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Vol.48 N.22 December 17th 2020, Voice Media Ventures

Black Voice News

No abstract provided.

A Clinical Epidemiology And Molecular Attribution Evaluation Of Adenoviruses In Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis: A Case-Control Study, Kanti Pabbaraju, Raymond Tellier, Xiao-Li Pang, Jianling Xie, Bonita E Lee, Linda Chui, Ran Zhuo, Otto G Vanderkooi, Samina Ali, Phillip I Tarr, Anna Funk, Stephen B Freedman

Open Access Publications

The objective of this study was to characterize the etiological role of human adenovirus (HAdV) serotypes in pediatric gastroenteritis. Using a case-control design, we compared the frequencies of HAdV serotypes between children with ≥3 episodes of vomiting or diarrhea within 24 h and <7 days of symptoms (i.e., cases) and those with no infectious symptoms (i.e., controls). Stool samples and/or rectal swabs underwent molecular serotyping with cycle threshold (Ct) values provided by multiplex real-time reverse transcription-PCR testing. Cases without respiratory symptoms were analyzed to calculate the proportion of disease attributed to individual HAdV serotypes (i.e., attributable fraction). Between December 2014 and August 2018, adenoviruses were detected in 18.8% (629/3,347) of cases and 7.2% (97/1,355) of controls, a difference of 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6%, 13.5%). In 96% (95% CI, 92 to 98%) of HAdV F40/41 detections, the symptoms could be attributed to the identified serotype; when serotypes C1, C2, C5, and C6 were detected, they were responsible for symptoms in 52% (95% CI, 12 to 73%). Ct values were lower among cases than among controls (

Digital Image Analysis For The Detection Of Group B Streptococcus From Chromid Strepto B Medium Using Phenomatrix Algorithms, Justin Baker, Karen Timm, Matthew Faron, Nathan Ledeboer, Karissa Culbreath

Pathology Research and Scholarship

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) can be found to colonize about 25% of all healthy, adult women and is the leading infectious cause of early neonatal morbidity and mortality in the United States. This study evaluated the clinical performance of PhenoMatrix (PM) chromogenic detection module (CDM) digital imaging software in detection of GBS from LIM broth plated on ChromID Strepto B chromogenic medium (ChromID) using the WASP automated processor. The performance of the PM CDM was compared to manual culture review of the digital images and molecular detection of GBS. ChromID alone had a sensitivity and specificity of 84.5% and 94.7%, …

Open Drug Discovery Of Anti-Virals Critical For Canada’S Pandemic Strategy, Tania M. Bubela, E. Richard Gold, Vivek Goel, Max Morgan, Karen Mossman, Jason Nickerson, David Patrick, Aled Edwards

Office of the Provost

In the event of the current COVID-19 pandemic and in preparation for future pandemics, open science can support mission-oriented research and development, as well as commercialization. Open science shares skills and resources across sectors; avoids duplication and provides the basis for rapid and effective validation due to full transparency. It is a strategy that can adjust quickly to reflect changing incentives and priorities, because it does not rely on any one actor or sector. While eschewing patents, it can ensure high-quality drugs, low pricing, and access through existing regulatory mechanisms. Open science practices and partnerships decrease transaction costs, increase diversity …

Correction: Moxley, R.A., Et Al. Intimate Attachment Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 To Urinary Bladder Epithelium In The Gnotobiotic Piglet Model. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 263, Rodney A. Moxley, Tom W. Bargar, Stephen D. Kachman, Diane R. Baker, David Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: On page 2, the sentence that reads, “Hence, EHEC is a rare but established cause of HUS in children and adults.” should read, “Hence, EHEC is a rare but established cause of UTI-associated HUS in children and adults.” On page 4, the sentence that reads, “As noted previously, 14 of 126 (13.3%) piglets orally inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 strains developed mild to moderate purulent cystitis within 8 d PI [25] (Table 1).” should read, “As noted previously, 14 of 105 (13.3%) piglets orally inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 strains …

Association Between Duration Of Residence And Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Male South Asian Expatriate Workers In The United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study, Syed Mahboob Shah, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Fatima Al-Maskari, Juma Al-Kaabi, Faisal Aziz, Elpidoforos Soteriades, Tom Loney, Hamed Farooqi, Anjum Memon, Raghib Ali

Department of Family Medicine

Expatriates account for about 80% of the total population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that prevalence of type 2 diabetes in male South Asian expatriates increases with increased length of residence in the UAE.
Design, settings and participants: This cross-sectional study recruited a representative sample (n=1375) of male South Asian expatriates aged ≥18 years in Al Ain, UAE. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle data were obtained using a pilot-tested adapted version of the WHO STEPS instrument.
Main outcome measures: Duration of residence was used as a marker for acculturation. Type 2 diabetes was …

