Digital Commons Network^™

Preventing Obesity And Type 2 Diabetes In Immigrant Populations, Maxwell K. Chikuta

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Obesity-related diseases have been increasing in African immigrants throughout the United States. Although research has been done to identify risk factors associated with many ethnic groups in the United States, only a few studies exist that explore obesity and type 2 diabetes diseases among Central African immigrants. The conceptual framework for this qualitative case study was social constructivism and the health belief model. The primary research question addressed the potential underlying causes for an increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes among Central African Immigrants. The secondary research questions explored how culture, illiteracy, and religion contribute to the problem of …

Family Predictive Factors Of Rural Malaria Prevalence In Nsukka, Eastern Nigeria, Gabriel Ugwuja Ugwu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Children in early childhood are still suffering from burdens of malaria-related morbidity and mortality. There have been insufficient studies on how family-level factors may predict the prevalence of malaria (PoM), and negatively impact the control of malaria in rural areas, especially among children. In this study, potential family factors were explored to address the challenges associated with the increase in PoM among the children in rural areas of Nsukka. Socioecological framework guided this study at the interpersonal level. The quantitative cross-sectional study used secondary data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 2015 in Nsukka rural communities. Data were analyzed …

Globalization Of Clinical Research And Assessment Of Global Access To Treatments Approved Between 2006-2015, Rafael Duncan Escandon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Globalization in clinical research and development has increased since the 1990s. Products approved in the United States (U.S.) and European Union (EU) include increasing numbers of research participants from low- and middle-income countries. The purposes of this quantitative correlational study were to investigate the lag time, or drug lag, between U.S. approval and the approval of selected drugs in all countries that hosted their pivotal clinical trials. The study population was limited to products approved first in the U.S. between 2006 and 2015. The health capability model and research for health justice framework were the theoretical frameworks for the study. …

New Symbols For The Environmental Movement, Amelia Lefevre

Intertext

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of The Reationship Between Child Iq And Diet Quality, Carly Sheffer

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Study On The Effects Of Akkermensia Muciniphilia On Akt Phosphorylation In Diabetic Pig Models, Brian Ko

Honors Theses

The onset of type 2 diabetes has been shown to affect the Akt signaling pathway, responsible for modulating cellular metabolism. The pro biotic Akkermensia muciniphilia has been recently shown to have an anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic effect on animals inoculated with it, particularly within the Akt signaling pathway. This preliminary study utilized a twofactor experimental design with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the presence of Akkermensia muciniphila in pig models in order to elucidate the probiotic's mechanism of action on the disease. Following analysis of insulin-sensitive tissues of muscle, pancreas, and liver, there was observed a mixed response to the presence of the probiotic …

Hemp On The Horizon: The 2018 Farm Bill And The Future Of Cbd*, Shannon Smith

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Chasing Nutrients And Algal Blooms In Gulf And Caribbean Waters: A Personal Story, Brian E. Lapointe

Gulf and Caribbean Research

Over the past 5 decades, coastal waters have experienced unprecedented global change, including widespread eutrophication, harmful algal blooms (HAB), dead zones, and loss of biodiversity. During this period, I have studied the effects of nutrients (N, P) on HAB dynamics in tropical seagrass and coral reef ecosystems. Important findings that emerged from my research include: 1) a primary role of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) relative to phosphorus (P) as a driving factor in algal blooms and coastal eutrophication; 2) altered N:P stoichiometry that results in greater P—limitation and metabolic stress in reef corals; 3) recognition that macroalgal blooms be considered as …

The Effect Of Neighborhood Crime Rates On Childhood Obesity In Los Angeles County, Lachlan Montgomery

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis examines the effect of neighborhood crime rates on childhood obesity in Los Angeles County over a five-year period 2012-2016. Using yearly pooled cross-sectional geocoded data from the University of Southern California (USC) Price Center for Social Innovation Neighborhood Data for Social Change (NDSC) interactive platform, I run multiple ordinary least squares regressions using different measures of crime to determine if neighborhoods with higher crime rates influence the unhealthy percentage of 5^th, 7^th, and 9^thgrade public school students. I hypothesize that crime influences obesity, violent crime has a stronger correlation than property crime, …

