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Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 11 (3) (214-218)), Skip Jul 2020

Erratum: (Journal Of Food And Drug Analysis Vol. 11 (3) (214-218)), Skip

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

[No abstract available]

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Simultaneous Determination Of Furostanol And Spirostanol Glycosides In Taiwanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Cultivars By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, D.-J. Yang, T.-J. Lu, L.S. Hwang Jul 2020

Simultaneous Determination Of Furostanol And Spirostanol Glycosides In Taiwanese Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Cultivars By High Performance Liquid Chromatography, D.-J. Yang, T.-J. Lu, L.S. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the steroid saponins, furostanol and spirostanol glycosides in Taiwanese yam cultivars. C18 column kept at 45°C was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase was a binary solvent system consisting of methanol and deionized water (62/38, v/v) in the first 20 min and 71/29 (v/v) from 21 to 65 min at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Both evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and UV (203 to 215 nm) were employed and compared for the detection of saponins. The detection limits for ELSD and 203 …

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Susceptibility Of O3:K6 And Environmental Strains Of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus To Acid Inactivation, And Survival Competition Between These Strains And Pseudomonas Fluorescens And Indigenous Bacteria, Y.-S. Chen, M.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Wong Jul 2020

Susceptibility Of O3:K6 And Environmental Strains Of Vibrio Parahaemolyticus To Acid Inactivation, And Survival Competition Between These Strains And Pseudomonas Fluorescens And Indigenous Bacteria, Y.-S. Chen, M.-Y. Chen, H.-C. Wong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common food poisoning pathogen associated with seafood. New O3:K6 strains originating from India in 1996 were the first pandemic strains and spread rapidly throughout many Asian countries. This study examines the characteristics of these new O3:K6 strains with respect to acid susceptibility and survival competition with Pseudomonas fluorescens and indigenous oyster spoilage microflora. Results revealed that the exponential phase cultures of new O3:K6 strains were significantly more tolerant of acid at pH 3.0 than the environmental strains. In these co-culture experiments, survival of the V. parahaemolyticus strains was influenced by the bacterial strains, incubation medium and …

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The Protection Of Anthrodia Camphorata Against Acute Hepatotoxicity Of Alcohol In Rats, Y.-Y. Dai, C.-H. Chuang, C.-C. Tsai, H.-M. Sio, S.-C. Huang, J.-C. Chen, M.-L. Hu Jul 2020

The Protection Of Anthrodia Camphorata Against Acute Hepatotoxicity Of Alcohol In Rats, Y.-Y. Dai, C.-H. Chuang, C.-C. Tsai, H.-M. Sio, S.-C. Huang, J.-C. Chen, M.-L. Hu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Antrodia camphorata is a unique mushroom of Taiwan and has been used as a folk medicine for protection against liver damage induced by alcohol intoxication. However, no report has been presented in this respect. In this rat study, we examined whether the mycelium and sporocarp of Antrodia camphorata protect against acute liver damage induced by ethanol (EtOH). Rats were orally administered with mycelium and sporocarp of Antrodia camphorata for 9 days before EtOH challenge (5.5 g/kg body wt., i.p.). Rats were divided into eight groups (A-H) and except for groups A and H, all rats were injected with alcohol. A: …

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Effect Of Incubation Conditions On The Reduction Of Nitrate To Nitrite By Micrococcus Roseus And Escherichia Coli O157: H7, W.-H. Ko, B.-H. Chen, C.-W.P. Chiu Jul 2020

Effect Of Incubation Conditions On The Reduction Of Nitrate To Nitrite By Micrococcus Roseus And Escherichia Coli O157: H7, W.-H. Ko, B.-H. Chen, C.-W.P. Chiu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nitrate reduction of Escherichia coli O157: H7 was compared with that of four microorganisms, namely, Micrococcus roseus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus carnosus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in phosphate buffer solution containing 2053 mg/L nitrate, and the factors affecting nitrate reduction of M. roseus and E. coli O157: H7 were also studied. M. roseus, E. coli O157: H7 and S. carnosus showed similar but stronger reduction activities than the other test microorganisms, showing optimum activity in pH 7 buffer solution containing nitrate. Very little nitrite was formed when pH and temperature were below 5 and 15°C, respectively. Nitrate reduction was significantly increased with …

