Digital Commons Network^™

Insulin And Non-Insulin Dependent Glut4 Trafficking: Regulation By The Tug Protein, Stephen Devries

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The body tightly regulates glucose production and disposal despite changing metabolic demands, including large post-prandial and fasting fluctuations. Specifically, under the action of insulin, muscle contraction, ischemia, and poor nutrient availability, cells increase the amount of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) at the plasma membrane by mobilizing a sequestered pool of transporters. In this work, we demonstrate that the TUG (tether containing a UBX domain for GLUT4) protein mediates both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways to increase GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. In mice fed a high fat diet to induce insulin resistance, the regulation of the endoproteolytic cleavage of …

Outcomes Among Patients With Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia With No Revascularization Option And Deep Vein Arterialization As A Novel Revascularization Approach: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mohammed Imran Riaz Ghare

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Objective: To quantify the 6- and 12-month amputation-free survival (AFS) in patients with “no-option” Rutherford category 5/6 critical limb ischemia (CLI) in current clinical practice and to characterize outcomes and methods for deep vein arterialization as a possible means for revascularization in patients who are not candidates for conventional surgical or endovascular revascularization. We also sought to determine if there was any trend in amputation-free survival before and after 2003 which was the year of publication for the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7).

Background:

The natural …

Paging Dr. Robot: Applying An Outdated, Regulated Scheme To Robotic Medicine, Talya Van Embden

Nova Law Review

No abstract provided.

An ‘Omics Approach To Diet & Structure Impact On Perfluoroalkyl Substance Induced Liver Disease, Marisa Pfohl

Open Access Dissertations

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a family of environmental toxicants, are ubiquitous in the environment and the human population. PFAS are manmade chemicals that have been widely used in manufacturing since the 1940s. PFAS are extremely resistant to degradation leading to their accumulation within the environment and the general population. The most concentrated PFAS member present in the general population, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), has been linked to suppressed vaccine response, high serum cholesterol, low fetal birth weight, thyroid disease, increased markers of liver injury, and even certain types of cancers. PFOS was voluntarily phased out of manufacturing due to its bioaccumulutive and …

Ultrasound/Elastography Techniques, Lipidomic And Blood Markers Compared To Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Adults, Irene Cantero, Mariana Elorz, Itziar Abete, Bertha Araceli Marin, Jose Ignacio Herrero, Jose Ignacio Monreal, Alberto Benito, Jorge Quiroga, Ana Martínez, Pilar Huarte, Juan Isidro Uriz-Otano, Josep Antoni Tur, John Kearney, J. Alfredo Martinez, M. Angeles Zulet

Articles

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may progress to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and complicated hepatocellular carcinoma with defined differential symptoms and manifestations. Objective: To evaluate the fatty liver status by several validated approaches and to compare imaging techniques, lipidomic and routine blood markers with magnetic resonance imaging in adults subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Materials and methods: A total of 127 overweight/obese with NAFLD, were parallelly assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), ultrasonography, transient elastography and a validated metabolomic designed test to diagnose NAFLD in this cross-sectional study. Body composition (DXA), hepatic related biochemical measurements as well as the Fatty …

Effect Of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation On Preoperative Pulmonary Physiology, Postoperative Respiratory Complications And Quality Of Life In Patients With Oesophageal Cancer, J. A. Elliott, L. O'Byrne, G. Foley, C. F. Murphy, Suzanne Doyle, S. King, E. M. Guinan, N. Ravi, V. Reynolds

Articles

Background: It remains controversial whether neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) for oesophageal cancer influences operative morbidity, in particular pulmonary, and quality of life. This study combined clinical outcome data with systematic evaluation of pulmonary physiology to determine the impact of nCRT on pulmonary physiology and clinical outcomes in locally advanced oesophageal cancer.