Asserting Indigenous Identity To Substantiate Customary Forest Claims: A Case Study Of The Dayaks Of West Kalimantan, Indonesia, Charlotte Reinnoldt

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis examines Dayak identity constructions and how they have been and are currently being used to assert customary land rights in forested areas of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Indonesian state has required that customary land claims include proof that communities have maintained their indigenous institutions. Drawing from government and NGO reports, academic research, and Indonesian law, a few questions thus are explored: What aspects of identity must be maintained in order to be sufficient to claim customary land rights under Indonesian law? How has recent Dayak mobilization fed into a resurgence in Dayak identity and pride, and vice versa? …

Impacts Of The Changing Ocean-Sea Ice System On The Key Forage Fish Arctic Cod (Boreogadus Saida) And Subsistence Fisheries In The Western Canadian Arctic—Evaluating Linked Climate, Ecosystem And Economic (Cee) Models, Nadja S. Steiner, William W. L. Cheung, Andres M. Cisneros-Montemayor, Helen Drost, Hakase Hayashida, Carie Hoover, Jen Lam, Tessa Sou, U. Rashid Sumaila, Paul Suprenand, Travis C. Tai, David Vanderzwaag

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This study synthesizes results from observations, laboratory experiments and models to showcase how the integration of scientific methods and indigenous knowledge can improve our understanding of (a) past and projected changes in environmental conditions and marine species; (b) their effects on social and ecological systems in the respective communities; and (c) support management and planning tools for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The study links climate-ecosystem-economic (CEE) models and discusses uncertainties within those tools. The example focuses on the key forage species in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (Western Canadian Arctic), i.e., Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida). Arctic cod can be …

Refusing Care As A Legal Pathway To Medical Assistance In Dying, Jocelyn Downie, Matthew J. Bowes

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

Can a competent individual refuse care in order to make their natural death reasonably foreseeable in order to qualify for medical assistance in dying (MAiD)? Consider a competent patient with left-side paralysis following a right-brain stroke who is not expected to die for many years; normally his cause of death would not be predictable. However, he refuses regular turning, so his physician can predict that pressure ulcers will develop, leading to infection for which he will refuse treatment and consequently die. Is he now eligible for MAiD? Consider a competent patient with spinal stenosis (a non-fatal condition) who refuses food …

The Intersection Of Indigenous Public Health With Law And Policy In Canada, Constance Macintosh

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This chapter presents an overview of the law, policy and governance practices that are most directly implicated in the population health of Indigenous people who reside in Canada. The first section provides a general description of the socio-legal categories that are drawn upon in health policy, programming and legislation regarding Indigenous peoples. It briefly describes roles in funding and delivering community health services and programming, as well as disputes about responsibilities and some shortcomings.

The second section provides an overview of the population health status of Indigenous peoples. Epidemiological data is presented, and select social determinants of health are also …

Effect Of Strength On Velocity And Power During Back Squat Exercise In Resistance-Trained Men And Women, Andrew T. Askow, Justin J. Merrigan, Jonathan M. Neddo, Jonathan M. Oliver, Jason D. Stone, Andrew R. Jagim, Margaret T. Jones

Faculty Scholarship

The purpose was to examine load-velocity and load-power relationships of back squat in resistance-trained men (n = 20, 21.3 ± 1.4 years, 183.0 ± 8.0 cm, 82.6 ± 8.0 kg, 11.5 ± 5.0% total body fat) and women (n = 18; 20.0 ± 1.0 years; 166.5 ± 6.9 cm; 63.9 ± 7.9 kg, 20.3 ± 5.0% body fat). Body composition testing was performed followed by determination of back squat 1 repetition maximum (1RM). After at least 72 hours of recovery, subjects returned to the laboratory and completed 2 repetitions at each of 7 separate loads (30, 40, 50, …

Proprietary Milk Protein Concentrate Reduces Joint Discomfort While Improving Exercise Performance In Non-Osteoarthritic Individuals, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Chad M. Kerksick, A. William Kedia, Jennifer Sandrock, Betsy Raub, Hector L. Lopez