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Antioxidant Activities Of Carnosine, Anserine, Some Free Amino Acids And Their Combination, H.-C. Wu, C.-Y. Shiau, H.-M. Chen, T.-K. Chiou Jul 2020

Antioxidant Activities Of Carnosine, Anserine, Some Free Amino Acids And Their Combination, H.-C. Wu, C.-Y. Shiau, H.-M. Chen, T.-K. Chiou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

For the evaluation of antioxidant activities of dipeptides (carnosine, anserine), and free amino acids (histidine, 1-methylhistidine, taurine, glycine, alanine, β-alanine), four methods were used, including the analysis of the inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation, scavenging effect on α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, reducing power, and chelating ability of Cu2+. Results showed that carnosine and anserine were antioxidants preventing lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid systems. They also possessed effective abilities as free radical scavengers, reducing agents, and copper ion chelators. The activities increased with increasing concentration. However, the constituent amino acids of dipeptides, β-alanine, histidine and 1-methylhistidine, were not as effective in inhibiting …

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Effects Of Extraction Solvent On Gas Chromatographic Quantitation Of Bht And Bha In Chewing Gum, H.-J. Lin, M.-L. Wang, Y.-M. Choong, C.-W. Chen, B.-S. Hwang, S.-L. Tsai, L.-C. Chung, M.-H. Yang Jul 2020

Effects Of Extraction Solvent On Gas Chromatographic Quantitation Of Bht And Bha In Chewing Gum, H.-J. Lin, M.-L. Wang, Y.-M. Choong, C.-W. Chen, B.-S. Hwang, S.-L. Tsai, L.-C. Chung, M.-H. Yang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, a simple and rapid method was developed for the determination of BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-p-hydroxytoluene) and BHA (t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole) in chewing gum using solvent extraction combined with gas chromatography. The results showed that among seven types of extraction solvent, diethyl ether was the best, as chewing gum dissolved and dispersed in diethyl ether, gave the highest yield of BHT and BHA from chewing gum. Recovery studies were performed on chewing gum, spiked with both BHT and BHA at 100-200μg/g each. The recoveries of both BHT and BHA were 99-101% (CV: 1.5-3.2%) and 94-99% (CV: 7.1-8.6), respectively. The coefficients of variation …

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Factors Affecting Territrem B Production By Aspergillus Terreus Ccrc 32111 In Potato-Dextrose Medium, S.-Y. Fang, F.-C. Peng Jul 2020

Factors Affecting Territrem B Production By Aspergillus Terreus Ccrc 32111 In Potato-Dextrose Medium, S.-Y. Fang, F.-C. Peng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The effects of incubation time, temperature, medium volume, and initial pH on the production of territrem B (TRB) by Aspergillus terreus CCRC 32111 were investigated. At 28°C, maximal TRB production and mycelial growth were seen after 12 days' incubation in potato-dextrose (PD) liquid medium. Greatest TRB production occurred after rapid depletion of available carbohydrate at the stationary phase of fungal growth. TRB production decreased when the broth volume/culture container volume ratio increased, but increased if initial pH was alkaline. These results show that the TRB production is affected by factors including incubation time, temperature, medium volume, and the initial pH …

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Antioxidant Effect Of Methanol Extracts From Lotus Plumule And Blossom (Nelumbo Nucifera Gertn.), L. Wang, J.-H. Yen, H.-L. Liang, M.-J. Wu Jul 2020

Antioxidant Effect Of Methanol Extracts From Lotus Plumule And Blossom (Nelumbo Nucifera Gertn.), L. Wang, J.-H. Yen, H.-L. Liang, M.-J. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gertn.) is a major economic aqueous plant in Tainan County. Lotus plumule contains various alkaloids and is used to remove "heat" or as tranquilizer and antihypertensive agent in folk medicine. Lotus blossom contains alkaloids, organic acids, amino acids, and β-carotenoid and is used to "warm" kidney and spleen or used as a cardiotonic in folk medicine. In an attempt to assess the possible antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of lotus plumule and blossom, several in vitro assays were conducted. We found that both lotus plumule and blossom possessed strong reducing powers and free radical scavenging abilities. However, …

