Digital Commons Network^™

'It's Common Sense That An Individual Must Eat': Advocating For Food Justice With People With Psychiatric Disabilities Through Photovoice., Lara Carson Weinstein, Mariana Chilton, Renee Turchi, Ann C Klassen, Marianna Lanoue, Alexis Silvero, Leopoldo J Cabassa

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: People with SMI have often been excluded in advocacy efforts focused on physical health, health care and health and social policy.

OBJECTIVE: Following a Photovoice project focused on barriers to healthy eating and physical activity in urban neighbourhoods, participant-researchers were invited to present their insights in community advocacy settings. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and participant-researchers' experience of these community advocacy activities.

DESIGN: We held four focus groups with the eight participant-researchers after each community advocacy activity to explore their experience with public speaking, presenting their experiences and advocating.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: People with …

Evaluating Regional Agricultural Wastes As Substrates For The Mycelial Growth And Fruiting Body Yield Of Pleurotus Ostreatus, Daniel Rhiner

Master of Science in Integrative Biology Theses

Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as the oyster mushroom, is a widely cultivated culinary mushroom known for its ability to colonize a variety of lignocellulosic agricultural wastes. The ability of P. ostreatus to utilize these types of wastes as growth substrates suggests a potential for this organism to convert agricultural waste streams into locally productive and regenerative systems. Agriculture is a leading contributor to Georgia’s economy, but it also produces large amounts of plant-based agricultural wastes of little to no value. Repurposing these wastes into profitable culinary and medicinal mushrooms has become an increasingly appealing approach to mitigating these wastes. …

Biogeochemical Processes Affecting Arsenic (As) Release And Bioavailability Near Abandoned Mine Wastes, Cherie L. Devore

Civil Engineering ETDs

The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the biogeochemical processes affecting the mobilization and bioavailability of arsenic (As) from mining-impacted sediments to surface water sources and plants. The Cheyenne River Watershed has been affected by mining legacy for several decades. The biogeochemical cycling of As on tribal land is not well understood, which justified the following research objectives: 1) Investigate the effect of competing anions on the release of As from sediments exposed to oxidizing conditions; 2) Evaluate chemical and microbiological processes affecting the release of soluble As, Fe, and Mn from contaminated sediments under laboratory controlled aerobic and …

Physical Activity In Toddlers, Catarina Marinho, Margarida Reis Santos, Cândida Koch, João Duarte

General Submissions: Presentations (Oral and Poster)

The concern with the practice of physical activity is not current. Some studies show that when practiced moderate and regularly it is beneficial for health promotion.

The Role Of Traditional Food In Jamaican Immigrants' Perceptions Of Health And Well-Being, Audrey Janice Simpson

Theses and Dissertations

Immigrants face many challenges when transitioning to life in a new country, and access to their traditional food can assist in facilitating a smoother transition. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact that access to traditional food has on the perception of health and well-being of Jamaican immigrants to the United States. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive design, twenty Jamaicans (10 in New York; 10 in Utah) participated in semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed. Results: Participants expressed a preference for traditional food. New York participants had greater access to Jamaican food and rated their health …

Disruption Of Pyoverdine Synthesis In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Through Periodic Disturbance Of Biofilm Structure, Rebecca J. Quinn

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Infections due to bacteria were once easily treated using antibiotics. However, the effective shelf life of antibiotics is diminishing due to the rise and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Accordingly, novel approaches to treating infections are required. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multi-drug resistant, biofilm forming opportunistic pathogen. A determinant of P. aeruginosa’s pathogenicity is pyoverdine, a siderophore that is used to sequester iron from the environment. After being produced by a bacterium, pyoverdine is secreted into the environment where it complexes with iron. The pyoverdine-iron complex is then returned to the bacteria through diffusion, where it drives the synthesis of …

Integrative Medicine In Health And Well-Being, Andrew Newberg, Madeline Becker

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

For integrative approaches to become part of standard care, research is required to understand clinical effects. Clinical data needs to be supplemented by mechanistic studies. Integrative medicine and general medicine have multiple areas of intersection. Studies can evaluate mental and physical disorders such as depression or anxiety or chronic pain and fatigue. Studies can evaluate psychological symptoms associated with other medical and neurological disorders. It is important to establish efficacy and also mechanism. Future collaborations are very welcome!

