Digital Commons Network^™

Training As An Intervention To Decrease Medical Record Abstraction Errors Multicenter Studies., Meredith Nahm Zozus, Leslie W. Young, Alan E. Simon, Maryam Garza, Lora Lawrence, Songthip T. Ounpraseuth, Megan Bledsoe, Sarah Newman-Norlund, J Dean Jarvis, Mary Mcnally, Kimberly R. Harris, Russell Mcculloh, Rachel Aikman, Sara Cox, Lacy Malloch, Anita Walden, Jessica Snowden, Irene Mangan Chedjieu, Chester A. Wicker, Lauren Atkins, Lori A. Devlin

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Studies often rely on medical record abstraction as a major source of data. However, data quality from medical record abstraction has long been questioned. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) potentially add variability to the abstraction process due to the complexity of navigating and locating study data within these systems. We report training for and initial quality assessment of medical record abstraction for a clinical study conducted by the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network (NRN) using medical record abstraction as the primary data …

Determinants Of Life Expectancy In The Central African Republic, Taylor Rizzo

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the determinants of life expectancy in the Central African Republic. The study uses economic, social, and environmental factors to estimate a health production function. The study aims to offer suggestions on ways to target life expectancy as a method for increasing economic growth. The results show that the best way to increase longevity in the CAR and solve the mortality crisis are to increase sanitation facilities and regulation, solve the hunger/malnutrition problem, and to reduce the deadly spread of HIV. Aid was determined to be significant in improving the well-being of citizens in the CAR.

Mn Food (In)Security: Are Anti-Hunger Interventions In The Twin Cities Perpetuating Food Insecurity And Poverty?, Emma Kiley

Departmental Honors Projects

While anti-hunger organizations across the nation have been doing important work to address this issue, we have yet to see a significant decrease in food insecurity or poverty. This project uses a literature review and interviews with Twin Cities anti-hunger organizations to answer the following questions: How are anti-hunger interventions and the root causes of food insecurity mismatched? And what would it look like if anti-hunger organizations who are heavily engaged in the ‘feeding movement’ shifted their understanding to see food insecurity as a symptom of poverty, rather than an isolated issue? Working through themes of food charity models, privatized …

Looking For Maize Genes Involved In Cold Response: Producing Knockouts For Arabidopsis Homologs Of Maize Candidate Genes Using A Crispr/Cas9 Approach, Katie Hillmann

Departmental Honors Projects

Most of today’s maize is cultivated outside its original climate zone, where yields are constrained by the changes in climate. Maize is especially vulnerable to high temperatures and drought stress, both of which negatively affect corn yields. An important strategy to combat this is early sowing, which avoids the effects of summer droughts and high temperatures in many places around the globe. However, maize is a cold sensitive species (Sanghera et al., 2011), making improvement to cold stress crucial for its adaption. The relatively new system CRISPR (Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 offers the potential to study cold-stress related …

A Time-Friendly, Feasible Measure Of Nutrition Knowledge In Type 1 Diabetes: The Electronic Nutrition And Carbohydrate Counting Quiz (Encq)., Arwen M. Marker, Amy E. Noser, Nicole Knecht, Mark A. Clements, Susana R. Patton

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Greater knowledge about nutrition and carbohydrate counting are associated with improved glycemic control and quality of life in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, limited assessments of nutrition and carbohydrate knowledge have been developed, and existing measures can be time-consuming, overly broad, or not conducive to routine clinical use. To fill this gap, we developed and examined the feasibility of administering the electronic Nutrition and Carbohydrate Counting Quiz (eNCQ).

METHOD: Ninety-two caregivers and 70 youth with T1D (mean age 12.5 years; mean time since diagnosis 5 years; English speaking) completed the 19-item eNCQ via tablet during a routine …

The Children's Oncology Group: Organizational Structure, Membership, And Institutional Characteristics., Janice S. Withycombe, Todd A. Alonzo, Michele A. Wilkins-Sanchez, Maxine Hetherington, Peter C. Adamson, Wendy Landier

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The Children's Oncology Group (COG) is the only organization within the National Cancer Institute's National Clinical Trials Network dedicated exclusively to pediatric cancer research. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of COG's organizational structure, to characterize its institutional and individual membership, and to summarize enrollments onto COG clinical trials.

