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2019

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Insulation In Windows Using Resin & Aerogel Mixture, Priyanka Mallikarjun Pujar Jan 2019

Insulation In Windows Using Resin & Aerogel Mixture, Priyanka Mallikarjun Pujar

Construction Management and Engineering

Insulation materials are essential in building construction; this study proposed to use one such material called silica aerogel, which is known for its excellent thermal properties, and a UV acrylate resin that has been formulated to mix with the aerogel. In this experiment, existing methods of aerogel insulation are discussed and a novel method is investigated. U- value and R- values were obtained by LHICD (i.e., Laser Heating Infrared Camera Detecting method), and K - values were calculated using an equation for 0%, 22.5% and 45% volume of aerogel. The study suggests that using aerogel and resin coating on windows …

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For Wilderness Or Wildness? Decolonising Rewilding, K Ward Jan 2019

For Wilderness Or Wildness? Decolonising Rewilding, K Ward

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Regenerative Architecture: Making Nature An Equal Partner In Design, Zachary Jewison Jan 2019

Regenerative Architecture: Making Nature An Equal Partner In Design, Zachary Jewison

Architecture Theses

The current example in the field of architecture today is one of degeneration and obsolete building technologies. Regenerative architecture is the practice of engaging the natural world as the medium for, and producer of the architecture. It responds to and employs the living and natural systems that exist on a site that become the “building blocks” of the architecture. Regenerative architecture has two focuses; the first is to design with attention to conservation and performance through reduction on the environmental impacts of a building and the following is to make the environment an equal partner in design.

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The Impacts Of Cost-Reducing Technology In The Gold And Oil Industries, Mark Alan Simonson Jan 2019

The Impacts Of Cost-Reducing Technology In The Gold And Oil Industries, Mark Alan Simonson

Agribusiness and Applied Economics

This thesis explores the question of what drives the development of cost-reducing technology. It will also explore this question in the gold and oil industries. It will integrate Paul Romer’s idea that investment in technology is an endogenous factor in the econometric testing. This matters because while a time lag may exist between investment in a commodity and one’s return on such investment, the role of changes in price and elasticity aid in driving such investment.

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Role Of Politically Linked Agricultural Policy And Trade On The Performance Of Turkish Agriculture, Ekrem Ergun Jan 2019

Role Of Politically Linked Agricultural Policy And Trade On The Performance Of Turkish Agriculture, Ekrem Ergun

Agribusiness and Applied Economics

The Republic of Turkey has seen a rise in its gross domestic products (GDP), a fall in the share of agriculture percentage of GDP and a contributive role of politically connected development plans that introduce agricultural policies and trade as regional trade agreements (RTAs). It is necessary to gauge the contribution of policy and trade changes to the performance of the Turkish agriculture sector. The primary objective of this thesis is to estimate the performance of the Turkish agriculture sector between 1961 and 2016 using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The secondary objective is to evaluate the impact of politically connected …

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Treatment Of Industrial Wastewater Derived Organic Pollutants Using Electrochemical Methods Through Optimization Of Operation Parameters., Swati Sharma Jan 2019

Treatment Of Industrial Wastewater Derived Organic Pollutants Using Electrochemical Methods Through Optimization Of Operation Parameters., Swati Sharma

Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering

Industrial operations produce a notable amount of wastewaters with high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), mostly consisting of organic carbon compounds. The treatment performance of electrochemical methods for organic removal and the effects of process parameters are the subject of this research. Three research tasks were performed. The first task was the removal of organic pollutants from three different industrial wastewaters using two different electrochemical methods; combined electrocoagulation + electrooxidation (EC+EO) and b) electrochemical peroxidation (ECP). Using only EC process was found to be significantly successful in removing suspended and colloidal pollutants and could remove more than 90% COD …

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Process Benefits Of Using Biomass Pellets In A Biorefinery, Ramsharan Pandey Jan 2019