An Examination Of Seed Libraries Across Two Academic Institutions, Holly M. Dean, Jennifer Mezick

Urban Library Journal

Seed libraries provide new and engaging outreach possibilities while facilitating healthy sustainable communities. Regardless of the type of institution or organization, seed libraries can facilitate food access and social and environmental sustainability, foster community, and open doors for new partnerships. This article examines the path to develop seed libraries in higher education at two institutions, which in their early stages have proven successful in meeting their missions. The initial seed library was developed at a community college, which inspired and influenced the establishment of an experiential learning initiative at a tier one university. Together these two programs are collaborating across …

Portable, Field-Based Neuroimaging Using High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography, Andrew K. Fishell, Ana María Arbeláez, Claudia P. Valdés, Tracy N. Burns-Yocum, Arefeh Sherafati, Edward J. Richter, Margarita Torres, Adam T. Eggebrecht, Christopher D. Smyser, Joseph P. Culver

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Behavioral and cognitive tests in individuals who were malnourished as children have revealed malnutrition-related deficits that persist throughout the lifespan. These findings have motivated recent neuroimaging investigations that use highly portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) instruments to meet the demands of brain imaging experiments in low-resource environments and enable longitudinal investigations of brain function in the context of long-term malnutrition. However, recent studies in healthy subjects have demonstrated that high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) can significantly improve image quality over that obtained with sparse fNIRS imaging arrays. In studies of both task activations and resting state functional connectivity, HD-DOT is …

Identification Of A Tadalafil Analogue Adulterated In A Dietary Supplement, M.-C. Lin, Y.-C. Liu, Y.-L. Lin, J.-H. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A dietary supplement which was claimed on the treatment of male erectile dysfunction was firstly screened by TLC, and two suspected spots showed on the TLC plate under the detection of UV 254 nm. One of the spot (1) was determined as tadalafil by direct comparison of its TLC, UV, and LC/MS/MS data with the reference standard of tadalafil. The other suspected spot was identified by extraction, separation and purification from the sample to get a yellowish powder (compound 2). The structure of compound 2 with an amino group instead of the N2-methyl group in the piperazinedione ring of tadalafil …

Determination Of Antioxidative Properties Of Morinda Citrifolia Using Near Supercritical Fluid Extraction, C.-H. Chen, T.-P. Lin, Y.-L. Chung, C.-K. Lee, D.-B. Yeh, S.-Y. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Limited knowledge is available regarding the hydrophobic antioxidants present in the Morinda citrifolia L (Noni). Moreover, supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) extraction technique is well known with many superior extraction properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative properties of crude extracts from the leaves, green and brown stems, and fruit of Noni plant obtained by near SF-CO2 extraction. Extracts from brown stems by near SF-CO2 extraction under high pressure and low temperature conditions afforded the highest total phenolic content (23.14 ± 1.83 mg/g) and the best reducing power (59.82 ± 6.28 ascorbic acid equivalents mg/g). It …

Investigation Of Optimum Extraction Conditions For Determination Of Quercetin And Kaempferol In Coriander (Conundrum Sativum L.) By Using Experimental Design And Hplc, M. Hadjmohammadi, V. Sharifi

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Optimum conditions for extraction of quercetin and kaempferol from coriander are determined using experimental design and HPLC method. Effects of five experimental factors, including percentage of methanol in aqueous extraction solvent, volume of extraction solvent, concentration of HCl used for hydrolysis, extraction time, and temperature on the extraction recovery, are investigated. Central composite design is used to investigate the effects of these factors and grid search method is used to find the optimum conditions. The optimum conditions are 30 mL of 45% aqueous methanol, containing 1.85 M HCl, refluxed for 2 hours at 84°C. The extraction procedures at optimum conditions …

Oral Supplementation Of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L. Spp. Turkestanica) Fruit Extract Modifies Haloperidol Induced Behavioral Deficits And Increases Brain Serotonin Metabolism, F. Batool, A.H. Shah, S.D. Ahmed, D.J. Haleem

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Pulp and oils (fruit extract) from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. spp. Turkestanica) (HRL) seeds and berries have been traditionally used in the treatment of different clinical and psychotic disorders and have significant implication in contemporary medicinal therapy. Schizophrenia is a chronic severe mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the population. Although the first generation of antipsychotic drugs such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol are widely prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia, their beneficial effects are accompanied by extrapyramidal side effects (EPS). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of HRL fruit extract (HRL-FE) on …

Immunomodulatory Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Velvet Antler (Cervus Elaphus Linnaeus) And Its Simulated Gastrointestinal Digests On Immune Cells In Vitro, Z. Lei, B.-P. Ji, L. Bo, Z. Feng, J.-H. Li, Y.-C. Luo

