Digital Commons Network^™

The Role Of Small Business Within The National Economy, Zokir Sodiqov

The Light of Islam

The article considers the impact of small business on the development of the national economy, expansion of production, improving the quality of goods and services, increasing employment, strengthening export potential, and efcient organization of imports. In this regard, the analysis of the conditions created in our country, and the basis of the achieved results were done. Also, future challenges and areas for improvement were identifed. One of the priorities in the development of a modern sociallyoriented market economy in our country is to strengthen small business and private entrepreneurship. Economic reforms are underway and a system has been set up …

The Arabic Loanwords In Education Terminology: Linguistic And Statistical Analysis, Nargiza Rashidova

The Light of Islam

This article describes one of the methods for studying the lexical and semantic composition of the language. This method allows determining the number of linguistic units, their frequency and classifes them by proceeding from the basic types of semantic relations. Statistical and semantic analysis of a language enables us to determine the relationship between the original and borrowed parts of the vocabulary of the language. A part of the vocabulary of the Uzbek language, which consisted of Arabic and Persian words in the period of the 30-90s, was replaced by Russian-international borrowings. This article is devoted to the coverage of …

An Artistic Expression Of The Connection Between “Man And The Universe” In The Works By Suhrаb Sipehri, Nargiza Shoaliyeva, Safar Abdulloh

The Light of Islam

The poet and writer Sohrab Sipehri (1928-1980) played a particular role in the formation and development of Iranian poetry at the beginning of the twentieth century. This poet created his style of expression and was an enlightened person who provided a holistic connection of modern philosophical views with orthodox ideas. He was a philosopher-poet, an artistic thinker who was able to give the contemporary content of the interpretation of theories of «Unity» - («wahdat al-wujud») and «Perfect man» - («komil inson») in the traditional system of mystical views. As a great writer he created a new set of poetic emblems …

The Signs And Features Of Arabic Non-Declinable Words, Malika Nasirova

The Light of Islam

Medieval Arab linguists traditionally began their scientifc works with questions of inflection [declension]. Case inflection is the main factor that determines the word’s grammatical function in a sentence and the meaning that it carries. It is well known that there are three cases in the Arabic language with special diacritical markings ( تاكرحHarakaat). The ability of a word to have a particular case leads to its categorization as “complete”, “incomplete” or “non-declining”. The endings of a word in a sentence may change due to the [influencing] factor, or even if the [influencing] factors change, their ending may not change. The …

Youth As A Leading Power Of Uzbekistan, Mukhtor Nazirov

The Light of Islam

The article examines the features of effective interaction between government agencies, NGOs, and other civil institutions on youth issues. State youth policy in Uzbekistan considers revealing the potential of young people and promoting their effective socialization. The article shows the importance of modern education and upbringing, social support of young people in Uzbekistan. The political activity of youth is an indicator of the processes taking place in modern society. The article considers youth policy, the UN international legal documents regulating the youth sphere. The urgency of the youth issue is growing in connection with the deepening of globalization. The solutions …

Theological Discourse Through The Prism Of The Interpretation Of “Al-Fatiha” In The Tafsir Of Abu Mansur Al-Maturidi “Ta’Wilat Ahl As-Sunnah”, Ravil Adygamov

The Light of Islam

To identify the problems of Tafsir was applied to the method of analysis. It revealed the main methodology of the work, its sources and features, as well as the main issues of Islamic law and faith in the interpretation of Surah al-Fatiha. In particular, it was revealed that the theologian raised issues related to the “Basmallah”, the obligation to read al-Fatih in prayer, divine attributes, and istita’a. This made it possible to compare the Tafsir al-Maturidi with the well-known Tafsir at-Tabari and revealed that the frst one is no less signifcant in its content than the second one. The synthesis …

