrolysate showed high ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 33 μg/mL) and imparted neither bitter taste nor the iron odor of egg whites. Sequential ultra-filtration of hydrolysate …

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Afffinity Measurement Of Lactoferrin (Lf)-Anti-Lf Immunoglobulin In Yolk (Igy) Complexes By Competitive Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Ci-Elisa), Y.-Y. Tu, C.-Y. Ma, S.-B. Ho, C.-C. Chen, H.-M. Chang Jul 2020

Afffinity Measurement Of Lactoferrin (Lf)-Anti-Lf Immunoglobulin In Yolk (Igy) Complexes By Competitive Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Ci-Elisa), Y.-Y. Tu, C.-Y. Ma, S.-B. Ho, C.-C. Chen, H.-M. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) was employed to perform the affinity measurement of dissociation constant (Kd) and affinity constants (Ka) for bovine milk lactoferrin (LF) and IgY (immunoglobulin in yolk) specific against LF using antisera from rabbit and hen as references. In liquid phase equilibrium measurements by CI-ELISA, the elevation in antigen level in antigen-antibody mixtures decreased the ELISA values, suggesting the increased competition of free LF in solution with that coated on plate for LF-specific IgY purified by immunoaffinity chromatography (purified IgY). From the Klotz plots of the binding of LF to purified IgY, Kd and Ka were …

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Mercury Levels Of Seafood Commonly Consumed In Taiwan, Y.C. Chen, M.H. Chen Jul 2020

Mercury Levels Of Seafood Commonly Consumed In Taiwan, Y.C. Chen, M.H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, the mercury level in 25 commonly consumed seafood species was identified and used to evaluate the mercury intake for Taiwan population. Total mercury concentrations were determined by using furnace-gold amalgation mercury analyzer. The results indicated that mercury concentrations of the 25 seafood species ranged from 0.002 to 0.198 mg/kg wet wt. and varied significantly across species (p < 0.05). All mercury concentrations of the 25 seafood species were below the safety standards, 0.5 mg/kg, set by TWDOH, EC and FAO/WHO. Mercury intake from seafood consumption for female and male adults in Taiwan was estimated to be 21 and 30 μg/week, respectively, which was well below the PTWI. Among the seafood items tested, fish was the major source of total mercury intake for Taiwan population (74-83%). The marine fish contributed the most, followed by shellfish and freshwater fish. The highest mercury level was found in tuna. The mercury intake could be within the PTWI if general population weighted 65 kg consumed daily 90 g of seafood with mercury concentration as 0.17 mg/kg.

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