Infection-Induced 5'-Half Molecules Of Trnahisgug Activate Toll-Like Receptor 7., Kamlesh Pawar, Megumi Shigematsu, Soroush Sharbati, Yohei Kirino

Computational Medicine Center Faculty Papers

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Although endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, their endogenous RNA ligands have not been fully explored. Here, we report 5'-tRNA half molecules as abundant activators of TLR7. Mycobacterial infection and accompanying surface TLR activation up-regulate the expression of 5'-tRNA half molecules in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). The abundant accumulation of 5'-tRNA halves also occur in HMDM-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs); the abundance of EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG half molecules is >200-fold higher than that of the most abundant EV-microRNA (miRNA). Sequence identification of the 5'-tRNA halves using cP-RNA-seq revealed abundant and selective packaging …

Comparison Of Upper Respiratory Viral Load Distributions In Asymptomatic And Symptomatic Children Diagnosed With Sars-Cov-2 Infection In Pediatric Hospital Testing Programs, Larry K Kociolek, Bijal A Parikh, Ariel Hernandez-Leyva, Et Al

Open Access Publications

The distribution of upper respiratory viral loads (VL) in asymptomatic children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unknown. We assessed PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and estimated VL in infected asymptomatic children diagnosed in nine pediatric hospital testing programs. Records for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with positive clinical SARS-CoV-2 tests were reviewed. Ct values were (i) adjusted by centering each value around the institutional median Ct value from symptomatic children tested with that assay and (ii) converted to estimated VL (numbers of copies per milliliter) using internal or manufacturer data. Adjusted Ct values and estimated VL …

Gender Variations In Neonatal And Early Infant Mortality In India And Pakistan: A Secondary Analysis From The Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry, Zubair H. Aghai, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Archana Patel, Sarah Saleem, Sangappa M. Dhaded, Avinash Kavi, Parth Lalakia, Farnaz Naqvi, Patricia L. Hibberd, Elizabeth M. Mcclure

Community Health Sciences

Background: To determine the gender differences in neonatal mortality, stillbirths, and perinatal mortality in south Asia using the Global Network data from the Maternal Newborn Health Registry.
Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the three south Asian sites of the Global Network. The maternal and neonatal demographic, clinical characteristics, rates of stillbirths, early neonatal mortality (1-7 days), late neonatal mortality (8-28 days), mortality between 29-42 days and the number of infants hospitalized after birth were compared between the male and female infants.
Results: Between 2010 and 2018, 297,509 births [154,790 males (52.03%) and 142,719 …

The Cardiac Neural Crest Cells In Heart Development And Congenital Heart Defects, Eileen M Burd, Ahmed Babiker, Jessica K Fairley, Divya Bhamidipati, Laila E Woc-Colburn, Blaine A Mathison

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Longitudinal Care Cascade Outcomes Among People Eligible For Antiretroviral Therapy Who Are Newly Linking To Care In Zambia: A Multistate Analysis, Aaloke Mody, David V Glidden, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Kombatende Sikombe, Sandra Simbeza, Njekwa Mukamba, Paul Somwe, Laura K Beres, Jake Pry, Carolyn Bolton-Moore, Nancy Padian, Charles B Holmes, Izukanji Sikazwe, Elvin H Geng

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is dynamic, with patients frequently transitioning in and out of care. Analytical approaches (eg, survival analyses) commonly used to assess HIV care cascade outcomes fail to capture such transitions and therefore incompletely represent care outcomes over time.

METHODS: We analyzed antiretroviral therapy (ART)-eligible adults newly linking to care at 64 clinics in Zambia between 1 April 2014 and 31 July 2015. We used electronic medical record data and supplemented these with updated care outcomes ascertained by tracing a multistage random sample of patients lost to follow-up (LTFU, >90 days late for last …

China: Covid 19 Control – A Response For Global Emulation?, Lin Chen

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.

Winter/Spring 2021

The Journal of Values-Based Leadership

No abstract provided.

Ms 76 Box 21 Notebook 2 - Wayne County Development Of Education, By Miss Ward, Fred Bussey Lambert

0236: Fred B. Lambert Papers, 1809-1964

The Fred B. Lambert Collection contains notebooks with notes related to local history and genealogy collected over the years by Fred B. Lambert. A full index and guide to the Fred B. Lambert Collection can be found on our guides to collections page.