The Rise Of Translation Schools In Central Asia, Baxrom Maxamadxodjaev

The Light of Islam

The authority and prestige of Uzbekistan are growing more and more among the peoples and countries of the world. The people of our country continue to get acquainted with the masterpieces of world literature, translated into Uzbek from other languages of the world. And our translators contribute to the enrichment of the treasury of world literature. In this respect, translation serves as a golden bridge between peoples, nations, countries. Thus, every nation in the world, getting acquainted with unique works created by other nations that enrich our spirituality, contributes to the treasury of human culture. Studying the history of the …

The Architectural Epigraphy Of Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi Tariqah In Central Asia In The Xviii-Xix Centuries, Mekhrojiddin Amonov

The Light of Islam

This article examines the architectural and epigraphic monuments associated with the history of the Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi tariqah in the 18th-19th centuries. Information about this tariqah is obtained based on epigraphic data. The article contains information about the murshids who carried out their activities within the “Suf Allahyar” and “Musakhonkhodja Dahbedi” branches of the Central Asian Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi tariqah in the 18th- 19th centuries, as well as information about architectural monuments and epigraphic inscriptions directly related to them. It also provides valuable information about the activities of the murshids of the tariqah Qamariddin Khuzari and Mavlono Mirmuhammad Ibrahim Khodja Samarqandi, as well as …

Taxation Policy And Land Reforms In Colonial Malaya, Avazbek Ganiyev

The Light of Islam

During the 18th-19th centuries, British influence started to change the situation of the economy and the society of Malaya as a whole. Steps towards the further expansion of the tin mining industry was a turning point, which affected the whole society. The British Straits Settlements of Penang, Malacca, and Singapore were established between 1786 and 1825 and were governed by the East India Company. The tin trade was thrown open to private individuals. Further developments required more labor and funds involvement and as a result, the Chinese came to the central scene and started to invest hugely in Sungei Ujong …

About Medieval Egyptian Historians, Zukhra Aripova

The Light of Islam

This article is dedicated to the life and work of historians of the Mamluk period (1250-1517) in Egypt and the rich heritage left by them. In the XIII-XV centuries, Egypt had a special place among the countries of the Middle East due to the activities of the Mamluks. The prestige of the Mamluk sultans increased due to their victories in the fght against the Crusaders and the Mongols in the Middle East. The establishment of Mamluk rule in the history of Egypt, the growth of the superiority of military Mamluks in the country, the rise of the Bakhrit Mamluk sultans …

Human Rights And Obligations In Burhaniddin Al-Marginani’S Work “Al-Hidaya”, Boburmirzo Botirov

The Light of Islam

The study of the life and work of scientists, in particular, the heritage of scholars-faqihs of Maverannahr, who have great authority in all regions of the
Islamic world, is becoming increasingly important in the world aspect. Their works on jurisprudence still serve as textbooks on Islamic law. This fact proves the importance and relevance of studying the history of origin, stages of development, and distinctive features of jurisprudence in Maverannahr. The article provides information on the study of ideas and recommendations in the book of Burkhaniddin al-Marginani al-Hidaya and analysis of the guidelines for the regulation of property relations, which …

Arbitration (Tahkim) And Reconciliation (Sulh) In Islam As Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms, Saidilyos Khakimov

The Light of Islam

The main reason behind this work is to illustrate the current need for Islamic alternative dispute resolution methods and offer analysis to show the benefts of their applications. There has been a vivid rise in ADRs’ recognition globally as a substitute for litigation and related issues that would be better if addressed with an Islamic perspective. The wide usage of the term has been intensifed uninterruptedly after the second half of the 20th century. This paper intends to introduce a 1,5-centuryyear-old background of legally institutionalized arbitration
(Tahkim) and reconciliation (Sulh), Islamic means or ways of alternative dispute resolution. I will …

Yunini Copy Of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Feruz Kholmuminov, Oybek Sotvoldiev

The Light of Islam

Among the collections of hadiths, the work of Imam al-Bukhari “Sahih al-Bukhari” is recognized as the most reliable book of hadiths. From the history of the creation of the work, it is known that Imam al-Bukhari created this work with great patience and perseverance for 16 years. It should be noted that the ideal and perfect state in which it has come down to our days is the result of the enormous work put into it. This process consisted of several stages. At the frst stage, several storytellers listened to “Sahih” from Imam Bukhari himself and wrote the book directly …

