Digital Commons Network^™

The Effect Of Premedication With Intravenous Lornoxicam On Propofol Injection Pain At Induction Of General Anaesthesia In Adults: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial, Dennis Omari Onyancha

Master of Medicine in Anaesthesiology

Background: Propofol is widely used for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia and offers many key attractive pharmacological qualities that make it suitable for these indications. However, pain on injection is one of its major drawbacks and can be very distressing to patients. There is a paucity of studies that have looked at the effect of lornoxicam on propofol injection pain either as a sole intervention or in combination with any other method. Primary objective: To determine whether premedication with intravenous lornoxicam had any effect on the intensity of propofol injection pain at induction of general anaesthesia in adult …

Current Concepts In Hemodialysis Vascular Access Infections, Lalathaksha Kumbar, Jerry Yee

Nephrology Articles

Infection-related causes are second only to cardiovascular events for mortality among end-stage renal disease patients. This review will provide an overview of hemodialysis catheter-, graft-, and fistula-related infections with emphasis on diagnosis and management in specific settings. Use of catheters at the initiation of dialysis has remained unchanged at 80%. Of all access-related bloodstream infections (BSIs), 70% occur in patients with catheters. The risk factors for BSIs in tunneled, cuffed catheters include the duration of the catheter, past catheter-related bacteremia, left-sided internal jugular vein catheters, hypoalbuminemia, and immunosuppression. Surprisingly, human immunodeficiency virus infection has not been associated with a higher …

Forms Of Supplemental Selenium In Vitamin-Mineral Mixes Differentially Affect Serological And Hepatic Parameters Of Growing Beef Steers Grazing Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue, Yang Jia

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue results in a syndrome of negatively altered physiological systems, collectively known as fescue toxicosis. Another challenge to endophyte-infected tall fescue -based beef cattle operations is that the soils often are selenium (Se) poor, necessitating the need to provide supplemental Se. To test the general hypothesis that different forms of supplemental Se would ameliorate the negative effects of fescue toxicosis, predominately-Angus steers (BW = 183 ± 34 kg) were randomly selected from herds of fall-calving cows grazing an endophyte-infected tall fescue pasture and consuming vitamin-mineral mixes that contained 35 ppm Se as sodium selenite (ISe), SELPLEX …

State Population Influences Athletic Performance Combine Test Scores In High School-Aged American Football Players, Zachary M. Gillen, Marni E. Shoemaker, Brianna D. Mckay, Joel T. Cramer

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

This study compared athletic performance differences among high school American football combine participants originating from states of different population sizes. High school-aged American football players (n=7,214) who had participated in athletic performance combines between March 2015 and January 2016 were included in this analysis. Data included combine date and location, school state of origin, football position, class, height, weight, 10-, 20-, and 40-yd dash times, pro-agility, L-cone drill, vertical jump, broad jump, and power push-up. Participants were separated into high- (state population>10,000,000; HIGH; n=2,804), mid- (state population=5,000,000-9,999,999; MID; n=2,911), or low-population (state population<5,000,000; LOW; n=1,499) state of origin. Data were allometrically scaled to account for differences in body mass across high school grade levels and American football positions. All statistical analyses were performed on the allometrically scaled data. LOW athletes performed better than HIGH athletes in the 20-yd dash (p≤0.01). LOW athletes performed better than HIGH and MID in the 40-yd dash, proagility, broad jump, and power push-up (p<0.01). LOW and HIGH athletes performed better than MID in the Lcone and vertical jump (p<0.01). When considering population size, athletes originating from LOW states may demonstrate higher levels of athletic performance in football combine events hypothetically due to more opportunities for sports participation and playing time, leading to greater athletic development. Youth and high school coaches in MID and HIGH states might consider providing more opportunities for playing and individualized coaching to encourage long-term athletic development.

Development And Validation Of The Vending Evaluation For Nutrient-Density (Vend)Ing Audit, Tanya M. Horacek, Elif Dede Yildirim, Melissa Matthews Schreiber, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Sarah E. Colby, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Melissa D. Olfert, Anne E. Matthews, Kristin Riggsbee, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Kendra Kattelmann

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: This paper describes the development and validation of the Vending Evaluation for Nutrient-Density (VEND)ing audit to comprehensively evaluate vended products based upon healthfulness, price and promotion, and machine accessibility. Methods: A novel vending nutrient-density score was created to determine the healthfulness of vended snack/beverage products. Field tested in United States colleges, VENDing audit (Σnutrient-density + 10 x % healthy products) and Support sub-scores (price + promotion + accessibility) were calculated for snack/beverage machines. Higher scores indicate more healthful vending options and supports for choosing healthfully. Nutrition Environment Measures Survey-Vending (NEMS-V) was used to validate the nutrient-density score for a …

Development And Validation Of The Policies, Opportunities, Initiatives And Notable Topics (Points) Audit For Campuses And Worksites, Tanya M. Horacek, Marlei Simon, Elif Dede Yildirim, Adrienne A. White, Karla P. Shelnutt, Kristin Riggsbee, Melissa D. Olfert, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Anne E. Matthews, Wenjun Zhou, Tandalayo Kidd, Kendra Kattelmann, Geoffrey Greene, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Sarah E. Colby, Carol Byrd-Bredbenner, Onikia Brown

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Workplace or campus wellness/obesity-prevention policies and initiatives can improve health. Research tools to assess worksite or campus policies/initiatives are scarce. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop and validate the policies, opportunities, initiatives, and notable topics (POINTS) audit. Methods: POINTS was developed and refined via expert review, pilot-testing, and field testing. Trained researchers completed a web-based review from a student-focus or employee-focus regarding 34 health-promoting topics for colleges. Each topic was evaluated on a 0–2 scale: 0 = no policy/initiative, 1 = initiatives, 2 = written policy. When a written policy was detected, additional policy support questions …

The Validity Of The Emg And Mmg Techniques To Examine Muscle Hypertrophy, Ethan C. Hill, Terry J. Housh, Josh L. Keller, Cory M. Smith, Richard Schmidt, Glen O. Johnson

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the ability of the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude versus torque relationships to track group and individual changes in muscle hypertrophy as a result of resistance training.