Process Benefits Of Using Biomass Pellets In A Biorefinery, Ramsharan Pandey

Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering

Pelleted biomass can help simplify biomass supply systems and reduce downstream processing costs that are vital for the development of commercial biorefineries. This study is based on comparison of process benefits and economic factors of using loose and pelleted biomass over a range of low to high pretreatment severity and hydrolysis enzyme loadings. Use of pelleted biomass provides flexibility either to reduce pretreatment severity, enzyme loadings, hydrolysis time, or combinations of these. Either enzyme loadings can be reduced by 80% or hydrolysis times reduced by 58% with the use of pelleted biomass. A comparative techno-economic analysis using each form of …

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Advanced Evapotranspiration Measurement For Crop Water Management In The Red River Valley, Ali Rashid Niaghi Jan 2019

Advanced Evapotranspiration Measurement For Crop Water Management In The Red River Valley, Ali Rashid Niaghi

Agribusiness and Biosystems Engineering

As the main component of terrestrial energy and water balance, evapotranspiration (ET) moves a large amount of water and energy in the form of latent heat flux from bare soil and vegetated surfaces into the atmosphere. Despite the development of many methods and equations through past decades, accurate ET estimation is still a challenging task, especially for the Red River Valley of the North (RRV) that has limited updated information on ET either for landscape or agricultural water management. The overall objective of first study was to evaluate the ASCE-EWRI reference ET (ETo) method by developing an accurate crop coefficient …

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Perceptions Of Modern Meat-Animal Production From Consumers Two To Three Generations Removed From The Farm, Demetris Deon Reed Jan 2019

Perceptions Of Modern Meat-Animal Production From Consumers Two To Three Generations Removed From The Farm, Demetris Deon Reed

Animal Sciences

A consumer is defined as a person who purchases goods and services for personal use or a person or thing that eats or uses something (Merriam-Webster, 2019). Consumers either want or need to eat meat, whether it is for self-gratification or nutritive purposes. The modern consumer definition of “meat” has changed from the original hunter stalking prey to now contemporary livestock production practices that confine and feed sophisticated diets in an effort to achieve outstanding muscle-food quality. Those who produce and supply consumers with food and fiber must achieve a higher level of education in keeping with technological advances. Further, …

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Reflection: The Las Vegas Strip - Introducing Big Data Into Project Planning For User Informed Design, Evan Lecy Jan 2019

Reflection: The Las Vegas Strip - Introducing Big Data Into Project Planning For User Informed Design, Evan Lecy

Landscape Architecture Theses

Every world class city has a landmark, in Vegas it is “The Strip." Yet, this important gateway to Las Vegas venues is little more than a 10 lane downtown street controlled by stop lights. Reminiscent of 1970’s streets in downtown Atlanta, LA or Dallas. Many public review platforms such as TripAdvisor, Expedia, we8there, Foursquare, Google places, etc. have collected an increasing amount of feedback in the form of unstructured user reviews. These reviews are self-posted, volunteer created text about user experiences with products and services which differs from surveys asking targeted questions. Studies show that the Hospitality industries adoption of …

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Groundwater Table Effects On Yield, Growth And Water Use Of Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Plant, Hakan Kadioglu Jan 2019

Groundwater Table Effects On Yield, Growth And Water Use Of Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Plant, Hakan Kadioglu

Natural Resources Management

Lysimeter experimental studies were conducted in a greenhouse to investigate canola (Brassica Napus) plant water use, growth and yield parameters under three different water table depths of 30, 60, and 90 cm. Additionally, control experiments were conducted and only irrigation was applied to these lysimeters without water table limitation. Canola plant’s tolerance level to shallow groundwater was determined. Results showed that groundwater contributions to canola plant were 97, 71, and 68%, while the average grain yields of canola were 4.5, 5.3, and 6.3 gr for the treatments of 30, 60, and 90 cm water table depths, respectively. These results demonstrated …

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Riparian Graminoid Species Responses And Productivity In Compromised Environmental And Soil Conditions, Casey Ruth Wallace Jan 2019

Riparian Graminoid Species Responses And Productivity In Compromised Environmental And Soil Conditions, Casey Ruth Wallace