The Concept Of Marifat In Sufism, Nilufar Tuychieva

The Light of Islam

The theoretical foundations of Sufism, as well as spiritual and psychological exercises, methods of self-improvement tempering were developed at the beginning of the IX century. By the same period, the concepts of tariqah, ma’rifah, and haqiqah were formed, based on which a special system of views of tasawwuf was created. One of the main features of tasawwuf is that it is not limited to theoretical knowledge and principles applied in practical life with the help of tarikahs. This trend, called tasawwuf in theory, is called tariqah in practice. Tasawwuf originally comes from an ascetic movement that emphasized practice. Sufs believe …

Sufi Issues On The Pages Of The Spiritual Journal Of The Arabists Of Dagestan “Bayan Al-Haqa’Iq” (1925-1928), Amir Navruzov

The Light of Islam

The article introduces us to the Arabic-language magazine of the Dagestani Muslim reformers of the frst third of the XX century “Bayan al-Haqa’iq” In a short introduction, the author explains the policy of tsarism towards the Muslims of Dagestan in the pre-revolutionary period, and then the Bolsheviks in the frst years of Soviet power, explains the reason for the permission of the Soviet government to publish an Arabic-language magazineand gives a description of the main goals and objectives of this magazine. Topics that took place in the Islamic discourse of Muslim reformers of Dagestan on the pages of the magazine …

Reducing Calories Of Margarins, Khodjaev Sarvar, Abdurakhimov Saidakbar, Akramova Rano

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The goal is to reduce the calorie content of margarines by changing the composition and fat base. In this regard, we studied the change in caloric content and the content of trans-acids in margarines with a change in their fat content. To reduce calorie content, the fat base of margarine was also reduced to 60%, and to increase the biological value of the product, it was enriched with highly unsaturated fatty acids. It was determined that with an increase in the number of unsaturated fatty acids and a decrease in the margarine fat content, the stability of the emulsion deteriorates. …

Chromatographic Analysis Of The Effect Of Catalyst Quantities On The Hydrogenization Process, Rakhimov Dilshod, Ruzibayev Akbarali, Eyupov Edem, Dadamukhamedov Khojiakbar

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Oil and fat industry is one of the important sectors of the food industry. Salomas (Hydrogenated oil) for food and technical purposes are the main components of margarine products, toilet, household soaps, various technological lubricants, cosmetic creams and can be used as valuable chemical raw materials. Objective: ox work is to study the effect of the amount of catalyst on the hydrogenation of cottonseed oil by chromatographic analysis of the resulting salomas. It is confirmed that an increase in the amount of the catalyst from 0.05 to 0.4% increases the melting point of salomas and reduces the iodine number, which …

Water-Soluble Jerusalem Artichoke Extracts As Fat Replacer In Dietary Margarine Recipe, Salijanova Shahnozaxon, Ruzibayev Akbarali, Rakhimov Dilshod, Xusanov Zafar

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Creating dietary margarines using biologically valuable substances is the purpose of the work. According to the results of the experiments, it was found that the use of soybean oil, edible vegetable phospholipids and a Jerusalem artichoke extract in the margarine, allowed reducing the amount of fat and enriching the margarine with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, dietary fibre, inulin and other water-soluble substances. Based on these studies prepared margarine enriched inulin and essential fatty acids, which provide not only a preventive property of the finished product, but also high flavor indicators, as well as, original and attractive appearance.