METHOD: Data from 2013 to 2015 were compiled from sources internal (Network Operations, Statistics and Data Center, Chair's Office) and external (American Hospital Association, American Nurses Credentialing Center) to COG, to present a comprehensive overview of COG's structure, individual and institutional membership, and group operations.

RESULTS: …

Weaning Of Moderately Preterm Infants From The Incubator To The Crib: A Randomized Clinical Trial., Seetha Shankaran, Edward F. Bell, Abbot R. Laptook, Shampa Saha, Nancy S. Newman, S Nadya J Kazzi, John Barks, Barbara J. Stoll, Rebecca Bara, Jenna Gabrio, Kirsten Childs, Abhik Das, Rosemary D. Higgins, Waldemar A. Carlo, Pablo J. Sánchez, David P. Carlton, Lara Pavageau, William F. Malcolm, Carl T. D'Angio, Robin K. Ohls, Brenda B. Poindexter, Gregory M. Sokol, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Tarah T. Colaizy, Ayman Khmour, Karen M. Puopolo, Meena Garg, Michele C. Walsh, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health, And Human Development Neonatal Research Network, William E. Truog, Eugenia K. Pallotto, Howard Kilbride, Cheri Gauldin, Anne Holmes, K Johnson

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether length of hospital stay is decreased among moderately preterm infants weaned from incubator to crib at a lower vs higher weight.

STUDY DESIGN: This trial was conducted in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Infants with gestational ages 29-33 weeks, birthweightg, and in an incubator were randomly assigned to a weaning weight of 1600 or 1800 g. Within 60 to 100 g of weaning weight, the incubator temperature was decreased by 1.0°C to 1.5°C every 24 hours until 28.0°C. The infants were weaned to the crib following …

Sentient Animals Do Not Just Live In The Present, John Webster

Animal Sentience

Sheep are particularly well-equipped with the cognitive and emotional skills appropriate to their phenotype and natural environment. These include spatial memory, the benefits of safety in numbers, and the ability to recognise special individuals in large flocks by sight and by sound. Marino & Merskin’s target article reviews convincing evidence on whether sheep are more or less clever than other mammalian species. Sheep are very good at being sheep. But sentient animals do not just live in the present. Their emotional state is not simply dictated by events of the moment. If they learn, they can cope; if not, they …

Positive Sentience Is Underrated, Teya Brooks Pribac

Animal Sentience

My commentary focuses on two aspects of ovine (well-)being considered in the review: the developmental context and (un)fulfilled potentialities.

The Impacts Of Gold Mining On Vegetation And Mycorrhizal Colonization In Northern Canada, Sarah Mediouni

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Gold mining is an important part of economic development in Northern Canada. A large portion of the gold that is found in the North is contained within arsenopyrite ores, therefore, arsenic contamination is of special concern. Little is known regarding the impacts of arsenic on plants and mycorrhizae in Northern Ecosystems. Arsenic has been shown to negatively impact plant growth and seed germination in some temperate species, while others are tolerant and can accumulate arsenic concentrations over 1000 mg/kg. In temperate regions, arbuscular mycorrhiza can accelerate the remediation process in gold mines by supporting plant growth in poor soil conditions …

Characterization Of The Red Complex Bacterial Biofilm, Alena Pratasouskaya

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Commonly associated with severe inflammation and destruction of the tooth-supporting tissue is bacterial consortia Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, collectively referred to as the red complex. The red complex uses the common bacterial strategy of producing and embedding itself in extracellular polymeric substance, which contributes to the recalcitrance of periodontitis and was therefore of interest in this study. The red complex static cultures were grown in combination with different chemicals in order to establish what changes accompany these chemical challenges. This research established that extracellular polymeric substance carbohydrate yields increased with time. Interestingly, carbohydrate composition …

The Surprising Reach Of Fda Regulation Of Cannabis, Even After Descheduling, Sean O'Connor