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Do Topically Aplied Skin Creams Containing Retinyl Palmitate Affect The Photocarcinogenecity Of Simulated Solar Light?, P.P. Fu, P.C. Howard, S.J. Culp, Q. Xia, P.J. Webb, L.R. Blankenship, W.G. Wamer, J.R. Bucher Jul 2020

Do Topically Aplied Skin Creams Containing Retinyl Palmitate Affect The Photocarcinogenecity Of Simulated Solar Light?, P.P. Fu, P.C. Howard, S.J. Culp, Q. Xia, P.J. Webb, L.R. Blankenship, W.G. Wamer, J.R. Bucher

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Retinyl palmitate (all-trans-retinyl palmitate; RP) was nominated in 2001 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) as a high priority compound for phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity studies at the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR). Studies with SKH-1 hairless mice are required to test whether topical application of RP enhances the phototoxicity and photocarcinogenicity of simulated solar light and UV light. Mechanistic studies are needed to provide insight into the disposition of RP in vitro and on the skin of mice, and to test thoroughly whether genotoxic …

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Validation Of Growth Models For Listeria Monocytogenes And Yersinia Enterocolitica In Cooked Chicken Meat, Q.-K. Wei, T.J. Fang Jul 2020

Validation Of Growth Models For Listeria Monocytogenes And Yersinia Enterocolitica In Cooked Chicken Meat, Q.-K. Wei, T.J. Fang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this study, growth rate models of the Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica were compared in cooked chicken meat. The chicken meat was inoculated with the pure culture or mixed cultures of these pathogens and stored at 4-34°C. After the growth curves of these two pathogens were obtained, the modified Gompertz function was then fitted to the experimental curves. The parameter of specific growth rate was described by the Zwietering model. The models predicting the growth for these pathogens in chicken meat and parameters generated by pathogens modeling program (PMP) were then compared using the mathematical and statistical parameters such …

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Genotyping 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase For Patients With Coronary Artery Disease In Southern Taiwan, M-C. Kou, L. Wang, K.-J. Liang, M.-J. Wu Jul 2020

Genotyping 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase For Patients With Coronary Artery Disease In Southern Taiwan, M-C. Kou, L. Wang, K.-J. Liang, M.-J. Wu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Hyperhomocysteinaemia has been identified as a risk factor for cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular and coronary heart disease (CAD). Individuals with homozygous MTHFR (5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) mutation have significantly elevated plasma homocysteine levels. Two common mutations in MTHFR (MTHFR 677C→T and MTHFR 1298A→C) may represent an important genetic risk factor in vascular disease. The aim of this research was to investigate these two point mutations of MTHFR for CAD patients and non-CAD controls in Southern Taiwan by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We found that the distribution of the homozygous mutation for MTHFR677 was higher in 54 CAD patients than in 55 non-CAD …

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Heavy Metal Concentrations In Nine Species Of Fishes Caught In Coastal Waters Off Ann-Ping, S.W. Taiwan, Y.-C. Chen, M.-H. Chen Jul 2020

Heavy Metal Concentrations In Nine Species Of Fishes Caught In Coastal Waters Off Ann-Ping, S.W. Taiwan, Y.-C. Chen, M.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Nine species of the most commonly found fishes in the Ann-Ping coastal waters, were selected and analyzed for the Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Cd concentrations in the muscles, livers and gonads. The results revealed that the Zn and Fe concentrations were the highest; followed by Cu and Mn, Cd being the lowest in the three kinds of fish tissues. The liver metal concentrations showed the highest values among the three tissues, whereas the muscle concentrations were the lowest. The muscle concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cu , Mn and Cd ranged 4.00-7.28, 2.35-7.72, 0.20-0.45, 0.20-0.83 and <0.0005 μg/g wet weight, respectively. The liver concentrations of the five elements were in the range of 23.0-66.6, 131-646, 3.34-48.2, 0.75-1.94, and 0.08-0.70 μg/g wet weight, respectively. A significant species-specific difference was found. The Sardinella lemuru contained higher muscle concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cd than the other species of fishes. However, the Liza macrolepis contained the highest liver concentrations of Fe and Cu. The metal concentrations found in this study were similar to the metal levels of the fishes collected from slightly polluted waters all over the world and Taiwan. Therefore, no public health problem would be raised in the consumption of the fishes.