Covid-19 & Pregnancy Complication During Early Pandemic: A Narrative Review, Ahmed A. Eladely, Maria Hill, Ahmed Abdelhaleem, Zahid Imran, Ahsan M. Khan, Daisy Sangroula

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: Coronaviruses have caused three outbreaks in the past two decades. The novel one is SARS-COV-2, which causes COVID-19. Pregnant women have a somewhat altered immune state, which may make them more vulnerable to COVID-19 and its complications. Extensive research is needed to better understand the clinical course of COVID-19 in this population. This review article discusses the comparison of SARS-CoV-2 with previous coronavirus outbreaks, clinical presentations, and complications in pregnant women and newborns.

Methods: We conducted a literature search for case series and case reports about pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19 during the early phase of pandemic. …

2020-12-16_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

2020-12-16_Michiganoverview_Covidtestingtimes, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Testing Turnaround Data

The COVID Testing Turnaround Time page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163_98173-545615--,00.html.

This report was created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services, providing data for the past 14 days on the average time it takes for a diagnostic COVID-19 laboratory test to be reported to the state health department. Testing turnaround time data will be updated weekly on Friday mornings.

MDHHS receives results from commercial labs, hospitals, and public health labs. However, public health laboratories perform limited diagnostic testing and disease surveillance for infectious diseases. Total turnaround time is calculated from the difference of …

Mapping Routine Measles Vaccination In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Simon I. Hay, Stephen S. Lim, Jonathan F. Mosser, Veincent Christian F. Pepito, Local Burden Of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborators, 634 Co-Authors

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 …

Evaluation Of An Antimicrobial Stewardship Program For Wound And Burn Care In Three Hospitals In Nepal, Varidhi Nauriyal, Shankar Man Rai, Rajesh Dhoj Joshi, Buddhi Bahadur Thapa, Linda M. Kaljee, Tyler Prentiss, Gina Maki, Basudha Shrestha, Deepak C. Bajracharya, Kshitij Karki, Nilesh Joshi, Arjun Acharya, Laxman Banstola, Suresh Raj Poudel, Anip Joshi, Abhinav Dahal, Niranjan Palikhe, Sachin Khadka, Piyush Giri, Apar Lamichhane, Marcus J. Zervos

Infectious Diseases Articles

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs can decrease non-optimal use of antibiotics in hospital settings. There are limited data on AMS programs in burn and chronic wound centers in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). A post-prescription review and feedback (PPRF) program was implemented in three hospitals in Nepal with a focus on wound and burn care. A total of 241 baseline and 236 post-intervention patient chart data were collected from three hospitals. There was a significant decrease in utilizing days of therapy per 1000 patient days (DOT/1000 PD) of penicillin (p = 0.02), aminoglycoside (p < 0.001), and cephalosporin (p = 0.04). Increases in DOT/1000 PD at post-intervention were significant for metronidazole (p < 0.001), quinolone (p = 0.01), and other antibiotics (p < 0.001). Changes in use of antibiotics varied across hospitals, e.g., cephalosporin use decreased significantly at Kirtipur Hospital (p < 0.001) and Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences (p = 0.02), but not at Kathmandu Model Hospital (p = 0.59). An independent review conducted by infectious disease specialists at the Henry Ford Health System revealed significant changes in antibiotic prescribing practices both overall and by hospital. There was a decrease in mean number of intravenous antibiotic days between baseline (10.1 (SD 8.8)) and post-intervention (8.8 (SD 6.5)) (t = 3.56; p < 0.001), but no difference for oral antibiotics. Compared to baseline, over the 6-month post-intervention period, we found an increase in justified use of antibiotics (p < 0.001), de-escalation (p < 0.001), accurate documentation (p < 0.001), and adherence to the study antibiotic prescribing guidelines at 72 h (p < 0.001) and after diagnoses (p < 0.001). The evaluation data presented provide evidence that PPRF training and program implementation can contribute to hospital-based antibiotic stewardship for wound and burn care in Nepal.

Hiv/Aids Training: A Study Of Stigma Reduction, Elisabeth A. Owen

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease (AIDS) are complex chronic conditions requiring an equally complex approach to successful treatment. HIV/AIDS affects diagnosed individuals in multiple areas of life, as such, a biopsychosocial approach to treatment is important. Multidisciplinary teams engaging medical, psychology, and social works professionals provide effective support for patients to participate in their care. The intricacy of the disease process in concert with the complexity of treatment require both patients and treatment providers to be fully engaged in care. The patient-provider relationship is of paramount importance to successful outcomes. There are many barriers to successful treatment, …