Natural Resources Management

Riparian buffers have been created as a sustainable and effective way to combat the harmful effects of excess nitrogen and soil salinity in riparian settings. The goal of this research was to determine what species will I) germinate in saline environments and II) establish and produce sufficient biomass while being exposed to increased nitrogen. Incubation of eight native riparian graminoid species were evaluated for their ability to germinate in MgSO4-induced salinity. In a greenhouse study, seven riparian graminoid species were evaluated to quantify their ability to survive and take up nitrogen, mimicking buffer strips exposed to high inputs of runoff …

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The Effect Of Communication And Vehicle Properties On The Search Performance Of A Swarm Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Jenna E. Newcomb, Andrew Ning Jan 2019

The Effect Of Communication And Vehicle Properties On The Search Performance Of A Swarm Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Jenna E. Newcomb, Andrew Ning

Faculty Publications

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm allows for a more time-efficient method of searching a specified area than a single UAV or piloted plane. There are a variety of factors that affect how well an area is surveyed. We specifically analyzed the effect both vehicle properties and communication had on the swarm search performance. We used non-dimensionalization to examine the effect vehicle properties had on search performance so the results can be applied to any domain size with any number and type of vehicle. We found that even if vehicles could only sense 10% of the grid area at any …

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Best Practices For Wake Model And Optimization Algorithm Selection In Wind Farm Layout Optimization, Nicholas F. Baker, Andrew P.J. Stanley, Jared J. Thomas, Andrew Ning, Katherine Dykes Jan 2019

Best Practices For Wake Model And Optimization Algorithm Selection In Wind Farm Layout Optimization, Nicholas F. Baker, Andrew P.J. Stanley, Jared J. Thomas, Andrew Ning, Katherine Dykes

Faculty Publications

This paper presents the results of two case studies regarding the wind farm layout optimization problem. We asked members of the computational optimization and wind communities to take part in the studies that we designed. Nine individuals participated. Case study 1 considered variations in optimization strategies for a given simple Gaussian wake model. Participants were provided with a wake model that outputs annual energy production (AEP) for an input set of wind turbine locations. Participants used an optimization method of their choosing to find an optimal wind farm layout. Case study 2 looked at trade-offs in performance resulting from variation …

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Comparison Of Wind Farm Layout Optimization Results Using A Simple Wake Model And Gradient-Based Optimization To Large-Eddy Simulations, Jared J. Thomas, Jennifer Annoni, Paul Fleming, Andrew Ning Jan 2019

Comparison Of Wind Farm Layout Optimization Results Using A Simple Wake Model And Gradient-Based Optimization To Large-Eddy Simulations, Jared J. Thomas, Jennifer Annoni, Paul Fleming, Andrew Ning

Faculty Publications

The models used during wind farm layout optimization use simplifying assumptions that can alter the design space. Some characteristics of the simple models may negatively influence the resulting layouts. In this paper, we perform wind farm layout optimization using a simple wake model and compare the resulting improvements to large-eddy simulation (LES) results to confirm that the layout was actually improved. We begin by describing the models used, including changes specific for use with gradient-based optimization. We then compare our models’ output to previously published model and LES results. Using the models described, we performed gradient-based wind farm layout optimization …

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Optimization Of Turbine Design In Wind Farms With Multiple Hub Heights, Using Exact Analytic Gradients And Structural Constraints, Andrew P.J. Stanley, Andrew Ning, Katherine Dykes Jan 2019

Optimization Of Turbine Design In Wind Farms With Multiple Hub Heights, Using Exact Analytic Gradients And Structural Constraints, Andrew P.J. Stanley, Andrew Ning, Katherine Dykes

Faculty Publications

Wind farms are generally designed with turbines of all the same hub height. If wind farms were designed with turbines of different hub heights, wake interference between turbines could be reduced, lowering the cost of energy (COE). This paper demonstrates a method to optimize onshore wind farms with two different hub heights using exact, analytic gradients. Gradient-based optimization with exact gradients scales well with large problems and is preferable in this application over gradient-free methods. Our model consisted of the following: a version of the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-State wake model that accommodated three- dimensional wakes and calculated …