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Component Analysis Of Black Ant (Polyrhachis Lamellidens) Extracts From Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Y.-D. Cheng, C.-H. Tseng, H.-P. Wang, C.-C. Liao Jul 2020

Component Analysis Of Black Ant (Polyrhachis Lamellidens) Extracts From Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Y.-D. Cheng, C.-H. Tseng, H.-P. Wang, C.-C. Liao

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Black ant Polyrhachis lamellidens Fr. Smith (Formicidae), found wild throughout China and Taiwan, has long been used as folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic hepatitis, sexual hypofunction and antiaging. In this study, we extracted several components from this insect by using the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique under different temperature, pressure, and extraction time. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and identified by a mass library search. This paper presents a comparison of extraction quantity and composition by different extraction conditions. The results show that thirty-nine known compounds were isolated from P. …

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Antioxidant Properties Of The Extracts From Different Parts Of Broccoli In Taiwan, J.-T. Guo, H.-L. Lee, S.-H. Chiang, F.-I. Lin, C.-Y. Chang Jul 2020

Antioxidant Properties Of The Extracts From Different Parts Of Broccoli In Taiwan, J.-T. Guo, H.-L. Lee, S.-H. Chiang, F.-I. Lin, C.-Y. Chang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The flowers, stems, and leaves of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var italica Plenca) cultivated in Taiwan were freeze-dried and extracted with methanol, water, or acetone. The antioxidant properties, including reducing power, ferrous ion chelating ability, and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, were tested in this study. The above antioxidant properties of broccoli extracts along with alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were compared. Results showed that the methanol and water extracts exhibited a higher reducing power in all three parts; while the acetone extract was the least. The stem extracts showed the highest reducing power, which was 1.3 times those alpha-tocopherol …

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Use Of Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Adhesion, Hemagglutination And Bacterial Clump Formation Tests In Detection Of Enteroaggregative Escherichia Coli Strains, C.-C. Tsai, S.-Y. Chen, H.-Y. Tsen Jul 2020

Use Of Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Adhesion, Hemagglutination And Bacterial Clump Formation Tests In Detection Of Enteroaggregative Escherichia Coli Strains, C.-C. Tsai, S.-Y. Chen, H.-Y. Tsen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) is one of the pathogenic E. coli strains which may cause diarrhoea. In vitro studies have shown that EAggEC strains could establish a "stacked-brick" like adherence pattern on the surface of tissue culture cells and such a pattern is termed as aggregative adherence (AA). The purpose of this study is to compare the methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HeLa cell adhesion, hemagglutination, and bacteria clumping tests for the specific detection of EAggEC suspected strains. This study isolated 340 E. coli strains from clinical samples of diarrhea cases which were firstly screened with the PCR method …

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Gas Chromatographic Determination Of Synthetic Antioxidants In Edible Fats And Oils - A Simple Methylation Method, Y.-M. Choong, H.-J. Lin Jul 2020

Gas Chromatographic Determination Of Synthetic Antioxidants In Edible Fats And Oils - A Simple Methylation Method, Y.-M. Choong, H.-J. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple method was developed for determining the antioxidants, BHA, BHT and TBHQ in commercial edible fats and oils. In 2-3 drops (about 60-80 mg) of an oil sample, 10% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) methanol solution 1 mL was added and vortex-mixed for 10-minute methylation. The mixture was then extracted with 4-6 mL ether, 0.2% tetradecanol (14C-OH) 50 μL was added and thoroughly mixed. An aliquot of 0.3 μL of the ether layer was then injected to GC for BHA, BHT and TBHQ analyses. The recoveries from commercial oils were in a range of 94-106%, with a coefficient of variation < 9%. Eighteen commercial edible fat and oil samples of olive, sunflower, peanut, soybean, vegetable and blend oils were analyzed using the developed method. The contents of BHA, BHT and TBHQ were found to be 0-50, 0-267 and 0-37 μg/g. Fourteen out of 18 samples were detected to contain antioxidants. The total antioxidant contents in the three blend oils ranged 259-294 μg/g, which exceeded the Chinese National Standards (CNS) control level of 200 μg/g for edible oils.

