Digital Commons Network^™

Demography Of A Recovery: Tracking The Rebound Of Little Brown Bat (Myotis Lucifugus) Populations, Katherine Ineson

Doctoral Dissertations

As the emergence of novel diseases in wildlife becomes more common, a better understanding of the impact of disease on populations and their demographic rates will be critical for their conservation. Populations naturally fluctuate over time as a function of the rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration, while at the individual level the chances of mortality and reproduction may be influenced by age and physiological condition. Diseases, particularly emerging infectious diseases, can cause immediate and severe changes in demographic rates. While some populations and species may go extinct due to high mortality rates, others may persist in smaller, but …

Effects Of Nearshore Processes On Carbonate Chemistry Dynamics And Ocean Acidification, Melissa Melendez

Doctoral Dissertations

Time series from open ocean fixed stations have robustly documented secular changes in carbonate chemistry and long-term ocean acidification (OA) trends as a direct response to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, few high-frequency coastal carbon time series are available in reef systems, where most affected tropical marine organisms reside. Seasonal variations in carbonate chemistry at Cheeca Rocks (CR), Florida, and La Parguera (LP), Puerto Rico, are presented based on 8 and 10 years of continuous, high-quality measurements, respectively. This dissertation synthesizes autonomous and bottle observations to model carbonate chemistry and to understand how physical and biological processes affect …

Parasitic Infection Surveillance In Mississippi Delta Children, Richard S. Bradbury, Irene Arguello, Meredith Lane, Gretchen Cooley, Sukwan Handali, Silvia D. Dimitrova, Fernanda S. Nascimento, Sam Jameson, Kathryn Hellmann, Michelle Tharp, Paul Byers, Susan P. Montgomery, Lisa Haynie, Brian Kirmse, Nils Pilotte, Steven A. Williams, Charlotte V. Hobbs

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Some recent studies suggest ongoing transmission of parasitic diseases in the American South; however, surveys in Mississippi children are lacking. We enrolled 166 children (median age 8 years, range 4–13 years) from the Mississippi Delta region and carried out multi-parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Strongyloides stercoralis on their stool samples. Dried blood spots were obtained for multiplex serology antibody detection. Of 166 children, all reported having flushable toilets, 11% had soil exposure, and 34% had a pet dog or cat. None had prior diagnosis or treatment of parasitic disease. Multi-parallel real-time PCRs were …

Racial Justice And The Image Of Public Health, Marilyn Fischer

Philosophy Faculty Publications

The City Commission in my hometown of Dayton, Ohio recently adopted a resolution declaring racism a public health crisis. In doing so, Dayton joins municipalities around the country, as the global pandemic of coronavirus COVID-19 swirls around us. The Commission gave compelling reasons for their action, citing the disparate rates of poor health outcomes in African American communities, as well as disproportionately high rates of poverty, unemployment, economic distress, homelessness, incarceration, and inadequate education.

The Commission’s commitment to remedy these inequities is welcome. Others have laid out this evidence in much detail; I want to focus here on public health …

Language Of The Ill: Observations On Disability In A Time Of Pandemic, Deonte Osayande

The North Meridian Review

No abstract provided.

Volume 104, Number 3 (Fall/Winter 2020-21)

Judicature

No abstract provided.

Hs-4100 - Global Health Issues, Jose Nanin

Open Educational Resources

This syllabus includes OER materials and college policies for a fully online course that takes a comprehensive look at global health issues. In this course, the assessment of health issues are analyzed from various perspectives including geographic, ethnic, religious, human rights, socioeconomic, social, cultural, and political influences. Students learn about global environmental causes and consequences of infectious diseases, major diseases, mental illness, natural disasters, malnutrition, drug and alcohol addiction, violence and injuries.