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Multitrophic Perspective On Biodiversity–Ecosystem Functioning Research, Nico Eisenhauer, Holger Schielzeth, Andrew D. Barnes, Kathryn Barry, Aletta Bonn, Ulrich Brose, Helge Bruelheide, Nina Buchmann, Francois Buscott, Anne Ebeling, Olga Ferlian, Grégoire T. Freschet, Darren P. Giling, Stephan Hättenschwiler, Helmut Hillebrand, Jes Hines, Forest Isbell, Eva Koller-France, Birgitta König-Ries, Hans De Kroon, Sebastian T. Meyer, Alexandru Milcu, Jörg Müller, Charles A. Nock, Jana S. Petermann, Christiane Roscher, Christoph Scherber, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Bernhard Schmid, Andreas Schuldt, Teja Tscharntke, Manfred Türke, Nicole M. Van Dam, Fons Van Der Plas, Anja Vogel, Cameron Wagg, David A. Wardle, Alexandra Weigelt, Wolfgang W. Weisser, Christian Wirth, Malte Jochum

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Concern about the functional consequences of unprecedented loss in biodiversity has prompted biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research to become one of the most active fields of ecological research in the past 25 years. Hundreds of experiments have manipulated biodiversity as an independent variable and found compelling support that the functioning of ecosystems increases with the diversity of their ecological communities. This research has also identified some of the mechanisms underlying BEF relationships, some context-dependencies of the strength of relationships, as well as implications for various ecosystem services that mankind depends upon. In this paper, we argue that a multitrophic perspective of …

Investigating The Effect Of Sodium Benzoate On Immune Cells And Microbial Populations In The Small Intestine Of Murine Species., Shelby Pedigo

Senior Honors Projects, 2010-2019

Dietary ingredients can influence the mucosal surface morphology and mucosal immunity of the gastrointestinal tract. Additional health concerns and behavioral changes have been attributed to the consumption of foods containing preservatives and additives. Sodium benzoate (SB) is a commonly used bacteriostatic in food and beverages. This study investigates the effects of SB on the gut bacteria and mucosal health in the gastrointestinal tract of laboratory mice. The extent of lymphocytic infiltration in intestinal villi and granular density of Paneth cells in the ileum were used as evaluators of mucosal immunity. Adult C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to two …

The Effect Of Lactobacillus Genus On Weight Loss And Obesity Phenotype In Murine Species And Humans, Kelsey Zvejnieks

Health and Nutritional Sciences Graduate Students Plan B Capstone Projects

The review attempts to determine the effects of Lactobacillus genus supplementation on weight and weight related factors. A literature review produced nine studies that met selection criteria. Of the nine articles included in the review, eight of them demonstrated weight loss among the study population after supplementation with Lactobacillus species. To initiate routine supplementation of Lactobacillus species in dietetic practice additional research is need to better understand mechanisms of action, optimal dosage, impact of varied macronutrient composition, and timeframe required for supplementation.

Health & Nutritional Sciences Free Communication Day: Spring 2019 Plan B Abstracts, Viola Davies, Jonathan Shaeffer, Amy Hommes, Zachary Fehringer, Andrew Cheney, Alli Delay, Alyssa Finke, Kaitlin Reece, Jacob Elfmann, Maggan Froseth, Kala Nurnberg, Keith Thompson, David Andersen, Samantha Kratovil, Makenna Meier, Lezlie Pommer, Amanda Nack

Health and Nutritional Sciences Graduate Students Plan B Capstone Projects

This document contains Plan B abstracts presented by graduate students at the Health and Nutritional Sciences Free Communication Day, held on April 30th 2019.

Abstract titles include:

• Effect of supervised aquatic therapy and supervised land-based therapy on chronic low back pain.
• The College Football Recruiting Process and Ways to Improve It
• The Effects of Probiotics on Depression and Anxiety
• Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy versus Physical Therapy: Best Intervention to Improve Outcomes in Patients with Meniscal Tears?
• Does the inclusion of mental health education programs have an effect on the help seeking behavior of collegiate student-athletes?
• Establishing a Sustainable Nutrition Education Program …

Oberlin's Experimental Hazelnut Orchard: Exploring Woody Agriculture's Potential For Climate Change Mitigation And Food System Resilience, Naomi Fireman