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Combined Trajectory, Propulsion, And Battery Mass Optimization For Solar-Regenerative High-Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aircraft, Nathaniel S. Gates, Kevin R. Moore, Andrew Ning, John D. Hedengren Jan 2019

Combined Trajectory, Propulsion, And Battery Mass Optimization For Solar-Regenerative High-Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aircraft, Nathaniel S. Gates, Kevin R. Moore, Andrew Ning, John D. Hedengren

Faculty Publications

Combined optimization of propulsion system design, flight trajectory planning and battery mass optimization for solar-regenerative high-altitude long endurance (SRHALE) aircraft through a sequential iterative approach yields an increase of 20.2% in the end-of-day energy available on the winter solstice at 35 deg N latitude, resulting in an increase in flight time of 2.36 hours. The optimized flight path is obtained by using nonlinear model predictive control to solve flight and energy system dynamics over a 24 hour period with a 15 second time resolution. The optimization objective is to maximize the total energy in the system while flying a station-keeping …

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Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films Dip-Coating By Colloidal Nanocrystals Bilayer Films, Amal Altayyar Jan 2019

Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films Dip-Coating By Colloidal Nanocrystals Bilayer Films, Amal Altayyar

Materials and Nanotechnology

A wrinkling approach was used to study the mechanics of hybrid nanotube/nanocrystal coatings adhering to soft polymer (PDMS) substrates. We focused on three thicknesses: 10 nm, 30 nm, and 40 nm. The approach we used is the Strain-Induced Elastic Buckling Instability for Mechanical Measurements (SIEBIFMM) technique, which allows measurement of the SWCNT film mechanics by the buckling wavelength and the film thickness by inducing a compressive stress in the films at different strains; 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. In this thesis, dip-coating method with colloidal nanocrystals was used to enhance the rigidity of the carbon nanotube films by …

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Non-Thermal Plasma Synthesis Of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystals From Cylclohexasilane, Todd Andrew Pringle Jan 2019

Non-Thermal Plasma Synthesis Of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystals From Cylclohexasilane, Todd Andrew Pringle

Materials and Nanotechnology

In this report we establish cyclohexasilane (CHS) as a reliable precursor for non-thermal plasma synthesis of high quality photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs). We demonstrate that this synthesis approach can produce high quality, size tunable silicon quantum dots with quantum yields exceeding 60% as synthesized (subsequent work in our group has measured over 70% quantum yield after density gradient ultracentrifugation size purification).After a brief background on non-thermal plasma synthesis, the characterization methods used in this study, and an overview of CHS, we report at length on our development of the apparatus used, and our exploration of the controllable processing parameters of …

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Causes Of Dull Brown Color In Durum And Traditional Semolina Pasta, Patricia Alejandra Cabas Lühmann Jan 2019

Causes Of Dull Brown Color In Durum And Traditional Semolina Pasta, Patricia Alejandra Cabas Lühmann

Plant Sciences

Bleaching of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum [Desf.] Husn.) was evaluated by determining the effect of grain moisture content, temperature, and wet/dry cycles with bulk water and with high relative humidity on the hydration of durum wheat grain and their effect on some physical grain quality parameters. Low initial grain moisture, high temperature, and wet/dry cycles increased water gain. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy showed that the germ and ventral surface of grain were important for water absorption. A single exposure to moisture (bulk water or high relative humidity) seems to be enough to cause a decline …

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Using Organic Amendments To Stabilize Sand-Based Athletic Fields During Turfgrass Establishment Period, Thomas Drietz Jan 2019

Using Organic Amendments To Stabilize Sand-Based Athletic Fields During Turfgrass Establishment Period, Thomas Drietz