Faculty Scholarship

Milk and dairy products are known to contain various bioactives with potential anti-inflammatory and immune modulating effects. Previous research has indicated that milk produced from hyperimmunized cows provided meaningful health benefits to individuals suffering from varying degrees of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of a proprietary milk protein concentrate on joint discomfort and physical function, exercise performance, quality of life and various measures of affect. METHODS: Non-osteoarthritic men (42.5 ± 8.9 years, 176.7 ± 6.7 cm, 89.9 ± 11.5 kg, 28.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2, n = 30) and women (46.4 ± 9.6 years, 163.1 ± 8.2 …

Common Ingredient Profiles Of Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements, Andrew R. Jagim, Patrick S. Harty, Clayton L, Camic

Faculty Scholarship

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements are a popular class of dietary supplements which are purported to improve exercise performance. However, the composition of these products varies substantially between formulations, thus making comparisons challenging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify a common ingredient profile of top-selling pre-workout supplements and to compare ingredient dosages to established efficacious values. The top 100 commercially available pre-workout products were analyzed for listed ingredients and amounts, if available, from the supplement facts panel. The mean ± SD number of ingredients per supplement (n = 100) was 18.4 ± 9.7 with 8.1 ± 9.9 of these …

Nebraska’S Natural Resource District System: Collaborative Approaches To Adaptive Groundwater Quality Governance, Gregory N. Sixt, Laurens Klerkx, J. David Aiken, Timothy S. Griffin

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Nonpoint source pollution of groundwater by nitrates from agricultural activity is a persistent problem for which developing effective policy approaches has proven difficult. There is little empirical information on forms of governance or regime attributes that effectively and sustainably address agricultural nonpoint source pollution of groundwater. Nebraska’s Natural Resource District (NRD) system is a rare example of a groundwater governance regime that is putting programmes in place that are likely to generate sustainable groundwater quality outcomes. We focus on three groundwater nitrate management programmes in the state that collectively represent the broader NRD system. The research shows that four elements …

Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation (Ibs-C) Treatment Efficacy And The Emerging Importance Of Serotonin, Meghan Schenk

Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects

Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) affects a large proportion of the population. It decreases quality of life for the patient both physically and mentally. Patients report higher levels of mental health issues and other gastrointestinal maladies compared to the normal population, in addition to an IBS diagnosis. Patients have increased healthcare visits and costs, raising insurance rates for all, and also results in more missed time from work. There are limited treatments available for IBS-C, and medicinal and non-medicinal modalities are differentially prescribed to patients throughout the country. Recently, serotonin has emerged as a key mediator of normal gut …

A Review: The Association Of Asthma And The Microbiome, Kathleen Olson

Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects

The microbiome gut-lung axis has been associated with asthma. Asthma is a respiratory disease that presents itself in many different ways. The microbiome is the bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses found in a particular environment. The association of the microbiome gutlung axis in an asthmatic individual compared to a healthy individual has shown that different types and/or concentrations of bacterial genera are present in an asthmatic individual compared to a healthy individual. A causal relationship between the microbiome and asthma has not yet been identified. The aim of this review is to present the association of asthma and the microbiome …

Pathogenesis Of Cte: A Review Of Ptau, Lewy Bodies, And Cytokine Involvement In Cte, Karter Keefer

Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neuropathological disease that develops years after experiencing repetitive traumatic brain injuries. In recent years, this disease has been gaining recognition from professional, college, and high school teams that participate in contact sports. The purpose of this paper is to review available information about this neurodegenerative disease. Only limited published experiments are available on this disease. Research on CTE has been limited by the fact that patients can only be diagnosed with the disease by a post mortem autopsy. Many experiments were analyzed regarding different CTE pathologies, symptoms, and treatments. Articles used in this paper …

Cost-Effectiveness Of A Weight Loss Intervention: An Adaptation Of The Look Ahead Lifestyle Intervention In The Us Military, Karina Manz

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective: To assess whether a counselor-initiated adaptation (CI) of the Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) in a military setting was cost-effective relative to a self- paced adaptation (SP).

