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The Pacific Sentinel, October 2020, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

The Pacific Sentinel

Editor: Vivian Veidt

Articles in this issue include:

• Letter from the Editor
• Waiting to Exhale
• Untold Costs
• Sea Robots Versus Cyborg Jellyfish
• Indigenous Communities of Brazil
• Police Violence
• Abolish DHS
• Joe Biden and Vote Blue No Matter Who
• UPNow
• Looking Through the Overton Window
• Keep the Conventions Virtual
• Dear Nora

Pathos, Fall 2020, Portland State University. Student Publications Board

Pathos

Interim Editor-in-Chief: Claire Miller

An Autism-Linked Missense Mutation In Shank3 Reveals The Modularity Of Shank3 Function, Li Wang, Kaifang Pang, Kihoon Han, Carolyn J Adamski, Wei Wang, Lingjie He, Jason K Lai, Vitaliy V Bondar, Joseph G Duman, Ronald Richman, Kimberley F Tolias, Patrick Barth, Timothy Palzkill, Zhandong Liu, J Lloyd Holder, Huda Y Zoghbi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Genome sequencing has revealed an increasing number of genetic variations that are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Frequently, studies limit their focus to likely gene-disrupting mutations because they are relatively easy to interpret. Missense variants, instead, have often been undervalued. However, some missense variants can be informative for developing a more profound understanding of disease pathogenesis and ultimately targeted therapies. Here we present an example of this by studying a missense variant in a well-known autism spectrum disorder (ASD) causing gene SHANK3. We analyzed Shank3's in vivo phosphorylation profile and identified S685 as one phosphorylation site where one ASD-linked variant has …

Usability Testing Of A Sensor-Controlled Digital Game To Engage Older Adults With Heart Failure In Physical Activity And Weight Monitoring, Kavita Radhakrishnan, Christine Julien, Matthew O'Hair, Thomas Baranowski, Grace Lee, Catherine Allen, Atami Sagna, Edison Thomaz, Miyong Kim

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Poor self-management of heart failure (HF) has contributed to poor health outcomes. Sensor-controlled digital games (SCDGs) integrates data from behavior-tracking sensors to trigger progress, rewards, content, and positive feedback in a digital game to motivate real-time behaviors.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the usability of an SCDG prototype over a week of game-playing among 10 older adults with HF in their homes.

METHODS: During initial play, participants' SCDG experiences were observed in their homes using a checklist based on the seven-item Serious Game User Evaluator (SeGUE) instrument. After a week of game-playing, participants completed a survey guided by the Intrinsic Motivation …

Ampk Regulation Of Raptor And Tsc2 Mediate Metformin Effects On Transcriptional Control Of Anabolism And Inflammation, Jeanine L Van Nostrand, Kristina Hellberg, En-Ching Luo, Eric L Van Nostrand, Alina Dayn, Jingting Yu, Maxim N Shokhirev, Yelena Dayn, Gene W Yeo, Reuben J Shaw

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite being the frontline therapy for type 2 diabetes, the mechanisms of action of the biguanide drug metformin are still being discovered. In particular, the detailed molecular interplays between the AMPK and the mTORC1 pathway in the hepatic benefits of metformin are still ill defined. Metformin-dependent activation of AMPK classically inhibits mTORC1 via TSC/RHEB, but several lines of evidence suggest additional mechanisms at play in metformin inhibition of mTORC1. Here we investigated the role of direct AMPK-mediated serine phosphorylation of RAPTOR in a new

Mir-30a Targets Gene Networks That Promote Browning Of Human And Mouse Adipocytes, Pradip K Saha, Mark P Hamilton, Kimal Rajapakshe, Vasanta Putluri, Jessica B Felix, Peter Masschelin, Aaron R Cox, Mandeep Bajaj, Nagireddy Putluri, Cristian Coarfa, Sean M Hartig

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

MicroRNA-30a (miR-30a) impacts adipocyte function, and its expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) correlates with insulin sensitivity in obesity. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrates that miR-30a expression contributes to 2% of all miRNA expression in human tissues. However, molecular mechanisms of miR-30a function in fat cells remain unclear. Here, we expanded our understanding of how miR-30a expression contributes to antidiabetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist activity and metabolic functions in adipocytes. We found that WAT isolated from diabetic patients shows reduced miR-30a levels and diminished expression of the canonical PPARγ target genes ADIPOQ and FABP4 relative to lean counterparts. In human adipocytes, …

Application Of Human Factors Methods To Understand Missed Follow-Up Of Abnormal Test Results, Deevakar Rogith, Tyler Satterly, Hardeep Singh, Dean F Sittig, Elise Russo, Michael W Smith, Don Roosan, Viraj Bhise, Daniel R Murphy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: This study demonstrates application of human factors methods for understanding causes for lack of timely follow-up of abnormal test results ("missed results") in outpatient settings.