Plant Sciences

Athletic field rootzones are often sand-based for improved drainage. Sand-based rootzones may have stability issues if turfgrass is not fully established. Our objective was to use organic amendments to improve the stability of sand-based fields during the turfgrass establishment period and avoid overuse of inorganic materials, which have negative effects. We tested coconut coir, peat and wheat straw at 1% organic material, peat at 2% organic material, and an inorganic stabilizing fiber, StaLok, in the top 10 cm of the rootzone. Surface hardness, volumetric water content, traction, penetration resistance and visual quality were measured 2 to 4 months after construction …

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Vacuum Steam Pasteurization Of Hard Red Spring Wheat, Jane Mae Snelling Jan 2019

Vacuum Steam Pasteurization Of Hard Red Spring Wheat, Jane Mae Snelling

Plant Sciences

Vacuum steam pasteurization (VSP) is a promising technology for pasteurization of low moisture foods. Recent outbreaks traced to wheat flour, a low moisture food, have created demand in the milling industry for a process that reduces pathogens in wheat while maintaining its functional properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of VSP on Hard Red Spring (HRS) wheat. First, HRS wheat samples were pasteurized at 65, 70, 75, and 85°C for 4 and 8 minutes. Significant changes in dough and baked product functionality were observed in treatments ≥70°C suggesting gluten denaturation occurred. After determining that 65°C …

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Pre-Harvest Glyphosate Effects On Properties Of Beta-Glucan From Oat Groats, Abdulrahman Alahmed Jan 2019

Pre-Harvest Glyphosate Effects On Properties Of Beta-Glucan From Oat Groats, Abdulrahman Alahmed

Plant Sciences

Pre-harvest glyphosate is applied to cereal grains to remove weeds. However, it has been claimed that oat compositions are affected by pre-harvest glyphosate. Research was conducted to evaluate differences in properties of β-glucan in the treated versus untreated oat groats. Two oat cultivars (Rockford and Souris) were grown at Minot and Prosper, North Dakota in 2015, and glyphosate was sprayed during the soft dough stage, physiological maturity stage, or not applied. β-Glucan viscosity was not significantly (p > 0:05) affected by treatment at soft dough or physiological maturity stages. Use of glyphosate at the soft dough stage significantly (p < 0:05) reduced the percentages of β-glucan content and solubility versus untreated samples. Treatment at soft dough and physiological maturity stages significantly (p < 0:05) increased β-glucan molecular weights compared to untreated controls. Therefore, glyphosate can be applied at the physiologically mature stage of grain development because β glucan properties from the groats were not negatively affected.

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Mother And Daughter Chipping Potato Cultivar Responses To Sublethal Rates Of Glyphosate And Dicamba, Matthew James Brooke Jan 2019

Mother And Daughter Chipping Potato Cultivar Responses To Sublethal Rates Of Glyphosate And Dicamba, Matthew James Brooke

Plant Sciences

The effects of sublethal drift rates and carryover of glyphosate and dicamba into the next generation of seed potato cultivars Atlantic and Dakota Pearl are unknown. The objective of this research is to determine the impact of sublethal glyphosate and dicamba rates on mother and daughter chipping potato plants. Field studies were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Oakes, ND. Herbicides were sprayed at the tuber initiation stage and consisted of dicamba (0, 20, and 99 g ae ha-1) and glyphosate (0, 40, and 197% g ae ha-1). During the year of application (2018), the combination of glyphosate at 197 …

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Dual-Functionalized Liposomes For Gene Delivery To Brain To Prevent And Treat Alzheimer’S Disease, Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues Jan 2019

Dual-Functionalized Liposomes For Gene Delivery To Brain To Prevent And Treat Alzheimer’S Disease, Bruna Dos Santos Rodrigues

Pharmacy

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder which lacks effective disease-modifying therapies. We have investigated the therapeutic potential of pDNA encoding apolipoprotein E2 (ApoE2), or nerve growth factor (NGF) by transporting pDNA across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and expressing the ApoE2 or NGF into brain, using brain-targeted liposomal nanoparticles for treatment of AD. We explored the neuroprotective functions of ApoE2 and survival-promoting properties of NGF through gene therapy as potential disease-modifying therapies for AD. We designed brain-targeted gene delivery systems with prolonged systemic circulation and enhanced cellular penetration by conjugating transferrin (Tf) ligand and cell-penetrating peptide …