Honors Papers

Mitigating and adapting to climate change and transitioning to more sustainable agricultural methods to feed a growing human population are fundamental challenges today. Woody agriculture holds potential for addressing both through food production and carbon sequestration. To help assess this potential, in 2011, Oberlin College planted an experimental orchard made up of 70 hybrid hazelnut trees treated with three levels of fertilization. I asked the questions: How does annual allocation of carbon to different tissues change over time as hybrid hazels mature? How much carbon can this system store, where is it stored, and how does this change over time? …

Pursue Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 2 (Issue 1) 2019

Pursue: Undergraduate Research Journal

The scholarly journal, “PURSUE: Undergraduate Research Journal” (ISSN 2473-6201), provides undergraduates an avenue to publish their original research abstracts and articles in the following areas: psychology, sociology, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computer science, mathematics, humanities, agriculture, architecture, health, business, and education (this list is not exclusive).

The original research articles included in this journal are peer reviewed and selected by the journal’s Editorial Board. The review process allows undergraduate researchers to receive feedback from notable scientists in their field of study and teach them about the publication process. Publication of their work will not only inform the scientific community; it …

College Of Dental Medicine 2019, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Maternal Blood Pressure In Relation To Low Birth Weight And The Effect Of A Nutritional Supplement, Alyssa Abreu

Open Access Master's Theses

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy impact over 10% of pregnancies worldwide, while increasing the risk of low birth weight. Research is conflicting on the effect of nutrient supplementation on hypertension during pregnancy. The cutoffs to define hypertension have also recently changed to include a lower systolic blood pressure, and little research has examined the association between the newly proposed blood pressure cutoffs and low birth weight.

Objectives: Our objectives were to 1) evaluate the impact of prenatal lipid-based nutrient supplement consumption on maternal blood pressure; and 2) assess the association between maternal blood pressure during early and late …

Evaluation Of A Policy, System, And Environmental School-Based Fruit And Vegetable Intervention, Caterina Marie Morgera

Open Access Master's Theses

Objectives: To determine the effect of a policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) intervention, Students Take Charge! (STC), among 4th and 5th grade students from low-income communities on 1) fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, and 2) PSE and FV knowledge, and self-efficacy (SE) to ask for FV at school and home.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used involving six schools over two years. Schools were purposely selected; two schools each year either received STC or standard instruction. The study sample includes students (n=326 intervention; n=351 comparison) providing pre and post data (baseline and post-assessment at week 18). Supplemental …

Pilot Testing A Nutrition And Motivational Interviewing Curriculum For Nursing Students, Taylor Benson Berlinsky

Open Access Master's Theses

Background: Nurses are often overlooked as resources for childhood obesity prevention efforts. Although some studies have focused on educating nurses about obesity prevention, few have included training in motivational interviewing (MI). The purpose of this study was to develop and pilot a nutrition and MI curriculum and assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy with undergraduate nursing students.

Methods: The curriculum included three 2.5-hour sessions and one follow-up session. Using a non-experimental pre-post study design, nutrition and MI knowledge, self-efficacy, and curriculum satisfaction were evaluated via self-reported surveys. During the follow-up session, participants practiced their MI skills with …

Role Of Critical Nutrition Literacy In Making Informed Decisions About Dietary Behavior, Janette Nazeli Bedoyan

Open Access Master's Theses

Statement of the Problem: Nutrition literacy, derived from health literacy, is the ability to understand basic information needed to make appropriate nutrition decisions. Critical nutrition literacy (CNL), the highest level of nutrition literacy, is defined as the ability to critically analyze and apply nutrition information. Although studies have explored the lower levels of nutrition literacy (functional and interactive), CNL has seldom been investigated. One instrument developed to measure CNL, the Critical Nutrition Literacy Tool (CNLT), was found to have strong psychometrical validity and reliability; however, the external validity of the instrument is unknown. Thus, the purpose of this research …

Knowledge Concerning Health Factors And Cognitive Performance: Development And Expert Validation Of A Perceptions Questionnaire, Caitlin Ogram Buckley

Open Access Master's Theses

The promotion of brain health is often perceived through an illness model, as research tends to focus on risk reduction in regards to neurodegenerative disease. However, research indicates that healthy individuals can potentially improve their cognitive performance through the adoption of health-promoting behaviors such as diet, exercise, and the management of chronic medical conditions (e.g. Type 2 Diabetes, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol). It is less clear how well this message has been disseminated to the general public. The current study aims to advance a critical foundation for brain health research by developing a questionnaire to assess public beliefs …