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Velvet antler, a traditional Chinese medicine, is believed to have body-strengthening, immunomodulatory and anti-aging effects. It has been used in Chinese commercial functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of aqueous extract of velvet antler (AEVA) from Cervus elaphus Linnaeus and its simulated gastrointestinal digests (SGDs) in vitro. Experiments were carried out by measuring the effects of AEVA and SGDs on splenocyte proliferation, neutral red pinocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. AEVA (10-400 μg/mL) showed inhibitory effects on concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation while no difference was observed when lipopolisaccharide (LPS) was used …

Antioxidative Effect Of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Intact Cells Vs. Intracellular Extracts, C.-C. Ou, T.-M. Lu, J.-J. Tsai, J.-H. Yen, H.-W. Chen, M.-Y. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The present study compared the anti-oxidative ability of intact cells and intracellular extracts of two lactic acid bacterial strains, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Results showed that both intact cells and intracellular extracts of 109 cells of B. longum and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus had the ability to scavengeα-diphenyl- β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical by 70.4-75.1%, to inhibit liposome peroxidation by 25-31%, and to decrease significantly the malondialdehyde (MDA) production in Intestine 407 cells. The effect of intact cells and intracellular extracts of these two bacterial strains on the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from cerebrovascular accident …

The Correlation Of In Vitro Mushroom Tyrosinase Activity With Cellular Tyrosinase Activity And Melanin Formation In Melanoma Cells A2058, T.-Y. Song, C.-H. Chen, N.-C. Yang, C.-S. Fu, Y.-T. Chang, C.-L. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro has commonly been employed for evaluation of the whitening effects of various drugs and cosmetic products because tyrosinase is the limiting enzyme in melanin formation in skin. However, questions remain as to whether the in vitro inhibition of tyrosinase activity adequately represents the whiting effects since it does not account for cellular uptake of test samples. We therefore evaluated the correlations of the inhibition of cell-free mushroom tyrosinase activity with that of cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin formation in A2058 melanoma cell line using kojic acid, ascorbic acid and water extracts of …

Comparison Of Particulate Contamination In Glass And Plastic Ampoules Of Glycyrrhizin Injections After Ampoule Cutting, K. Yorioka, S. Oie, A. Kamiya

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

We evaluated the number and types of particles in glycyrrhizin injections after ampoule cutting. A total of 100 glass ampoules of 5 companies were examined. The mean number of particles with diameter of 1.3- < 5 μm was 252.9/mL, and that of particles with diameter of 5- < 10 μm was 12.5/mL. The number of particles differed among products of the 5 companies, e.g., the number of particles with a diameter of 1.3- < 5 μm varied from 351.9/mL to 121.6/mL. In addition, a total of 120 plastic ampoules from 6 companies were evaluated. The mean number of particles with a diameter of 1.3- < 5 μm was 43.0/mL, and that of particles with a diameter of 5- <10 μm was 2.1/mL. Differences among products of the 6 companies were not significant. The number of particles in glycyrrhizin injections after ampoule cutting was significantly lower in plastic than for glass ampoules (p < 0.0001). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis identified glass fragments in glycyrrhizin injection samples after the cutting of glass ampoules but identified no particles after cutting plastic ampoules. Glycyrrhizin injections are commonly used in Asia including Japan, Taiwan, and China. The use of plastic ampoules is recommended for the prevention of the entry of glass fragments into the body.

Validation Of An Improved Lc/Ms/Ms Method For Acrylamide Analysis In Foods, W.-C. Cheng, Y.-M. Kao, D.Y.-C. Shih, S.-S. Chou, A.-I. Yeh

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

An improved LC/MS/MS method was set up and validated for analyzing acrylamide (AA) in foods including fried potato snack food, baked breakfast food, bread, coffee and tea drinks which are the most popular stimulant drinks in Taiwan. Two types of cartridge in tandem use, elution volume, and a long column (250 mm), were used to improve the separation of interferences and reduce detection limit. Reproducibility, repeatability, and recovery tests were conducted to assure the analytical method applicable in house validation testing. Participation in the FAPAS® inter-comparison study resulted in a satisfactory result. The limit of detection was 3 μg/kg; mean …