Methods: Consecutive patients treated between 2010 and 2016 were included. Three-dimensional conformal radiation was standard, with a lung dose–volume histogram of V20 less than 25 per cent, and total radiation between 40 and 41⋅4Gy. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity …

The Effect Of Atmospheric Cold Plasma On Bacterial Stress Responses And Virulence Using Listeria Monocytogenes Knockout Mutants, Apurva Patange, Conor O'Byrne, Daniela Boehm, Patrick J. Cullen, Kevin Keener, Paula Bourke

Articles

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic intracellular pathogen commonly associated with serious 16 infections and multiple food-borne outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the influence of 17 atmospheric cold plasma (80 kV, 50 Hz) on L. monocytogenes (EGD-e) and its knockout mutants of 18 sigB, rsbR, prfA, gadD and lmo0799 genes at different treatment time intervals. Further, to ascertain if 19 sub-lethal environmental stress conditions could influence L. monocytogenes survival and growth 20 responses, atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) resistance was evaluated for the cultures exposed to cold 21 (4°C) or acid (pH 4) stress for 1 h. The results demonstrate that …

Dough Properties And Baking Characteristics Of White Bread, As Affected By Addition Of Raw, Germinated And Toasted Pea Flour, Kim A. Millar, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Roisin Burke, Sinead Mccarthy, Eimear Gallagher

Articles

Thermal and non-thermal processing may alter the structure and improve the techno-functional properties of pulses and pulse flours, increasing their range of applications in protein-enhanced foods. The effects of germination and toasting of yellow peas (Pisum sativum) on flour and dough characteristics were investigated. Wheat flour was substituted with raw, germinated and toasted pea flour (30%). The resulting bread-baking properties were assessed. Toasting increased dough water absorption and improved dough stability compared with germinated and raw pea flour (p < 0.05). This resulted in bread loaves with comparable specific volume and loaf density to that of a wheat flour control. Significant correlations between dough rheological properties and loaf characteristics were observed. Addition of pea flours increased the protein content of the breads from 8.4% in the control white bread, to 10.1–10.8% (p < 0.001). Toasting demonstrated the potential to improve the techno-functional properties of pea flour. Results highlight the potential application of pea flour in bread-making to increase the protein content.

Linking Communicative Interaction To Cognitive Functioning: Implications For Older Adults, Denise Calhoun

Theses and Dissertations

As the percentage of older adults within the U.S. steadily increases, long-term care options are being impacted with growing numbers of seniors to provide for. The reality of these elevated numbers have sparked an interest in researchers to conduct studies on human development, plasticity in the brain, and training and intervention programs in search for ways to halt or lessen the cognitive and communicative decline, in older adults. As an alternative path to help older adults maintain quality of life, this study proposes to examine the link between communicative interaction and cognitive functioning to educate family members and healthcare providers …

Guest Editorial: National Consortium For Building Healthy Academic Communities (Bhac) 2019 National Summit: An Experience To Remember, Christine S. Gipson, Teresa Donegan

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

National Consortium for Building Healthy Academic Communities (BHAC) 2019 National Summit: An Experience to Remember.

Creating A Culture Of Wellness: A Call To Action For Higher Education, Igniting Change In Academic Institutions, Megan Amaya, Teresa Donegan, Debbie Conner, Julie Edwards, Christine S. Gipson

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Due to the continued rise of chronic conditions and unhealthy lifestyle choices, more innovative and evidence-based practices are needed for students, faculty and staff to improve population health outcomes and enhance overall well-being.

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to inform academic health promotion professionals of key strategies to consider in order to create cultures of wellness on their college campuses.

Methods: A review of the existing literature was conducted.

Results: The most current evidence-based practices to create a culture of wellness are discussed.

Conclusions: Institutions of higher education have an opportunity to create campus cultures that foster …

Wood Creek Tidal Marsh Enhancement Project Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring Report 2019, Alex T. Morrison, Jett W. Hagerty, Claire M. Branson

Environmental Science & Management Senior Capstones

The focus of this report was to monitor benthic macroinvertebrate communities on the Freshwater Farms Reserve, which underwent two phases of restoration as part of the Wood Creek Tidal Marsh Enhancement Project in 2009-2010 and 2016-2018. Objectives for the restoration activities were to increase winter rearing refugia habitat for several threatened/endangered fish species such as the tidewater goby (Eucyclogobius newberryi), Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The goals of this project were to (1) sample and identify BMIs along a salinity gradient in Wood Creek; (2) assess water quality; and (3) …

A Novel Sparse Compositional Technique Reveals Microbial Perturbations, Cameron Martino, James T. Morton, Clarisse A. Martoz, Luke R. Thompson, Anupriya Tripathi, Rob Knight, Karsten Zengler