Methods: We performed cost-effectiveness analysis from a payer perspective alongside a 2014- 2017 randomized behavioral weight loss trial among 248 active-duty military personnel stationed at a US Air Force Base in Texas. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for weight loss, reductions in waist circumference, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

Results: After 12 months, the CI adaptation cost more per participant compared to the SP adaptation ($1,081 vs. $120), but achieved …

A Review Of Equine Laminitis: Risk Factors And Predispositions, Molly C. Henion

Honors Theses and Capstones

Equine laminitis is a disease of the hoof characterized by inflammation or disruption of the sensitive and insensitive laminae located within the hoof. These structures are responsible for maintaining a secure connection between the third phalanx (P3) and the hoof wall. Damage to these laminae can weaken the attachment between the hoof wall and P3, causing separation and eventual rotation of P3. Equine laminitis can result from multiple triggers, but the most commonly seen cases of the disease are those which are related to endocrinopathy and metabolic related issues. This review will focus on determining the metabolic risk factors associated …

Car T-Cell Therapy For Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Esther Langner

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Despite all the available therapies, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) remains extremely difficult to eradicate. Current available therapies, which include chemotherapy, radiation, and stem cell transplants, tend to be more successful in treating children than adults. While adults are more likely than children to relapse after treatment, the most common cause of treatment failure in children is also relapse. Improved outcomes for all ALL patients may depend upon new immunotherapies, specifically CAR T-cell therapy. CAR T-cell therapy extracts a patient’s own T-cells and modifies them with a CD19 antigen. This modification allows the new T-cells to recognize and kill cancer cells …

Should Subclinical Hypothyroidism Be Treated?, Rachel Kaufman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Subclinical Hypothyroidism, SCH, has been detected with increasing frequency in recent years and has brought about major controversies regarding management and treatment [Meier et al., 2001]. The condition is characterized as having a high concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone, yet normal thyroid hormone levels and is often asymptomatic. Scientific articles retrieved from various databases helped determine some of the long term risk factors associated with SCH, including progression to overt hypothyroidism, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, neuropsychiatric complications and reproductive malfunctions. Studies determining the clinical and metabolic effects of L-thyroxine hormone replacement therapy on symptoms and potential risks of SCH …

Energy Drinks: Cardiovascular Effects And The Specific Components Responsible, Malka B. Gelbfish

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Energy drink usage as a stimulant is on the rise among adolescents and young adults. While these drinks have positive energizing effects, they pose significant health concerns. This paper examines the adverse cardiovascular effects of energy drinks and the components that could possibly be responsible. Analysis was conducted by reviewing and comparing many studies available in this area of research. Studies of energy drinks in general and energy drinks versus drinks containing caffeine alone were analyzed. Additionally, this review investigated studies of the specific ingredients in energy drinks such as caffeine, taurine, guarana, and sugar. This review found that energy …

The Role Of Diet In Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Aviva Smilow

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Inflammatory Bowel Disease encompasses two diseases, Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. During the last 70 years the evolving of diet in the industrialized countries has led to the utilization of foods that have been processed rather than those in their more natural original state. This increase in the processing of foods has been correlated with the more recent occurrence of metabolic diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Patients suffering from this problem exhibit lesser amounts of anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Roseburia and Faecalibacterium and increased amounts of pro-inflammatory bacteria Escheria and Fusobacterium. Since diet directly alters the composition of the …

Factors Associated With Utilization Of Maternal Health Services In Myanmar, Myint Kyaw Swar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

One of the significant causes of maternal deaths during pregnancy is low utilization of maternal health services, particularly in limited-resource settings. Proper utilization of these services can help reduce the rate of maternal mortality. Utilization of maternal health services is currently being promoted in Myanmar, however, the factors which influence on the use of these services have not been explored broadly. This present study aimed to explore the levels and patterns of utilization of maternal health services among Myanmar mothers, as well as the factors which could influence their utilization including general characteristics, mass media exposure, and woman decision making …