Comparison Of The Metal Concentrations In Muscle And Liver Tissues Of Fishes From The Erren River, Southwestern Taiwan, After The Restoration In 2000, Y.-C. Chen, C.-Y. Chen, H.-J. Hwang, W.-B. Chang, W.-J. Yeh, M.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Metal concentrations in the muscle and liver tissues of fishes from the Erren River in southwestern Taiwan were analyzed to evaluate the pollution status after the completion of the restoration plan in 2000. It was the first time the tissue concentrations of 4 important elements, i.e. Fe, Mn, As and Hg, were reported in fishes from this area. Samples were collected in January 2002 at the junction of the Erren River and the Sanyegong River, the most polluted section of the river. Five fish species, Megalops cyprinoids (Indo-Pacific tarpon), Chanos chanos (milkfish), Liza macrolepis (large-scaled mullet), Mugil cephalus (striped mullet) …

Study On Isoflavones Isomers Contents In Taiwan's Soybean And Gm Soybean, Q.-K. Wei, W.W. Jone, T.J. Fang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In this report we compared the total contents and the distribution of isoflavones in six soybeans, including 1 imported genetically modified (GM) soybean and 5 Taiwanese nongenetic modified soybeans, Koushing 10, Tainan 1, Tainan 4, Tainan 5 black, and commercial black. After the soybeans were soaked for 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 hr in the solutions with different pH values (pH 3, 7 and 9), the contents of the isoflavones in the different 6 soybeans were measured. Nine isoflavones, including daidzin, genistin, and glycitin with a glucoside; acetyl-daidzin, acetyl-genistin, and acetyl-glycitin with acetylglucoside; and daidzein, genistein, and glycitein aglycones, …

Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity Of Protein Hydrolysates From Tuna Broth, J.-S. Hwang, W.-C. Ko

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have a potent antihypertensive effect in both humans and animals. Various peptides derived from food proteins were found to have ACE inhibitory activity. For determining ACE inhibitory activity, protein hydrolysates were prepared from tuna broth (contain 4% water-soluble protein) using various commercial proteases. Orientase hydrolysate (OAH) exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity on ACE. The best hydrolysis conditions with respect to inhibition of ACE were 3hr of incubation at 50°C, pH 6.5, with enzyme (1.0% orientase) to substrate (tuna broth) of 1/25 (v/v). Preparation under these conditions yielded activity (IC50 12.52 ± 0.02 mg/mL). Fractionation …

Water Status Of Two Gelatin Gels During Storage As Determined By Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Y.-L. Chung, H.-M. Lai

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A two-gelatin-gel model system was used to investigate the water status of two gels with different Aw, 0.968 (H-gel) and 0.828 (L-gel), using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. A multi slice-multi echo pulse sequence was applied and the transverse relaxation time (T2) of water protons was calculated. During storage the average T2 values of H-gel decreased, while those of L-gel increased. However, at the end of storage (15 days) when the Aw of two gels were the same, the average T2 values of L-gel were larger than those of H-gel, and heterogeneous T2 values were observed in both gels. This …

Comparison Of Microwave, Dry And Wet Digestion Procedures For The Determination Of Trace Metal Contents In Spice Samples Produced In Turkey, M. Soylak, M. Tuzen, I. Narin, H. Sari

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The concentrations of trace metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn) in spice samples from Turkey were determined because similar studies have not been published. The experiments were carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing, wet ashing and microwave digestion methods. The study of sample preparation procedures showed that the microwave method was the best. The proposed method showed satisfactory recovery, detection limits and standard deviation for trace metal determination in spice samples. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in the samples were in the range of 0.47-1.89, 0.10-0.93, …

Aqueous Extract From Taiwanese Agrocybe Cylindracea Strain B Protects Dna Against • Oh- Mediated Strand Breaks, L.-H. Wang, S.-J. Tsai, S.-Y. Lin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Water extract from Agrocybe cylindracea strain B (ACE), an edible mushroom produced in Taiwan, has previously been studied for its antioxidative activities. ACE is an efficient antioxidant in vitro. Since oxidative alterations of DNA can be linked to the development of cancer, we decided to study whether ACE protects DNA against oxidative stress. We report here that pUC18 plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells' DNA are damaged by • OH radicals generated from Cu (II) plus H2O2. The DNA damage was quantified by determining the diminution of supercoiled DNA forms and the DNA migration after oxidative attack using agarose gel electrophoresis. …

Survey Of Aflatoxin M1 Contamination Of Dairy Products In Taiwan, L.-C. Lin, F.-M. Liu, Y.-M. Fu, D.Y.-C. Shih