Faculty Publications

The central aims of many host or environmental microbiome studies are to elucidate factors associated with microbial community compositions and to relate microbial features to outcomes. However, these aims are often complicated by difficulties stemming from high-dimensionality, non-normality, sparsity, and the compositional nature of microbiome data sets. A key tool in microbiome analysis is beta diversity, defined by the distances between microbial samples. Many different distance metrics have been proposed, all with varying discriminatory power on data with differing characteristics. Here, we propose a compositional beta diversity metric rooted in a centered log-ratio transformation and matrix completion called robust Aitchison …

Strength Training Improves Metabolic Health Markers In Older Individual Regardless Of Training Frequency, Johanna K. Ihalainen, Alistair Inglis, Tuomas Mäkinen, Robert U. Newton, Heikki Kainulainen, Heikki Kyröläinen, Simon Walker

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of frequency, thereby increasing training volume, of resistance training on body composition, inflammation markers, lipid and glycemic profile in healthy older individuals (age range 65–75 year). Ninety-two healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups; performing strength training one- (EX1), two- (EX2), or three- (EX3) times-per-week and a non-training control (CON) group. Whole-body strength training was performed using 2–5 sets and 4–12 repetitions per exercise and 7–9 exercises per session. All training groups attended supervised resistance training for 6 months. Body composition was measured by dual …

Establishment Of Coral-Bacteria Symbioses Reveal Changes In The Core Bacterial Community With Host Ontogeny, Rachele Bernasconi, Michael Stat, Annette Koenders, Andrea Paparini, Michael Bunce, Megan J. Huggett

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Bacterial communities are fundamental symbionts of corals. However, the process by which bacterial communities are acquired across the life history of corals, particularly in larval and early juvenile stages, is still poorly characterized. Here, transfer of bacteria of the Scleractinian coral Acropora digitifera from adults to spawned egg-sperm bundles was analyzed, as well as acquisition across early developmental stages (larvae and newly settled spat), and 6-month-old juveniles. Larvae were reared under manipulated environmental conditions to determine the source (maternal, seawater, or sediment) of bacteria likely to establish symbiotic relationships with the host using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. …

Measuring Food Provision In Western Australian Long Day Care (Ldc) Services: A Weighed Food Record Method/Protocol At A Service Level, Ros Sambell, Ruth Wallace, Leesa Costello, Amanda Devine

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

There are currently 1.3 million children utilising Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services in Australia. Long day care (LDC), family day care and out of school hours care currently provide this service in different environments. This research reports findings from a LDC perspective. Children can consume 40–67% of their food intake whilst at LDC services, this highlights the importance of monitoring food provision at a service level. There are several methods to measure food provision which typically focus on intake at an individual level. There is limited evidence of measuring food provision accurately at a service level and …

The Dietary Bioaccumulation And Detection Of Engineered Nanosilver In Fish, Nathaniel Clark

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Emerging contaminants, including engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), need to undergo environmental risk assessment, whereby they are tested for properties of persistence in the environment, toxicity or bioaccumulation. To date, little data exists for the bioaccumulation of ENMs in animals, particularly fish, with a focus on alternative methods to in vivo testing. Also, interpretation of data for hazard assessment is hampered by the lack of routine methods to detect the form of materials in the tissues following exposure. Therefore, there were three main aims to the thesis; the first was to determine the dietary accumulation of ENMs into fish, using a tiered …

Human Impacts On Oligotrophic Marine Ecosystems: Case Studies From Cyprus, Mediterranean Sea, Demetris Kletou

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

Highly oligotrophic marine waters cover about a third of the Earth’s surface and have diverse communities that are affected by multiple stressors, such as ocean acidification, warming, marine litter, pollution, overfishing. The low nutrient Mediterranean Sea has high biodiversity and endemism but is heavily impacted by these human pressures and a recent major influx of invasive alien species that compete, predate and infect indigenous species. Aquaculture effluents and eutrophication alter water quality and add pressure on coastal ecosystems that are already subject to habitat loss and degradation due to coastal developments. This PhD dissertation reviews human impacts on highly oligotrophic …

Development Of Autochthonous Probiotic Candidates For Tilapia Aquaculture, Rungtawan Yomla

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

This programme of work sought to develop autochthonous probiotic solutions for tilapia aquaculture. Initial work began with the isolation of isolate 34 bacterial cultures from the tilapia intestine, which were tested for probiotic potential in vitro. Fifteen isolates displayed positive probiotic properties in in vitro assays. The selection of high potential probiotic candidates was based on multi-parameter properties using the Z−score method, which ranked isolates identified as Bacillus sp. CHP02 (Z score = 1.48), Bacillus sp. RP01 (1.14) and Bacillus sp. RP00 (1.09) as having the greatest potential. These isolates, along with Enterobacter sp. NP02 (0.50), were then assessed for …