Mindful Matters: Addressing Barriers To Classroom-Based Mindfulness, Kirsten Munk

Doctoral Projects

A growing body of research suggests that incorporating classroom-based mindfulness interventions in elementary schools is associated with improvements in student behavior, self-regulation, and measures of mental health. However, the adoption of teacher-led mindfulness programs in California’s public schools has not been widely embraced. This doctoral project explored the impact of an educational intervention on pre-service teachers’ perceptions, attitudes, and intentions to implement mindfulness interventions in their classrooms. A brief educational intervention and website resource were provided to multidisciplinary teaching credential students in a 2-year graduate credential program. Participants completed a pre- and post-intervention survey to evaluate their intentions to implement …

Mesenchymal Stem Cells And Their Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Game Changer For The Covid-19 Crisis, Dina H. Kassem, Mohamed M. Kamal

Pharmacy

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health crisis. The high infectivity of the disease even from non-symptomatic infected patients, together with the lack of a definitive cure or preventive measures are all responsible for disease outbreak. The severity of COVID-19 seems to be mostly dependent on the patients’ own immune response. The over-activation of the immune system in an attempt to kill the virus, can cause a “cytokine storm” which in turn can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as multi-organ damage, and ultimately may lead to death. Thus, harnessing the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal …

Thou Shalt Vaccinate Thy Children: New York's Attempt To Curb Abuse Of Religious Exemptions, Ryan Boylan

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

2020-September-01-Department Of Biomedical Sciences Awarded More Than Million Since January, University Marketing And Communication, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

JOHNSON CITY – Faculty in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at East Tennessee State University’s Quillen College of Medicine have received more than $7 million in extramural funding so far this year to conduct research ranging from substance misuse to kidney disease.

The grant proposals were funded by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health; the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; the National Institute on Drug Abuse; and the American Heart Association.

“We have welcomed several new faculty members to the Department of Biomedical Sciences over the past few years,” …

Interleukin-6 Versus C-Reactive Protein As Markers For Early Detection Of Bacteremia In Febrile Neutropenia In Pediatric Population, Manasi Gupta, Pushpa Kini, Y. Bhat, Shrikiran Aroor

Open Access archive

Introduction: Systemic infection leading to multiorgan failure during neutropenia is one of the leading causes of treatment-related mortality among children receiving chemotherapy. Reliable markers are needed to diagnose or rule out infection, to reduce the empirical use of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to compare the role of interleukin-6 versus C-reactive protein (CRP) as markers of sepsis in febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients while on chemotherapy for malignancy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care Hospital in South India. All children with malignancy …

Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection Can Induce The Expression Of Human Endogenous Retrovirus W In Primary Cells, Arthur Dechaumes, Antoine Bertin, Famara Sane, Sandrine Levet

Open Access archive

Human Endogenous Retrovirus W Envelope (HERV-W ENV) mRNA or protein can be found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and exocrine pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further, previous observations have shown an association between enteroviral infection and development of T1D; specifically, coxsackievirus-B (CV-B) has been detected in the blood and pancreas of patients with T1D. Notably, viruses can activate HERV-W expression. Hence, we evaluated the effect of CV-B4 infection on HERV-W ENV mRNA expression. Primary human pancreatic ductal cells were obtained from five brain-dead donors. In the pancreatic cells of three donors, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level …

Targeting The Id1-Kif11 Axis In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Combination Therapy, Archana P. Thankamony, Reshma Murali, Nitheesh Karthikeyan, Binitha Anu Varghese

Open Access archive

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) and inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) (referred to as Id) have an important role in maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype. In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular mechanism underlying Id control of CSC phenotype and exploit it for therapeutic purposes. We used two different TNBC tumor models marked by either Id depletion or Id1 expression in order to identify Id targets using a combinatorial analysis of RNA sequencing and microarray data. Phenotypically, Id protein depletion leads to cell …

Resource Plasticity-Driven Carbon-Nitrogen Budgeting Enables Specialization And Division Of Labor In A Clonal Community, Sriram Varahan, Vaibhhav Sinha, Adhish Walvekar, Sandeep Krishna

Open Access archive

Previously, we found that in glucose-limited Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies, metabolic constraints drive cells into groups exhibiting gluconeogenic or glycolytic states. In that study, threshold amounts of trehalose-a limiting, produced carbon-resource, controls the emergence and self-organization of cells exhibiting the glycolytic state, serving as a carbon source that fuels glycolysis (Varahan et al., 2019). We now discover that the plasticity of use of a non-limiting resource, aspartate, controls both resource production and the emergence of heterogeneous cell states, based on differential metabolic budgeting. In gluconeogenic cells, aspartate is a carbon source for trehalose production, while in glycolytic cells using trehalose for …