Optimal Conditions Of Fermentation Of The Pichia Pastoris Yeast Expressing The Recombinant Pres2-S Protein (M-Hbsag) Of Hepatitis B Virus (Hbv), Sasmakоv Sobirdjan, Ashirоv Оybek, Abdurakhmanоv Jaloliddin, Xasanоv Shuhrat

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of this study is determination of optimal fermentation conditions of the Pichia pastoris yeast expressing the recombinant Pres2-S protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV). For this purpose we investigated the main factors influencing for the cultivation of recombinant strain of the yeast Pichia pastoris pPIC3,5-S-HBsAg - the composition of the nutrient medium, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). As a result, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the optimal concentration of methanol ≈1.0 %, which is the initiator and the only source of carbon for protein expression in the Mut+ phenotype Pichia pastoris yeast cells was determined. In the selected …

Mixed Complex Compounds Of Palmitate, Oleate Calcium With Acetamide, Nicotinamide And Thiocarbamide, Ibadullaeva Tursunoy, Azizov Tokhir, Ibragimova Мavluda

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The purpose of the study was the synthesis and study of the structure of mixed complexes of palmitate, calcium oleate with acetamide, nicotinamide and thiocarbamide. The mixed coordination compounds of palmitate and calcium oleate were synthesized. The composition, individuality, thermal behavior, methods of coordinating the palmitate and oleate fragments, acetamide, nicotinamide and thiocarbamide molecules have been established. Comparison of the diffraction patterns of calcium palmitate and oleate, free ligand molecules and synthesized compounds showed the mismatch of the diffractograms, conseqently that the synthesized complexes have an individual crystal lattice different from the starting materials. The method of coordination of amide …

Synthesis Of Esters Of Halogenoacetic Acids, Yuldasheva Muxabbat, Turaev Sherzod

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Amidoalkylating reagents containing a phthalimide group are used in the synthesis of hard-to-reach primary amines and complex heterocyclic compounds. These types of amidoalkylating compounds are suitable reagents for nucleophilic substituted reactions in acidic media due to their resistance to acids. Result of reactions of amidoalkylating reagents-N-hydroxyethylphthalimide and N-hydroxymethylphthalimide with aliphatic carbonic acids can also produce new bactericidal and fungicidal esters. In this study, halogen acids reacted with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide monochloric acetic acid, monobromic acetic acid, monoiodic acetic acid, trifluoric acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid, as well as, N-b-hydroxyethylphthaleidyl monohydric acid. As a result of the reactions, new phthalimidomethyl and phthalimidoethyl esters …

Optimization Composition Of The Wood-Polymer Composition Based On Polyvinylchloride, Aliyev Sunnatulla, Ilkhamov Giyos, Jurayev Asror, Magrupov Farkhad

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The objective of the reaserch is to elaboration the composition of a wood-polymer composition based on polyvinyl chloride with improved performance properties. The influence of the components of the composition - modifiers, lubricants, regulators and stabilizers - on the properties of the composition was researched. Optimization of the composition of wood-polymer composition based on PVC made it possible to obtain a material with higher strength and fire resistance.

Low-Resistance Bi/Pb Ceramics Containing Ts = 295К-315k Phases Synthesized In A Solar Furnace (Parkent), Gulamova Dilbara, Gulamov Timur

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of this work is to obtain bulk textured superconducting ceramics based on glass-crystalline precursors of the Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca(n-1)CunOy (n=5-9) series. Technologies for obtaining superconducting materials are presented. The advantages of melt methods and “Super Fast Aloys Quenching–T” technology is shown. Compositions, methods of synthesis and study of properties of precursors and ceramics obtained by solar energy are presented. The interrelation of the morphology of glass-crystalline precursors and superconducting ceramics based on them is revealed. It is shown that nano-sized nuclei are the basis on which superconducting phases with Ts = 295-315K are formed as a result of the peritectic …

Identifying Successful Strategies Within An Extrinsic Reward System To Improve Behavior In The Alternative School Setting, Christian Burner

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this Delphi study was to identify strategies that are successful within a school-wide extrinsic rewards system to improve alternative school student behavior in the alternative school setting. A second purpose was to rate the effectiveness of the identified strategies for improving alternative school student behavior in the alternative school setting.