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Stability Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Heating, Y.C. Chen, B.H. Chen Jul 2020

Stability Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons During Heating, Y.C. Chen, B.H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The stability of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) standards, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA) and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA) during heating was studied. The residual amount of each PAH was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that during heating in a closed system, the levels of BaA, BaP and DBahA in solid form or in hexane decreased both with increasing temperature and time. The degradation of each PAH during heating fits a first-order model, and the degradation rate constant (hr-1) at 200°C was higher than at 100°C. Also, the PAHs in solid form possessed higher stability than in hexane. Either in …

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Studies On Factors Affecting The Establishment Of Gentiana Davidii Var. Formosana (Hayata) T. N. Ho Cell Suspension Cultures, F.-S. Chueh, C.-C. Chen, H.-S. Tsay Jul 2020

Studies On Factors Affecting The Establishment Of Gentiana Davidii Var. Formosana (Hayata) T. N. Ho Cell Suspension Cultures, F.-S. Chueh, C.-C. Chen, H.-S. Tsay

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Gentiana davidii var. formosana (Hayata) T. N. Ho (Gentianaceae), commonly known as long-dan in Chinese, is a perennial herb indigenous to Taiwan. It is distributed throughout the island, ranging from low to high elevations. The roots, which contain bitter-tasting secoiridoid glucosides, are used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is mainly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases. Continuous collection of plant material from natural habitat has led to the depletion of Gentiana population. The purpose of this study was to establish the cell suspension cultures of Gentiana, which could be used for large-scale production of active principles such as …

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Enhanced Inhibitory Effect From Interaction Of Curcumin With Amphotericin B Or Fluconazole Against Candida Species, S.-M. Tsao, M.-C. Yin Jul 2020

Enhanced Inhibitory Effect From Interaction Of Curcumin With Amphotericin B Or Fluconazole Against Candida Species, S.-M. Tsao, M.-C. Yin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The antifungal activity of curcumin against seven Candida species was studied by investigating the growth of 200 clinical isolates from patients with fungal infections. The MICs of curcumin against Candida species were in the range of 32 to 128 μg/mL. The interaction of curcumin with amphotericin B or fluconazole against these fungi was determined by FIC index and % reduction in turbidity. Synergistic effect was shown in all combinations of curcumin and amphotericin B; whereas both synergistic and additive effects were observed in the combinations of curcumin and fluconazole. This evidence suggests that when curcumin is combined with amphotericin B …

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A Gas Chromatographic Method For Determination Of Nicotinamide, Paraben Esters And Caffeine In Commercial Health Drinks, Tonic Drinks And Cold Formulas, H.-J. Lin, M.-L. Wang, C.-W. Chen, B.-S. Hwang, M.-H. Lee, Y.-M. Choong Jul 2020

A Gas Chromatographic Method For Determination Of Nicotinamide, Paraben Esters And Caffeine In Commercial Health Drinks, Tonic Drinks And Cold Formulas, H.-J. Lin, M.-L. Wang, C.-W. Chen, B.-S. Hwang, M.-H. Lee, Y.-M. Choong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple and rapid method was developed to simultaneously determine the nicotinamide, paraben as well as caffeine by using megapore immediate-polar column (CP-Sil 24CB, 30 m x 0.53 mm, 1.5 μm) with direct injection gas chromatography. Direct quantitative analysis of nicotinamide, paraben esters and caffeine in health drinks, tonic drinks, and cold formulas was carried out without any sample pretreatment procedure. The water soluble compound 1,9-nonanediol was used as an internal standard. The detection limit for nicotinamide, paraben esters and caffeine was 2 μg/mL. Recovery studies were performed using 1 mL of vitamin B drink, tonic drink and cold solution, …

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Biosynthesis Of Folates By Streptococcus Thermophilus And Lactobacillus Delbruekii Ssp. Bulgaricus, M.-Y. Lin, C.-M. Young Jul 2020