METHODS: We identified 30 cases of missed test results by querying electronic health record data, developed a critical decision method (CDM)-based interview guide to understand decision-making processes, and interviewed physicians who ordered these tests. We analyzed transcribed responses using a contextual inquiry (CI)-based methodology to identify contextual factors contributing to missed results. We then developed a CI-based flow model and conducted a fault tree analysis (FTA) to identify hierarchical relationships between factors that delayed …

Disasters Happen: Identifying Disaster Management Needs Of Cooperative Extension System Personnel, Vikram Koundinya, Cristina Chiarella, Susan Kocher, Faith Kearns

Journal of Extension

Disasters are deeply affecting communities and economies in the United States, and the role of Cooperative Extension in disaster management efforts continues to grow. We surveyed University of California Extension personnel to identify existing disaster management programs and future needs. We found that about one third of our respondents had been involved in preparing for, responding to, or helping communities recover from disasters. Respondents experienced having a variety of needs related to disaster preparedness and response systems, procedures, materials and equipment, and educational materials. Our findings revealed a critical need for program and professional development around disaster management for Cooperative …

Trem2 Activation On Microglia Promotes Myelin Debris Clearance And Remyelination In A Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Francesca Cignarella, Fabia Filipello, Bryan Bollman, Claudia Cantoni, Alberto Locca, Robert Mikesell, Melissa Manis, Adiljan Ibrahim, Li Deng, Bruno A Benitez, Carlos Cruchaga, Danilo Licastro, Kathie Mihindukulasuriya, Oscar Harari, Michael Buckland, David M Holtzman, Arnon Rosenthal, Tina Schwabe, Ilaria Tassi, Laura Piccio

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) triggered by autoimmune mechanisms. Microglia are critical for the clearance of myelin debris in areas of demyelination, a key step to allow remyelination. TREM2 is expressed by microglia and promotes microglial survival, proliferation, and phagocytic activity. Herein we demonstrate that TREM2 was highly expressed on myelin-laden phagocytes in active demyelinating lesions in the CNS of subjects with MS. In gene expression studies, macrophages from subjects with TREM2 genetic deficiency displayed a defect in phagocytic pathways. Treatment with a new TREM2 agonistic antibody promoted the …

Clonal Hematopoiesis: Mechanisms Driving Dominance Of Stem Cell Clones, Grant A Challen, Margaret A Goodell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The discovery of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) in older individuals has changed the way hematologists and stem cell biologists view aging. Somatic mutations accumulate in stem cells over time. While most mutations have no impact, some result in subtle functional differences that ultimately manifest in distinct stem cell behaviors. With a large pool of stem cells and many decades to compete, some of these differences confer advantages under specific contexts. Approximately 20 genes are recurrently found as mutated in CH, indicating they confer some advantage. The impact of these mutations has begun to be analyzed at a molecular level by modeling …

Safety And Immunogenicity Of Fc-Eda, A Recombinant Ectodysplasin A1 Replacement Protein, In Human Subjects, Iris Körber, Ophir D Klein, Patrick Morhart, Florian Faschingbauer, Dorothy K Grange, Angus Clarke, Christine Bodemer, Silvia Maitz, Kenneth Huttner, Neil Kirby, Caroline Durand, Holm Schneider

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, the most frequent ectodermal dysplasia, an inherited deficiency of the signalling protein ectodysplasin A1 (EDA1) impairs the development of the skin and its appendages, various eccrine glands, and dentition. The severe hypohidrosis common to X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia patients may lead to life-threatening hyperthermia, especially during hot weather or febrile illness. Fc-EDA, an EDA1 replacement protein known to prevent the disease in newborn animals, was tested in 2 clinical trials (human adults and neonates) and additionally administered under compassionate use to 3 infants in utero. The data support the safety of Fc-EDA and efficacy if …

Ride Utah! Resiliency-Building Horse Rides For Military Personnel And Families, Karl H. Hoopes, Makenna Osborne

Journal of Extension

To introduce and provide equine-related activities to military personnel and their families, Utah State University Equine Extension created and implemented an effective program called Ride Utah! Equine-related activities have been shown to improve mental health and build strong family relationships in participating individuals. Ride Utah! incorporates campus faculty, county agents, and community volunteers to promote, facilitate, and conduct safe, enjoyable equine trail rides and associated resiliency-building programming. Program evaluation has indicated significant increase in participants' resiliency, and the program can be replicated or adapted for use elsewhere.

Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Community Partners In The Agriculture Industry In Hawai'i, Michael Cheang, Georgia L. Yamashita

Journal of Extension

We explored ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected those who work in the agriculture industry in Hawai'i. Although economic hardship seems to be the obvious consequence, changes to the logistical and daily routines in the home also emerged as major impacts, and psychological effects may be even more distressing. Those who work in agriculture are an essential component of the agricultural and human ecologies to which land-grant universities are connected. Our findings provide valuable insights as to how Extension professionals across the United States may assist agricultural producers and farm families in their own communities at this time.

Survey Of Farmers Market Managers In California: Food Safety Perspectives, Aida F.A. Pires, Esther A. Kukielka, Viktoria Haghani, James K. Stover, Thais De Melo Ramos, Julia Van Soelen Kim, Michelle T. Jay-Russell

Journal of Extension

We conducted a survey to characterize certified California farmers markets (FMs) regarding location, seasonality, size, product, product labeling, advertising methods, postharvest practices, regulations governing vendors, training offered, and training interests. Data obtained from the survey highlight the need for improvement regarding food safety and can serve as a basis for development of collaborative education by Extension educators, regulatory agencies, and FMs. Extension professionals can play a proactive role in such training opportunities, focusing outreach efforts for training according to applicable findings and including online training venues to maximize reach to stakeholders.

How To Talk With Ranchers About Drought And Climate Resilience: Lessons From Knowledge Exchange Workshops In Montana, Mitch J. Lassa, Hailey Wilmer, Madison Boone, Zach Brown, Justin D. Derner, Dannele E. Peck, Carmen Thissen, Clayton Marlow

Journal of Extension

This article offers the Extension community a pathway to drought resilience and climate-related conversations through knowledge exchange workshops. In 2017, a "flash drought" affected eastern Montana, and ranchers in the region faced numerous challenges. Moreover, drought-favorable climate conditions are predicted to increase for the region. We held five workshops to facilitate an exchange of adaptive drought management strategies, focusing on key themes for drought resilience: (a) drought planning and adaptive management, (b) use of local knowledge networks, (c) flexible stocking and grazing, and (d) adaptation to shifting baselines. Extension can use this approach to foster multidirectional knowledge sharing to strengthen …

Co-Occurrence Of Keywords In Ecocriticism Research Publications: An Analytical Approach, Pranjal Deka, Mukut Sarmah

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The keyword is a significant part of scholarly publications, which can play a vital role in information retrieval and research. Author Keywords are those provided by the original authors, and Keywords Plus are those extracted from the titles of the cited references by Thomson Reuters. Keywords Plus are those created by an automatic computer algorithm; these are words or phrases that frequently appear in the titles of an article’s references and not necessarily in the article's title or as Author.

The Web of Science (WoS) database is used to conduct this study. While conducting this study, a total of 654 …

Fakepolisher: Making Deepfakes More Detection-Evasive By Shallow Reconstruction, Yihao Huang, Felix Juefei-Xu, Run Wang, Qing Guo, Lei Ma, Xiaofei Xie, Jianwen Li, Weikai Miao, Yang Liu, Geguang Pu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

At this moment, GAN-based image generation methods are still imperfect, whose upsampling design has limitations in leaving some certain artifact patterns in the synthesized image. Such artifact patterns can be easily exploited (by recent methods) for difference detection of real and GAN-synthesized images. However, the existing detection methods put much emphasis on the artifact patterns, which can become futile if such artifact patterns were reduced.Towards reducing the artifacts in the synthesized images, in this paper, we devise a simple yet powerful approach termed FakePolisher that performs shallow reconstruction of fake images through a learned linear dictionary, intending to effectively and …

Breaking State-Centric Shackles In The Who: Taiwan As A Catalyst For A New Global Health Order, Ching-Fu Lin, Han-Wei Liu, Chien-Huei Wu

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

After World War II, states established World Health Organization (WHO), recognizing that “the health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security.” This aspiration, embedded in GlobalHealth governance, introduces a paradox vis-à-vis the WHO’s state-centric institutional design. Though Taiwan alerted the WHO to potential human-to-human transmission in the early stage of the pandemic, its participation in the WHO remains limited, contrasting the WHO’s goal of health for all peoples sharply against its outdated emphasis on statehood and power politics.This Essay critically assesses how and why state-centric international health governance neither delivers its goal to “promote and …

Total Phenolics, Total Flavonoid And Total Antioxidantcapacity Of Medicinal Plant-Derived Beverage:Hydrozitla, Nalinthip Lordumrongkiat, Nattida Chotechuang, Natcha Madared, Depicha Jindatip, Chanchai Boonla