Methodology: This study used a Delphi method, consisting of 3 rounds, to collect data from alternative schoolteachers who are experts in implementing strategies within a school-wide extrinsic rewards system. In Round 1, participants were asked to identify strategies to improve student behavior in the alternative school …

Mental Health And The High-Performing Student: A Study Of Stressors And Effective Supports For High-Achieving High School Students, Jodi Boyle

Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of high-achieving 11th- and 12th-grade high school students participating in International Baccalaureate (IB), Advanced Placement (AP), or Honors courses. An additional purpose of this study was to identify the academic and social stressors experienced by students and the coping strategies used to overcome them.

Methodology: This study used a phenomenological research design to describe the lived experiences, academic and social stressors, and coping strategies of high-achieving students. For this study, in-depth interviews were conducted to understand the academic and social experiences of students participating in …

What Can Democrats Learn From Trump’S 2020 Performance?, Bruce Ledewitz

Newspaper Columns

Collected biweekly contributions to the Pennsylvania Capital-Star, a nonpartisan, nonprofit news site.

3-In-1 Hybrid Learning Environment, Holly Hapke, Anita Lee-Post, Tereza Dean

Marketing & Supply Chain Faculty Publications

We propose a learning innovation called 3-in-1 Hybrid environment as a solution for educational institutions to meet the challenge of balancing campus reopening against public health risks amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Our proposed innovation provides students options to attend class synchronously (either face-to-face or remote) or asynchronously (online) in an interactive learning environment that promotes emotional, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. We designed and implemented a large Marketing Management class with over 800 students as a 3-in-1 course. We examined its effectiveness in an empirical study and found that (1) students have a positive attitude toward 3-in-1 Hybrid learning; (2) they …

Multilingual Literature In Writing Classes: Bringing Out Students’ Authentic Voices, Ekaterina Arshavskaya

World Languages and Cultures Faculty Publications

In this paper, I argue for using the texts written by multilingual writers in second language writing courses. Grounded in the ideas of translanguaging, this instructional approach supports students in using various linguistic resources for different purposes, thus allowing them both to develop positive multilingual and multicultural identities and experience a sense of belonging in the U.S. Moreover, the discussions around the texts were based on a flipped classroom model and were facilitated through an online literature discussion forum. Students' papers and responses in an end-of-semester survey were analyzed using content analysis. The article highlights students' reactions to this instructional …

A Multidisciplinary Approach To Investigate Deep-Pelagic Ecosystem Dynamics In The Gulf Of Mexico Following Deepwater Horizon, April Cook, Andrea Bernard, Kevin M. Boswell, Heather Bracken-Grissom Dr., Marta D'Elia, Sergio Derada, Cole Easson, David English, Ron Eytan, Tamara Frank, Chuanmin Hu, Matt Johnston, Heather Judkins, Chad Lembke, Jose Lopez, Rosanna Milligan, Jon A. Moore, Brad Penta, Nina Pruzinsky, John A. Quinlan, Travis M. Richards, Isabel C. Romero, Mahmood S. Shivji, Michael Vecchione, Max D. Weber, R.J. David Wells, Tracey Sutton

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The pelagic Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is a complex system of dynamic physical oceanography (western boundary current, mesoscale eddies), high biological diversity, and community integration via diel vertical migration and lateral advection. Humans also heavily utilize this system, including its deep-sea components, for resource extraction, shipping, tourism, and other commercial activity. This utilization has had impacts, some with disastrous consequences. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWHOS) occurred at a depth of ∼1500 m (Macondo wellhead), creating a persistent and toxic mixture of hydrocarbons and dispersant in the deep-pelagic (water column below 200 m depth) habitat. In order to assess the …

Cardozo Law News Brief: December 29, 2020, Benjamin N. Cardozo School Of Law

Cardozo Law News Brief 2020

Featured Faculty:

• Jessica Roth
• Edward Zelinsky
• Samuel Weinstein
• Richard Weisberg
• Rebecca Ingber
• Lela Love
• Gabor Rona

Campus News:

• Cardozo Introduces Gates Scholars Program

Events:

• Intensive Trial Advocacy Program (ITAP)
• Intensive Mediation Advocacy Program (IMAP)
• Intensive Transactional Lawyering Program (ITRANS)