Biosynthesis Of Folates By Streptococcus Thermophilus And Lactobacillus Delbruekii Ssp. Bulgaricus, M.-Y. Lin, C.-M. Young

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The folate synthesizing ability of yogurt bacteria, including Streptococcus thermophilus MC and ATCC 19258 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 448 and 449, were evaluated. The major effort of this study focused on increasing the folate contents of yogurt bacteria fermented milk by adding lactose or calcium chloride. The addition of 2% lactose in reconstituted non-fat dry milk increased folate synthesis. Although folates increased only about 3 to 7% for yogurt cultures incubated for 6 hr, folates increased 12 to 198% for yogurt bacteria grown for 18 hr. The folate content decreased for reconstituted milk fermented with S. thermophilus MC or …

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A Comparison Of Antibiograms For The Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates From Humans And Domestic Or Other Animals In Taiwan, H.-Y. Hsih, H.-Y. Tsen Jul 2020

A Comparison Of Antibiograms For The Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates From Humans And Domestic Or Other Animals In Taiwan, H.-Y. Hsih, H.-Y. Tsen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The antibiograms of 45 human isolates and 87 animal isolates of Salmonella typhimurium collected from 1990 to 1996 in Taiwan were investigated. The antibiotics used were tetracycline (Te), sulfisoxazole (G), ampicillin (Am), chloramphenicol (C), streptomycin (S), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Sxt), kanamycin (K), gentamicin (Gm), norfloxacin (Nor) and cefoperazone (Cfp). Resistance to antibiotics for these Salmonella isolates was studied, and the results obtained for human and animal isolates were compared. It was found that the antibiograms for human and animal isolates are quite similar. The major resistant type for these Salmonella strains is TeGAmSC. Both the human and animal isolates are highly resistant …

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A Rapid And Simple Gas Chromatographic Method For Direct Determination Of Nicotinamide In Commercial Vitamins And Tonic Drinks, H.-J. Lin, C.-W. Chen, B.-S. Hwang, Y.-M. Choong Jul 2020

A Rapid And Simple Gas Chromatographic Method For Direct Determination Of Nicotinamide In Commercial Vitamins And Tonic Drinks, H.-J. Lin, C.-W. Chen, B.-S. Hwang, Y.-M. Choong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple and rapid method was developed to determine the presence of nicotinamide in tonic drinks using the megapore semi-polar column (CP-Sil 8 CB, 30 m x 0.53 mm) with direct injection gas chromatography. Direct quantitative analysis of nicotinamide in amino acid drinks, vitamin drinks, essence of chicken and tonic drinks was carried out without any sample pretreatment procedure. Water soluble compound 1,9-nonanediol was used as an internal standard. The detection limit for nicotinamide was 2-5 μg/mL. Recovery studies were performed using 1 mL of vitamin drink and tonic drink, each spiked with nicotinamide at 105.5, and 211.0 μg, respectively. …

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Determination Of Folates Synthesized By Lactic Acid Bacteria, C.-M. Young, M.-Y. Lin Jul 2020

Determination Of Folates Synthesized By Lactic Acid Bacteria, C.-M. Young, M.-Y. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Eight strains of lactic acid bacteria, including Bifidobacterium longum B6 and 15708, Lactobacillus acidophilus N-1 and 4356, Lactobacillus bulgaricus 448 and 449, and Streptococcus thermophilus MC and 573 were investigated for their folate synthesizing ability by applying the high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The results showed that lactic acid bacteria synthesized maximum levels of folate in six hours in fermented milk. B. longum B6 demonstrated the highest folate synthesizing ability, and B. longum 15708 also produced folate satisfactorily. These two strains increased folate 3.5 and 2.4 fold, respectively, after 6h fermentation at 37°C. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate was the main derivative of folate found …

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A Simple Method For The Simultaneous Determination Of Various Preservatives In Liquid Foods, H.-J. Lin, Y.-M. Choong Jul 2020

A Simple Method For The Simultaneous Determination Of Various Preservatives In Liquid Foods, H.-J. Lin, Y.-M. Choong