Bioturbation In Estuarine Sediments: Modelling Macrofauna-Mediated Oxygen Dynamics, Xiaoyu Fang

School of Biological and Marine Sciences Theses

The aim of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive examination of the roles of macrofauna in estuarine biogeochemistry by adopting a multidisciplinary field and laboratory-based approach and integrating species distribution modelling with biomass-dependent ecosystem function relationships. Eventually, an ecosystem management tool to provide insights into the ecological consequences of anthropogenic disturbance in estuaries was developed using the Western Scheldt as a model system. To establish a baseline understanding of the spatio-temporal patterns of macrobenthos (activities) and ecosystem functioning in the Scheldt estuary, a seasonal survey was carried out during four consecutive seasons in 2015 and 2016, sampling three habitats …

Acute Effects Of Fine Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) On Hospital Admissions For Cardiovascular Disease In Beijing, China: A Time-Series Study, Endawoke Amsalu, Tianqi Wang, Haibin Li, Yue Liu, Anxin Wang, Xiangtong Liu, Lixin Tao, Yanxia Luo, Feng Zhang, Xinghua Yang, Xia Li, Wei Wang, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

Air pollution and cardiovascular disease are increasing problems in China. However, the short-term association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not well documented. The purpose of this study is to estimate the short-term effects of PM2.5 on CVD admissions in Beijing, China.

Methods

In total, 460,938 electronic hospitalization summary reports for CVD between 2013 and 2017 were obtained. A generalized additive model using a quasi-Poisson distribution was used to investigate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and hospitalizations for total and cause-specific CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and heart failure (HF) …

Interplay Between Residual Protease Activity In Commercial Lactases And The Subsequent Digestibility Of Β-Casein In A Model System, Di Zhao, Thao T. Le, Lotte B. Larsen, Yingqun Nian, Cong Wang, Chunbao Li, Guanghong Zhou

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

One of the conventional ways to produce lactose-hydrolyzed (LH) milk is via the addition of commercial lactases into heat-treated milk in which lactose is hydrolyzed throughout storage. This post-hydrolysis method can induce proteolysis in milk proteins due to protease impurities remaining in commercial lactase preparations. In this work, the interplay between lactose hydrolysis, proteolysis, and glycation was studied in a model system of purified β-casein (β-CN), lactose, and lactases using peptidomic methods. With a lactase presence, the proteolysis of β-CN was found to be increased during storage. The protease side-activities mainly acted on the hydrophobic C-terminus of β-CN at Ala, …

Observations And Applications Of Husbandry Methodologies On A Backyard Poultry Farm In Dangriga, Belize, Bailey A. Carpenter, Frank Dustan Clark

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

This study explores the husbandry methodologies on a backyard poultry farm in Dangriga, Belize, with the purpose of producing a set of guidelines for backyard poultry growers that have limited resources in similar regions. The majority of data collection occurred through survey questions approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), which is responsible for protecting the rights and welfare of human research subjects, necropsies approved by IACUC, and general observations. There has been a steady increase in poultry production in developing regions due to its positive effects on income and relative nutrition. However, due to a lack of accessible communication …

Cytotoxic And Genotoxic Action Of Tagetes Patula Flower Methanol Extract And Patuletin Using The Allium Test, Mudassar Azhar, Ahsana Dar Farooq, Sayedul Haque, Samina Bano, Lubna Zaheer, Shaheen Faizi

Turkish Journal of Biology

Tagetes patula is used to treat cancer patients in alternative healthcare systems. However, its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects have not been reported. Therefore, the methanol extract of T. patula flower, the ethyl acetate fraction, and the pure compound patuletin were evaluated using the Allium test. The methanol extract and fraction contained ~3% and ~36% patuletin, respectively, with ~98% purity. The methanol extract caused inhibition of Allium root growth displaying an IC50 value of ~500 μg/mL, while the fraction and patuletin were more potent by ~2 and ~5 times, respectively. The Allium root tips demonstrated a decline in prophase, metaphase, anaphase, …

Folk Medicine In Düzce Province (Turkey), İlhan Gürbüz, Ayşe Mi̇ne Gençler Özkan, Gali̇p Akaydin, Ece Sali̇hoğlu, Tuğba Günbatan, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇, Erdem Yeşi̇lada