“When I Breastfeed, It Feels As If My Soul Leaves The Body”: Maternal Capabilities For Healthy Child Growth In Rural Southeastern Tanzania, Zaina Mchome, Sepideh Yousefzadeh, Ajay Bailey, Hinke Haisma

Open Access archive

The burden of childhood stunting in Tanzania is persistently high, even in high food-producing regions. This calls for a paradigm shift in Child Growth Monitoring (CGM) to a multi-dimensional approach that also includes the contextual information of an individual child and her/his caregivers. To contribute to the further development of CGM to reflect local contexts, we engaged the Capability Framework for Child Growth (CFCG) to identify maternal capabilities for ensuring healthy child growth. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in Southeastern Tanzania using in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions with caregivers for under-fives. Three maternal capabilities for …

A Multi-Institutional Analysis Of Sternoclavicular Joint Coverage Following Osteomyelitis, Sammy Othman, Omar Elfanagely, Saïd C Azoury, Geoffrey M Kozak, Jessica Cunning, Arturo J Rios-Diaz, Prashanth Palvannan, Patrick J. Greaney, Matthew Jenkins, Doraid Jarrar, Stephen J Kovach, John P Fischer

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) osteomyelitis is a rare pathology requiring urgent intervention. Several operative approaches have been described with conflicting reports. Here, we present a multi-institutional study utilizing multiple surgical pathways for SCJ reconstruction.

METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify patients who underwent surgical repair for sternoclavicular osteomyelitis between 2008 and 2019. Patients were stratified according to reconstruction approach: single-stage reconstruction with advancement flap and delayed-reconstruction with flap following initial debridement. Demographics, operative approach, type of reconstruction, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were identified. Mean patient age was 56.2±13.8 years and 68.8% were …

Pestilence And Other Calamities In Civilizational Theory: Sorokin, Mcneill, Diamond, And Beyond, Vlad Alalykin-Izvekov

Comparative Civilizations Review

This paper analyses the phenomenon of pestilence through paradigmatic and methodological lenses of several outstanding social scholars, including Pitirim A. Sorokin, William H. McNeill, and Jared M. Diamond. All three thinkers have advanced original, fundamental, and revolutionary paradigms regarding the profound role which infectious diseases played, are playing, and will continue to play in world history and culture. The phenomenon of pestilence is studied in the context of other major calamities. The relevant historic, as well as contemporary macro-level and long-term sociocultural research, is reviewed. The author advances a number of original concepts, as well as makes relevant projections into …

"The Day Of Realization": A Review Essay Of Abbie Gardner's The Spirit Lake Massacre And Captivity Of Abbie Gardner, James C. Schaap

Pro Rege

No abstract provided.

Incidence And Molecular Characterization Of Fungi And Yeast Isolated From Cultured Catfish And Nile Tilapia., Ola Hashem, Viola Zaki, Radwia Adawy

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affecting freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala as well as molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods.Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species …

Context-Specific Challenges, Opportunities, And Ethics Of Drones For Healthcare Delivery In The Eyes Of Program Managers And Field Staff: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study, Vyshnave Jeyabalan, Elysée Nouvet, Patrick Meier, Lorie Donelle Phd, Rn, Fcan

Publications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have significant potential in the healthcare field. Ethical and practical concerns, challenges, and complexities of using drones for specific and diverse healthcare purposes have been minimally explored to date. This paper aims to document and advance awareness of diverse context-specific concerns, challenges, and complexities encountered by individuals working on the front lines of drones for health. It draws on original qualitative research and data from semi-structured interviews (N = 16) with drones for health program managers and field staff in nine countries. Directed thematic analysis was used to analyze interviews and identify …

Personality Affects Dynamics Of An Experimental Pathogen In Little Brown Bats, Quinn M.R. Webber, Craig K.R. Willis