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Antioxidants from natural sources are well-accepted for reducing oxidative damage and preventingthe development of oxidative stress-related diseases. It is known that urinary stone development involvesoverproduction of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of oxidative injury. Supplements with antioxidantshad been shown to inhibit kidney stone formation in animal models.Objective: We developed a new beverage, called HydroZitLa (concentrate in pouch) to be used for preventionof urinary stone formation. HydroZitLa consisted of citrate (16 mEq) and naturally occurring antioxidants fromThai medicinal plants.Methods: We investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidantcapacity (TAC) in HydroZitLa. Also, cytotoxicity of HydoZitLa …

Activity River: Visualizing Planned And Logged Personal Activities For Reflection, Bon Adriel Aseniero, Charles Perin, Wesley Willett, Anthony Tang, Sheelagh Carpendale

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We present Activity River, a personal visualization tool which enables individuals to plan, log, and reflect on their self-defined activities. We are interested in supporting this type of reflective practice as prior work has shown that reflection can help people plan and manage their time effectively. Hence, we designed Activity River based on five design goals (visualize historical and contextual data, facilitate comparison of goals and achievements, engage viewers with delightful visuals, support authorship, and enable flexible planning and logging) which we distilled from the Information Visualization and Human-Computer Interaction literature. To explore our approach's strengths and limitations, we conducted …

Sward Allowance At Early Lactation Of Primiparous Dairy Cows: Iii-Metabolic Profiles, A. Meikle, D. A. Mattiauda, G. Uriarte, L. Adrien, Pablo Soca, P. Chilibroste

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Dynamics Of Seedling Emerging And Survival Rates Of Stipa Baicalensis Steppe: Community Under Two Utilizing Regimes, Mingjiu Wang, Q. F. Li, F. L. Shi, J. L. He

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Role Of Artificial Lighting In Emphasizing The Entrance Approaches, Maged Youssef

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

Building's entrance is metaphorically a threshold between two realms, the first is an outdoor exposed to climatic change, hazards, and environmental factors, while the second is controlled, monitored, and determined to certain functions. It plays an important role in enriching users' experience. Moreover, it is the first impression a visitor takes to evaluate a whole building. Architecturally, the entrance is a very special part in the elevation, distinguished and emphasized by different design approaches. One of these approaches is using lighting. There is a direct connection between recognition of a space and light assimilation in it. From sunset to dawn, …

Odor Pollution Assessment In Residential Urban Spaces In Tripoli City, Yasmine Khaled Amkieh

Architecture and Planning Journal (APJ)

The odor pollution is a real problem that could threat a city and influence negatively the health of people. The odor is formed from invincible substances and several previous researches in both fields of chemical and meteorological specialization have created visualization maps for odor as an intending to locate the odor source, substances, and affected areas. This research aims to benefit from previous studies in the architectural field in providing a visualization for the odor in the city especially in the residential areas. The objective of the research is to create an assessment of the odor sources and affected residential …

Rangeland, Ecological Integrity And Sustainability: An Analysis In The Himalayan Mountain Context, Vir Singh, Babita Bohra, Manisha Joshi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Benefit Evaluation Of Rangeland Convertion Program (Rcp) In Typical Project Area Of Inner Mongolia, Ying Han, Xiangyang Hou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative (Mrbi) Watershed Assessment For: Coon Creek Watershed (Huc-071100080104); Sandy Fork-West Fork Cuivre River Watershed (Huc-071100080105); Headwaters Indian Creek Watershed (Huc-071100080201), Marc R. Owen, Kayla A. Coonen, Robert T. Pavlowsky

OEWRI Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Commonwealth Times 2020-09-30

Commonwealth Times, 1969-

No abstract provided.

Gastrointestinal Symptoms In Patients With Covid-19, Mohammed Abbas, Rafik Elbeblawy, Islam Gadelmoula, Suvarna Rekha, Bettina Sinanova, Jose Bordon

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Though coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is predominantly a respiratory illness, a growing number of studies reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among these patients. We examined the incidence of GI symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and GI symptoms as the initial presentation of the disease.

Methods: We examined peer-reviewed studies in English of patients with COVID-19 that reported GI symptoms. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published up to June 30, 2020, by using the keywords ``COVID-19,'' ``Coronavirus,'' ``severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,'', ``SARS-CoV-2,'' ``gastrointestinal tract,'' ``gastrointestinal diseases,'' and ``gastrointestinal symptoms and signs.'' Studies with fewer than 30 …

Issue 358: October 1-15, 2020, The Local Voice

The Local Voice

No abstract provided.