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Iso 9001: 2015 Quality System Manual Development And Implementation For Business And Commerce With Expanded Emphasis On Risk Management, Mahmoud Hesham Ahmad Shawky Mostafa Jan 2019

Iso 9001: 2015 Quality System Manual Development And Implementation For Business And Commerce With Expanded Emphasis On Risk Management, Mahmoud Hesham Ahmad Shawky Mostafa

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

ISO 9001: 2015 is the latest edition of the Quality Management System from the International Standard Organization. One of the most noticeable changes about the new edition is the emphasis on risk-based thinking. This study introduces a template for developing a Quality Manual and a systematic approach to Risk Assessment using a risk-based decision-making framework embedded in the Quality Management System. An extensive discussion on decision-making, risk and opportunity analysis is provided with the aim of developing a seamless integration between QMS, risk analysis, and decision-making. This study proposes a decision-making framework that aligns ISO 9001 requirements with the decision-making …

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Designing Bio-Ink For Extrusion Based Bio-Printing Process, Md Ahasan Habib Jan 2019

Designing Bio-Ink For Extrusion Based Bio-Printing Process, Md Ahasan Habib

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Tissue regeneration using in-vitro scaffold becomes a vital mean to mimic the in-vivo counterpart due to the insufficiency of animal models to predict the applicability of drug and other physiological behavior. Three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing is an emerging technology to reproduce living tissue through controlled allocation of biomaterial and cell. Due to its bio-compatibility, natural hydrogels are commonly considered as the scaffold material in bio-printing process. However, repeatable scaffold structure with good printability and shape fidelity is a challenge with hydrogel material due to weak bonding in polymer chain. Additionally, there are intrinsic limitations for bio-printing of hydrogels due to limited …

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Form And Functionality Of Additively Manufactured Parts With Internal Structure, Amm Nazmul Ahsan Jan 2019

Form And Functionality Of Additively Manufactured Parts With Internal Structure, Amm Nazmul Ahsan

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

The tool-less additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing processes (3DP) use incremental consolidation of feed-stock materials to construct part. The layer by layer AM processes can achieve spatial material distribution and desired microstructure pattern with high resolution. This unique characteristics of AM can bring custom-made form and tailored functionality within the same object. However, incorporating form and functionality has their own challenge in both design and manufacturing domain. This research focuses on designing manufacturable topology by marrying form and functionality in additively manufactured part using infill structure. To realize the goal, this thesis presents a systematic design framework that focuses …

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Developing A Blackleg Management Package For North Dakota, Sudha G C Upadhaya Jan 2019

Developing A Blackleg Management Package For North Dakota, Sudha G C Upadhaya

Plant Sciences

Blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, inflicts greatest canola yield losses when plants are infected before reaching the six-leaf growth stage. Studies were conducted to model pseudothecia maturation and ascospore dispersal to help growers make timely foliar fungicide applications. Pseudothecia maturation occurred mostly during the second half of June or in July in 2017 and 2018 in North Dakota and ascospores concentrations peaked during mid to late June in both years. A logistic regression model developed using temperature and relative humidity predicted the maturation of pseudothecia and ascospore dispersal with approximately 74% and 70% accuracy respectively. In addition, trials to evaluate …

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Hammer And Roller Milling Of Yellow Split Pea, Amber Christine Kaiser Jan 2019

Hammer And Roller Milling Of Yellow Split Pea, Amber Christine Kaiser

Plant Sciences

Blending nutrient-rich pulses into cereal-based convenience foods could benefit consumers and the cereal and pulse industries but first requires appropriate milling of raw pulses, for which there is no standardized method. Roller milling is the standard method for wheat flour production, but hammer milling is simpler and more cost-effective. Literature documenting pulse flour quality from either system is limited. The goals of this research were to evaluate (1) the effects of hammer mill setup and seed moisture on quality and flowability and (2) the differences between hammer- and roller-milled quality for yellow split pea. For (1), yellow split pea samples …

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