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Owing to their nutritional value, dairy products were popular in Taiwan. Aflatoxin M1(AFM1) was the metabolite of potential carcinogen aflatoxin B1 and found in dairy products. An analytical method using immunoaffinty column for extraction and HPLC for quantification was developed for AFM1. The detection limits for fresh milk (pasteurized milk), milk powder and drinking yogurt (0.002, 0.02 and 0.005 ppb, respectively) were 10 times lower than that in the former survey. The recoveries of AFM1 from fresh milk were 83.3 ± 2.9 and 89.5 ± 2.9% at 0.5 and 0.05 ppb spiked levels, respectively. Spiked 5 and 0.5 ppb AFM1 …

Determination Of Cobalt In Foods Using Β-Cyclodextrin Epichlorohydrin Polymer Functionalized With 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-Naphthol, Z.-T. Jiang, R. Li, J.-C. Zhang

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

β-Cyclodextrin epichlorohydrin polymer (β-CDEP) is functionalized with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) and its application for the determination of cobalt by a direct polymer phase spectrophotometry is proposed. Cobalt(II) ions are included/adsorbed by the synthesized polymer to form cobalt-PAN complex. The maximum absorbance of the complex in β-CDEP was 573 nm. The working range of the calibration graph was 0.04-0.36 μg/mL of cobalt. The interferences from copper, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, cadmium, zinc, and molybdenum that form colored species with PAN in the polymer phase were investigated. The method was successfully applied to the determination of cobalt in food samples with satisfactory results …

Formononetin - An Isoflavone Metabolite Found In The Liver Of Rats Fed With Soy Protein Isolate, H.C. Chang, M. Laly, R.L. Prior, T.M. Badger

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Soy protein isolate, containing genistein, daidzein and glycitein, was used to study the profiles of soy isoflavone metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rats. After 50 days, rat liver tissues, serum and urine were analyzed by HPLC-MS and HPLC-ECD. HPLC-APCI-MS results showed that daidzein, equol, genistein and O-DMA were detected. Interestingly, the aglycone and the conjugated forms of formononetin, which is a methylated derivative of daidzein found in many plants, were also observed in rat liver and serum, but not in urine. The respective concentrations of these two forms of formononetin were 0.056 ± 0.022 and 0.621 ± 0.116 nmoL/g (mean ± SD) …

Liquid Chromatographic Method For Determination Of Calcium Pantothenate Preparations And Related Stability Studies, T.-M. Wang, Y.-M. Chiu, L.-C. Lin, M.-C. Hsu

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

This report describes a fast, simple and reliable HPLC method for the assay and quantitative determination of calcium pantothenate in commercial products. The samples were analyzed on a C18 column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (adjusted pH = 2.5 with phosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV absorbance defection at 204 nm. Ampicillin was used as an internal standard. The retention times of calcium pantothenate and ampicillin were 5.3 and 6.5 min, respectively. An equation was presented for linear relationship between peak height ratios of calcium pantothenate to ampicillin and …

Determination Of Major Carotenoids In Human Serum By Liquid Chromatography, M.-S. Tzeng, F.-L. Yang, G.-S. Wang-Hsu, B.-H. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

A simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to determine the major carotenoids in human serum. Lutein, β-carotene and lycopene were separated within 20 min using a C18 column and a mobile phase of methanol/methylene chloride (95:5, v/v) with sample solvent methanol/methylene chloride (45:55, v/v), detection at 476 nm and flow rate at 0.8 mL/min. A high recovery was achieved with this method, which amounted to 92, 90 and 87% for lutein, β -carotene and lycopene, respectively, while the detection limit was 5.0, 10.0 and 4.0 ng/mL. This method was applied to determine the major carotenoids …

Evaluation Of Total Antioxidant Activity Of Several Popular Vegetables And Chinese Herbs: A Fast Approach With Abts/H2o2/Hrp System In Microplates, I.-C. Chen, H.-H. Chang, H.-W. Yang, G.-L. Chen

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Total antioxidant activities for several popular vegetables and traditional Chinese herbs were evaluated in an ABTS/H2O2/HRP system with a microplate reader. This improved method offers a rapid and sensitive way to measure total antioxidant activity of testing samples. Most samples had antioxidative capacities. Among the tested vegetables, sugar beet and red cabbage had the highest total antioxidant activity, whereas tropical Almond Terminalia and Moutan Radicis Cortex had exceptionally high total antioxidant activity in the tested Chinese herbs.