Safety And Efficacy Of Whey Protein Supplementation In Teenage Athletes, Andrew Stranieri

Open Access Master's Theses

In addition to the physical aspects of training, young athletes are also mirroring the nutritional and supplementation practices of adult athletes. While research on the use of supplements among adult athletes is well known, few studies on supplement use by teenage athletes exist. Research has reported that between 22.3% to 71% of high school athletes use some form of supplementation, with whey protein being the most common. Despite the popularity of whey protein among teenage athletes, knowledge regarding its effects on health and performance in teenage athletes is currently insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the …

Childhood Emotional Maltreatment And Anxiety: The Effect Of Engaging In A Healthy Lifestyle, Hayley E. Pomerantz

Open Access Master's Theses

Childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) represents a major public health concern, and the consequences of CEM are understudied. Emotional maltreatment is comprised of both emotional abuse (EA) and emotional neglect (EN). Although the link between CEM and overall psychological distress is well established, less is known about the mechanisms through which a history of CEM can influence symptoms of anxiety. The current study hypothesized that engagement in a healthy lifestyle would mediate the relationship between CEM and symptoms of anxiety. It was also hypothesized that gender would moderate this relationship. The current study analyzed EA and EN separately. Results indicated that …

Effect Of Eating Pace Instructional Classes At The Microstructural Level Of Bites, Carolyn N. Matsumoto

Open Access Master's Theses

Problem Statement: Eating behaviors have been found to differ between overweight and lean individuals. Eating faster, taking more bites, and larger bite sizes have been associated with increased energy intake. Effective weight management interventions that target within-meal eating behaviors, such as biting, chewing, swallowing, and pausing, are limited.

Background: A five-week intervention study designed to modify within-meal eating behaviors reduced laboratory eating rate of healthy young female participants who were overweight. The effect of the Eating Pace Instructional Classes (EPIC) intervention at the level of individual bites of food was not previously examined.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of ad libitum …

Changes In Expression Of The Autophagy-Related Genes Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3Β And Autophagy Related 7 In Skeletal Muscle Of Fattening Japanese Black Cattle: A Pilot Study, Tomonori Nakanishi, Tadaaki Tokunaga, Takafumi Ishida, Ikuo Kobayashi, Yuta Katahama, Azusa Yano, Laurie Erickson, Satoshi Kawahara

Hebrew Theological College Publications and Research

Objective

Autophagy is a bulk degradation system for intracellular proteins which contributes to skeletal muscle homeostasis, according to previous studies in humans and rodents. However, there is a lack of information on the physiological role of autophagy in the skeletal muscle of meat animals. This study was planned as a pilot study to investigate changes in expression of two major autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (MAP1LC3B) and autophagy related 7 (ATG7) in fattening beef cattle, and to compare them with skeletal muscle growth.

Methods

Six castrated Japanese Black cattle (initial body weight: 503±20 kg) were enrolled in …

Mathematically Modeling The Role Of Triglyceride Production On Leptin Resistance, Yu Zhao, Daniel Burkow, Baojun Song

Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Diet-induced obesity is becoming more common all over the world, which is increasing the prevalence of obesity-induced chronic diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, and sleep apnea. Many experimental results show that obesity is often associated with an elevated concentration of plasma leptin and triglycerides. Triglycerides inhibit the passage of leptin across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to signal the hypothalamus to suppress appetite. However, it is still not clear how triglyceride concentration affects leptin transport across the BBB and energy balance. In this paper, we propose a novel ordinary differential equations model describing the role of leptin in …

Transitional Justice In Housing Injustice: The Case Of Housing Rights Violations Within Settler Democracies, Manal Totry-Jubran

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

The right to housing is recognized by international human rights treaties as an integral part of the right to an adequate standard of living. Many states have ratified these treaties and incorporated protection of some aspects of housing rights into their constitutions and domestic legislation. Other states have not enacted any legislation in recognition of housing rights, but they provide judicial remedies for violations of rights. Despite that, domestic and international reports indicate that housing rights are constantly being violated in countries across the world at different levels.

This Article focuses on housing rights violations within "settler democracies." Such countries …