การสังเคราะห์แคลเซียมออร์โทฟอสเฟตจากเกล็ดปลากะพงขาว, ชยพัทธ์ ธรรมนิพิท

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ปลากะพงขาวเป็นปลาเศรษฐกิจที่สำคัญของประเทศไทย เกล็ดปลากระพงถือเป็นของเสียจากอุตสาหกรรมแปรรูปอาหาร ซึ่งมีประมาณร้อยละ 4 ของน้ำหนัก เกล็ดจากปลากะพงขาวน้ำจืดที่ผลิตในประเทศไทยมีองค์ประกอบโดยน้ำหนักแห้งเป็นสารอนินทรีย์ร้อยละ 53.61 และสารอินทรีย์ร้อยละ 46.39 สภาวะที่เหมาะสมในการสกัดเกลือแร่โดยรักษาความคงตัวของโปรตีนคอลลาเจนที่อยู่ในเกล็ดปลา ระดับห้องปฏิบัติการ เริ่มจากการเตรียมเกล็ดปลาด้วยการล้างด้วยโซเดียมคลอไรด์ร้อยละ 10 ตามด้วยโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์ 0.1 โมลาร์ เพื่อกำจัดโปรตีนที่ไม่ใช่คอลลาเจนและไขมันออกโดยใช้ปฏิกิริยาไฮโดรไลซิส เกล็ดปลาถูกตัดให้มีขนาด 0.0625 ตารางเซนติเมตรและทุบให้แตกเพื่อเพิ่มพื้นที่ผิว จากนั้นจึงสกัดเกลือแร่โดยใช้กรดไฮโดรคลอริกความเข้มข้น 1 โมลาร์ เป็นเวลาอย่างน้อย 6 ชั่วโมง แล้วสะเทินกลับเกลือแร่ด้วยการปรับพีเอชของสารละลายเป็น 7 ด้วยโซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์ และล้างโซเดียมคลอไรด์ที่เกิดจากการสะเทินด้วยน้ำปราศจากไอออนจำนวนมาก ผลจากวิธีการสกัดนี้ได้เกลือแร่ร้อยละ 52.97 โดยน้ำหนักแห้ง เกลือแร่นี้ถูกนำไปให้ความร้อนที่อุณหภูมิ 1100 องศาเซลเซียส ทำให้เกิดแคลเซียมออร์โทฟอสเฟตวัฏภาคผสมระหว่างไฮดรอกซีอะพาไทต์และเบต้า-ไตรแคลเซียมฟอสเฟต ซึ่งพบปริมาณเบต้า-ไตรแคลเซียมฟอสเฟตสูงสุดร้อยละ 79.85 เมื่อเปลี่ยนพีเอชของสารละลายในกระบวนนการสะเทินกลับเกลือแร่ให้มีความเป็นด่างมากขึ้น จะทำให้เกิดวัฏภาคเบต้า-ไตรแคลเซี่ยมฟอสเฟตน้อยลง แคลเซียมออร์โทฟอสเฟตที่ผลิตได้ไม่แสดงความเป็นพิษต่อเซลล์ผิวหนังหนู (L929) เมื่อทดสอบตามมาตรฐาน ISO10993-5 แบบทางอ้อม

Tyrosinase Inhibitors From Some Plants, Ponglada Sadangrit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in melanogenesis leading to skin darkening. Many skin whitening products contain tyrosinase inhibitors or extracts that inhibit tyrosinase activity. Moreover, natural extracts are one of the most popular alternatives. They are safe and have less side effects. To determine the effects of plant compounds on melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity was evaluated in in vitro and cellular screening. Melanin level was measured in B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, the gene expression level of melanogenesis-related genes was explored by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Fifteen plant compounds were tested by in vitro mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay to …

Biocompatible Materials Loaded With Plant Extract For Ph Sensing, Kasitnun Chayavanich

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The pH-sensitive films and resin were developed based on natural pH-sensitive coloring agents and biocompatible polymers. Anthocyanins and a curcumin derivative were selected as the natural pH-sensitive coloring agents. At first, anthocyanins were extracted from red radish and their contents were determined by using the pH-differential method. Difluoro boron curcumin was synthesized to improve its photophysical and stability properties. Next, both coloring agents were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, and NMR techniques as well as their color response in solution was studied in different pHs with UV-Vis profiles. The results showed that the red radish anthocyanin solution could change the colors …