Prediction Of Epidemic Transmission And Evaluation Of Prevention And Control Measures Based On Artificial Society, Bin Chen, Yang Mei, Chuan Ai, Ma Liang, Zhengqiu Zhu, Hailiang Chen, Mengna Zhu, Xu Wei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The COVID-19 has been controlled under the strict measures,but how to normalize it deserves in-depth study.The COVID-19 transmission model and the human contact network are established separately based on SEIR model and the artificial social scenario.With the support of the multi-agent computational experiment method,a large sample calculation experiment was performed on the Tianhe supercomputer to simulate the epidemic transmission in typical areas such as communities,schools,and workplaces in artificial cities,and to predict and evaluate the risk of epidemic spread after resumption of work and school.The results show that epidemic prevention and control must be prepared for a …

Immunotherapy And Prevention Of Breast Cancer, Neelam Thacker

Muthanna Medical Journal

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Despite the significant benefit of the use of conventional chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies in the prognosis of breast cancer patients and although the recent approval of the anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab in combination with chemotherapy has been a milestone for the treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, immunologic treatment of breast tumors remains a great challenge. In this review, we summarize current breast cancer classification and standard of care, the main obstacles that hinder the success of immunotherapies …

Teaching Under Crisis: Impact And Implications Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Education In Minnesota, Boyd L. Bradbury, Ximena P. Suarez-Sousa, Mike Coquyt, Tiffany L. Bockelmann, Amy L. Pahl

The Interactive Journal of Global Leadership and Learning

A mixed-methods exploratory study was conducted to explore the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on Minnesota teachers. A convenience sample of 976 teachers were surveyed in mid-April 2020 via the Qualtrics version of the Swaggert Instructional Practice Under Crisis (SIPUC) questionnaire containing 43 questions. The SIPUC data were analyzed following the Leadership in Times of Crisis Framework for Assessment (Boin et al., 2013), that is, an emergency instructional triage to determine which teachers had been mostly impacted and the scope and effect the pandemic had on their instruction and lives. Teachers described the pandemic as an event that disrupted …

2020-12-15_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, and clinical impression) for fever or …

What You Need To Know About The Pfizer Covid-19 Vaccine, Adam Pope

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Vaccine Arrives At Uab Hospital, Alicia Rohan

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Epidemics, Politics And Public Health: Ludwig Rajchman, Md, The League Of Nations Health Organization And The Creation Of A Transnational Health Institution, Paul J. Weinbaum

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Traditional scholarship on the League of Nations labels the organization as a failure because it did not prevent the outbreak of the World War II. Recent research examines League activities in a more comprehensive manner and concludes that the organization should be credited with important and enduring achievements. Perhaps the most successful work was carried out by the Health Section led by Dr. Ludwick Rajchman. Using primary sources from the League archives in Geneva, documents from organizations such as the Rockefeller Foundation, articles from medical journals and other relevant secondary sources, I argue that the Health Section, became the world’s …

The Decision Maker: Understanding The Role Of Ifrd1 In Urothelial Plasticity And Regeneration, Bisiayo Erionmwon Fashemi

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The bladder urothelium forms a highly specialized watertight barrier to urinary wastes. The urothelium offers an unusual example of tissue regeneration: although urothelial cells do not rapidly turn over under physiological conditions, they have an impressive capacity to regenerate tissue upon injury. Even more remarkable, depending on the modality of injury (sterile, infectious) there appear to be two distinctive modes of urothelial regeneration. We have previously shown that in response to a urinary tract infection (UTI), the urothelial stem cell niche becomes activated and induces rapid restoration of the urothelium, whereas, regeneration following sterile injury does not involve stem cell …

Communicable Diseases As Occupational Hazards For Agricultural Workers: Using Experience Sampling Methods For Promoting Public Health, Mahima Saxena, Margaret M. Burke

Psychology Faculty Publications

Vector-borne communicable diseases cause more than 700,000 deaths annually (World Health Organization, 2019). Despite various efforts, there has been no change in mortality rates due to communicable diseases worldwide (World Health Organization, 2019). Most communicable diseases have no cure and can attain epidemic status quickly. Therefore, prevention is critical in reducing disease transmission. Communicable disease transmission as an occupational health hazard is often ignored in work psychology research and public health policy. Using experience sampling methods, Saxena (2015) found that work and nonwork behaviors associated with rice farming in South Asia increase exposure to Japanese encephalitis. …

Health Insurance And The Undocumented Immigrant, Anja Diercks

Honors Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to perform a comparative analysis on how seven different countries (USA, South Africa, Germany, England, Canada, France and Singapore) organize their healthcare system to cope with the issue of undocumented immigrants and whether or not these systems in place were “fair.” The thesis will also explore the possible ways the United States could change to be more inclusive and fairer in the world of healthcare and health insurance for the undocumented immigrant. A study on what fairness means both in ethical and economical terms is done to suggest a new basis of a fair …