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A direct injection gas chromatography (GC) instrument equipped with an intermediate polar column (CP-SIL 8CB, 30 m × 0.53 mm) was used to determine nine preservatives (including sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid, benzoic acid, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, propyl paraben, isobutyl paraben and butyl paraben) in vinegar, soy sauce, pickle condiment liquid and fish sauce. A water soluble compound 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (DHB) was used as an internal standard. The detection limits of the above preservatives were found to be lower than 0.5 ppm. A recovery study was performed by spiking 200 μg target compounds into 1 ml of vinegar or …

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Effect Of Dietary Vitamin D3 On T Helper-Related Activities Of Lupus-Prompt New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 Mice, B.-C. Yang, C.-W. Liu, C.-K. Yu Jul 2020

Effect Of Dietary Vitamin D3 On T Helper-Related Activities Of Lupus-Prompt New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 Mice, B.-C. Yang, C.-W. Liu, C.-K. Yu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

We investigated the effect of dietary vitamin D3 on T helper-related activities and progress of lupus in NZB/NZW F1 mice. Mice were fed with 0.4 or 2 μg vitamin D3 dissolved in 50 μL olive oil every other day. Expression of T cell-related cytokine genes including those of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and IFN-γ was monitored during the disease course by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, total serum IgG1 and IgG2a and anti-dsDNA antibody were measured. We observed a prolonged survival of mice receiving 2μg of vitamin D3 as compared with control mice. However, …

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Comparative Study Of Antioxidant Activity Of Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Powder Assessed By Different Methods, H. Li, X. Wang, P. Li, Y. Li, H. Wang Jul 2020

Comparative Study Of Antioxidant Activity Of Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Seed Powder Assessed By Different Methods, H. Li, X. Wang, P. Li, Y. Li, H. Wang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The phenolic content and antioxidant activity of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed powder extracted by in vitro physiological procedure and chemical procedure were investigated. The antioxidant potential of the extract were assessed by employing different in vitro assays such as CUPRAC, DPPH, ABTS, OH radical scavenging capacity, and peroxidation inhibiting activity. The in vitro physiological procedure yielded a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than the chemical procedure. As for digestive enzymatic extracts, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the dialysates of grape seed powder were lower than those of the retentates. As for solvents extracts, extraction with acetone:water (70:30) led …

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Content Of Total Phenolics And Anthocyanins And The Antimutagenicity Of Aspergillus Awamori-Fermented Black Soybean After Heat Treatment, Y.-J. Wang, C.-C. Chou Jul 2020

Content Of Total Phenolics And Anthocyanins And The Antimutagenicity Of Aspergillus Awamori-Fermented Black Soybean After Heat Treatment, Y.-J. Wang, C.-C. Chou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The Aspergillus awamoir-fermented black soybean, possessing enhanced functional properties, was previously suggested to be a potentially functional ingredient in the formation of healthy foods. In this study, the effect of heat treatments (40-100°C for 30 min) on the changes of total phenolics and anthocyanin contents, mutagenicity and the antimutagenicity of fermented black soybeans against 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, a direct mutagen, and benzo[a]pyrene, an indirect mutagen, on Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 and TA98 were examined. Results revealed that the heated-fermented black soybean showed no mutagenicity. Heating the fermented black soybean at 80 or 100°C for 30 min resulted in a reduced antimutagenicity with the …

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Effect Of Taurine On Toxicity Of Oxidized Cholesterol And Oxidized Fish Oil In Rats, Y.-H. Yeh, M.-H. Chen, Y.-T. Lee, H.-S. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang Jul 2020

Effect Of Taurine On Toxicity Of Oxidized Cholesterol And Oxidized Fish Oil In Rats, Y.-H. Yeh, M.-H. Chen, Y.-T. Lee, H.-S. Hsieh, D.-F. Hwang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) occurs naturally in food, especially in seafood and meat. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the effect of dietary taurine on oxidized cholesterol and oxidized fish oil induced toxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty male wistar rats were fed with diets supplemented with 5% taurine, 2% oxidized cholesterol or 3% oxidized fish oil for 6 weeks. After feeding such diet, taurine could increase the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level in plasma, and glutathione (GSH) level in plasma, and decrease the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) in plasma, and the …

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