KIP Articles

Host behaviour can affect host–pathogen dynamics and theory predicts that certain individuals disproportionately infect conspecifics during an epidemic. Consistent individual differences in behaviour, or personality, could influence this variation with the most exploratory or sociable individuals most likely to spread pathogens. We quantified exploration and sociability in little brown bats ( Myotis lucifugus ) and then experimentally manipulated exposure to a proxy pathogen (i.e. ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent powder) to test two related hypotheses: (i) more sociable and more exploratory individuals would be more likely to transmit infections to other individuals, and (ii) more sociable and more exploratory individuals uninfected with …

The Clinical Outcome Of Hiv Infection At A Tertiary Care Center In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Abeer M. Baadani, Sulafa Ballool, Salwa Alhemyadi, Lina Sallam, Eid Alsufyani, Alaa Alghamdi, Wafaa Alfahad

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To investigate clinical characteristics and the outcome of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) at tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The present retrospective, observational study was carried between 2000-2019 at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The demographic and clinical characteristics of 137 PLWHIV patients were collected by reviewing the medical data record. Results: Of the total 137 PLWHIV, 78.8% were male and 21.2% were female. At care entry, the most opportunistic infections found were the cytomegalovirus infections. cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in 13.8% of patients, tuberculosis (8%), AIDS associated malignancy (10.9%), hepatitis B (5.8%), …

Digital Contact Tracing Technologies In Epidemics: A Rapid Review

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Public Cleanliness Satisfaction Survey [2019], Paulin Straughan, Mathews Mathew

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

The Singapore Management University undertook the third wave of the Public Cleanliness Satisfaction Survey (PCSS) with 1716 Singapore resident respondents providing responses before the start of the Circuit Breaker.

The 2019 wave of the PCSS continued to reflect the overall satisfaction with public cleanliness in Singapore. Satisfaction with cleanliness and cleaning services has improved substantially across all domains.

Ninety three percent of survey respondents were satisfied with the cleanliness of public spaces that they had recently visited, a 9% increase from the findings in 2018.

There was a substantial increase in satisfaction with the cleanliness of food and beverage (F&B) …

Full Issue

Comparative Civilizations Review

No abstract provided.

Tuberculosis Of The Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle - A Case Report, Shah Fahad, Naveed Baloch, Nasir Ud Din

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Tuberculosis involving almost any organ of the body is a major problem in developing countries. The most commonly affected site in tuberculosis is the lung. Of the extra pulmonary tuberculosis, musculoskeletal involvement accounts for 1-5% of the cases. Muscular involvement in tuberculosis is a rare manifestation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Unusual presentations often go undetected and are associated with a diagnostic and therapeutic delay. This case report presents tuberculosis of the flexor carpi radialis.

How I Treat Acute And Persistent Sickle Cell Pain., Samir K. Ballas

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Sickle pain is the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD). It could be acute, persistent/relapsing, chronic, or neuropathic. Although there is a general consensus that pain is a major manifestation of SCD, there is a controversy as to the types of pain and their interrelationship between acute, chronic, relapsing, persistent, etc. This report first reviews the general approach to the management of acute vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) pain, including education, counseling, pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacotherapy, and fluid therapy. This is followed by the presentation of five patients that represent typical issues that are commonly encountered in the management of patients with SCD. These …

Biographical Feature: Robin Patel, M.D.(C.M.), D(Abmm), F(Aam), Fidsa, Facp, Erik Munson

Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Covid-19: Postmortem Diagnostic And Biosafety Considerations, J Matthew Lacy, Erin G. Brooks, Joshua Akers, Danielle Armstrong, Lauren Decker, Adam Gonzalez, William Humphrey, Romana Mayer, Matthew Miller, Catherine Perez, Jose Antonio Ruiz Arango, Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran, Wendy Stroh, Suzanne Utley

Pathology Research and Scholarship

As a result of the 2019 novel human coronavirus (COVID-19) global spread, medical examiner/coroner offices will inevitably encounter increased numbers of COVID-19-infected decedents at autopsy. While in some cases a history of fever and/or respiratory distress (eg, cough or shortness of breath) may suggest the diagnosis, epidemiologic studies indicate that the majority of individuals infected with COVID-19 develop mild to no symptoms. Those dying with-but not of-COVID-19 may still be infectious, however. While multiple guidelines have been issued regarding autopsy protocol in cases of suspected COVID-19 deaths, there is some variability in the recommendations. Additionally, limited recommendations to date have …