Turkish Journal of Botany

The present study was conducted to collect, record, and document local knowledge of medicinal practices in Düzce, a northwestern Anatolian province. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive ethnobotanical study has been reported from this province. Information was acquired through semistructured interviews and personal conversations using a questionnaire and numerous guided field trips with local knowledgeable people. For quantitative analyses and comparisons, recorded data such as informant consensus factor (FIC) and use value (UV) were calculated, respectively. As a result of extensive field studies, 122 taxa were determined as folk medicines; 76 of were wild and 46 were cultivated. …

Squalene Attenuates The Oxidative Stress And Activates Akt/Mtor Pathway Against Cisplatin-Induced Kidney Damage In Mice, Ayşe Arzu Şakul, Mehmet Ozansoy, Bi̇rsen Eli̇bol, Şule Ayla, Mehmet Yalçin Günal, Yasemi̇n Yozgat, Selma Hüveyda Başağa, Kazi̇m Şahi̇n, Rümeyza Kazancioğlu, Ülkan Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Biology

The clinical use of cisplatin, which is a first-line anticancer agent, is highly restricted due to its adverse effects on kidneys that lead to nephrotoxicity. Therefore, some potential reno-protective substances have been used in combination with cisplatin to cope with nephrotoxicity. Due to its high antitumor activity and oxygen-carrying capacity, we investigated the molecular effects of squalene against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and kidney damage in mice. Single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) was given to male Balb/c mice. Squalene (100 mg/kg/day) was administered orogastrically to mice for 10 days. Following sacrification, molecular alterations were investigated as analysis of the levels …

“Because We Have Chosen A Life Of Peace”: A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Of Vegan Food Narratives, Silke H. Feltz

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Restaurants, grocery stores, fast food chains, and companies all over the United States introduce the consumer to more vegan products, dishes, and services than ever before. The rise of veganism therefore offers a rhetorical platform that should be studied. This dissertation discusses the rhetoric of veganism by analyzing food narratives of vegans through a critical intersectional lens and consists of three research stages. The first research stage investigates the narratology of Glenn Scott Lacey’s documentary, Vegan: Everyday Stories(2016). In particular, this rhetorical analysis focuses on the evaluative belief system of vegan storytelling by applying narrative and ideological criticism. The …

Spatiotemporal Variability In Winter Severity: Consequences For White-Tailed Deer Populations And Habitat Sustainability, Grace Parikh

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Winter in the northern Great Lakes presents a suite of challenging conditions for animals, in terms of limited food availability and increased energetic cost of locomotion and thermoregulation. Variable winter severity is liable to cause interannual fluctuations in habitat viability and use by animals, in addition to modulating physiological responses in animals to conserve energy. For example, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) congregate at high densities under eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) or northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis) stands, which provide forage, thermal cover, reduced snow depth, and enhanced vigilance. However, a suite of climatic, edaphic, and …

Harvest Intensity And Delineation Of Outwash Soils In Wisconsin, Robert Richard

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The whole-tree harvest of an oak forest showed significant decreases to total nitrogen and potassium pools, and the calcium pool showed weaker evidence for significant declines in comparison to the stem-only harvest. Simulated whole-tree harvests in aspen decreased the total number of rotations by a full rotation on nutrient-poor outwash soils (Entic Haplorthods and Typic Udipsamments) by depleting the potassium, calcium, and magnesium pools in 180 years from whole-tree harvest in comparison to 225 years in the stem-only harvest. Nitrogen and phosphorus harvest removals did not compose a large percentage of ecosystem pools. Since harvest removals for some elements exceed …

Design And Development Of Personal Protective Equipment Products To Reduce The Impacts Of Machete Injuries For Indigenous Ngäbe Subsistence Farmers In Bocas Del Toro, Panama, Micah Koller

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Design and development of personal protective equipment products for workers using machetes (MPPE) is considered in the specific context of indigenous Ngäbe subsistence farmers in a small, rural community in Bocas del Toro, Panama where the author spent two years as a Peace Corps volunteer from 2017-2019. People in this community regularly suffer significant health and economic impacts due to accidents with machetes, which are essential tools in their farm work and daily lives. The history, criticisms, and recent frameworks related to product design and development in resource-poor markets is examined, and specific details of the problem of machete injuries …