Approach: Twelve women performed four weeks of forearm flexion blood flow restriction (BFR) resistance training at a frequency of three times per week. The training was performed at an isokinetic velocity of 120°∙s⁻¹ with a training load that corresponded to 30% of concentric peak torque. Muscle hypertrophy was determined using ultrasound-based assessments of muscle cross-sectional area from the biceps …

Urolithin A, A Gut Metabolite, Improves Insulin Sensitivity Through Augmentation Of Mitochondrial Function And Biogenesis, Ashley Mulcahy Toney, Rong Fan, Yibo Xian, Virginia Chaidez, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Soonkyu Chung

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Objective: Urolithin A (UroA) is a major metabolite of ellagic acid produced following microbial catabolism in the gut. Emerging evidence has suggested that UroA modulates energy metabolism in various cells. However, UroA’s physiological functions related to obesity and insulin resistance remain unclear. Methods: Male mice were intraperitoneally administrated either UroA or dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) along with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated via glucose and insulin tolerance tests and acute insulin signaling. The effects of UroA on hepatic triglyceride accumulation, adipocyte size, mitochondrial DNA content, and proinflammatory gene expressions were determined. The impact of UroA on …

Milk-Derived Exosomes And Metabolic Regulation, Janos Zempleni, Sonal Sukreet, Fang Zhou, Di Wu, Ezra Mutai

Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Exosomes are natural nanoparticles that play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Communication is achieved through the transfer of cargos, such as microRNAs, from donor to recipient cells and binding of exosomes to cell surface receptors. Exosomes and their cargos are also obtained from dietary sources, such as milk. Exosome and cell glycoproteins are crucial for intestinal uptake. A large fraction of milk exosomes accumulates in the brain, whereas the tissue distribution of microRNA cargos varies among distinct species of microRNA. The fraction of milk exosomes that escapes absorption elicits changes in microbial communities in the gut. Dietary depletion of …

Effects Of Prepartum Nutrition On May-Calving Cows And Progeny, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacki A. Musgrave, T. L. Meyer Meyer, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

May-calving dams grazed either sub-irrigated meadow or upland range from Jan. 5 to May 1 each year for 6 years. Within grazing system, dams received either no supplement or 1 lb/d of a 33% CP supplement from Jan. 5 to April 1. Dams grazing meadow in the prepartum period weighed more and had a greater body condition score prior to calving. They also tended to have greater pregnancy rates in the subsequent breeding season and tended to wean heavier calves than dams grazing upland range. Allowing May-calving dams to graze meadow in late gestation may increase herd profitability through increased …

Neural Mechanisms That Control An Innate Foraging Behavior In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Alejandro Lopez-Cruz

Student Theses and Dissertations

The ability to efficiently locate food is critical for survival. Thus, animals modify their foraging patterns based on recent experience and current conditions to increase their likelihood of finding food. One highly conserved foraging strategy is local search, an intensive exploration over several minutes of the region where food resources were last encountered. As time since the last food encounter passes, animals transition to global search strategies to explore distant areas. The local-to-global search foraging pattern has been observed in fish, reptiles, insects, birds, and mammals, yet few studies ask how an animal's brain generates this ancient behavior. Here, I …

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Stress-Induced Glia Remodeling In The Nematode C. Elegans, In Hae Lee

Student Theses and Dissertations

Animals can adapt to long-term environmental changes by modifying their behavior, which can be accompanied by structural alterations of the nervous system. Such alterations are common in sensory organs, composed of sensory neurons and glia, which initially detect environmental stress. The molecular mechanisms driving cell shape remodeling following environmental stress and the effects of such remodeling on animal survival are not well understood. C. elegans is an excellent model in which to study neuronal and glial cell remodeling. Under normal growth conditions, the sensory receptive endings of the bilateral AWC sensory neurons, which respond to volatile odorants, are individually ensheathed …

Multimodal Strategies Of Host-Seeking Mosquitoes, Molly Zhen Liu

Student Theses and Dissertations

Mosquitoes use multiple sensory modalities, including olfaction, thermosensation, and vision, to hunt human hosts and obtain a blood-meal for egg production. Any individual sensory cue is an incomplete signal of a human host, and so a mosquito must integrate multimodal sensory information before committing to approaching and biting a person. Mosquito host-seeking behavior is thus a particularly fruitful model for studying multimodal integration because of its robustness, intricacy, and public health importance. Using tethered and free flight assays, we have teased apart responses to attractive visual and thermal cues in female Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, uncovering their contributions …

Gpcr Activation Of The G Protein-Gated Inward-Rectifier Potassium Channel, Kouki Touhara

Student Theses and Dissertations

Heart rate is tightly regulated by the combined effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. These two branches control heart rate by stimulating different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which in turn activate ion channels that modify the electrical properties of cardiac pacemaker cells. Sympathetic stimulation accelerates heart rate through activation of beta-adrenergic receptors (βARs), which open excitatory ion channels through the stimulatory G protein (Gαs) pathway. Parasympathetic stimulation slows heart rate through activation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (M2Rs), which inhibits the effect of sympathetic stimulation through the inhibitory G protein (Gαi) pathway. M2Rs …

Equally Strange Fruit: Catholic Health Care And The Appropriation Of Residential Segregation, Cory D. Mitchell, M. Therese Lysaught

Institute of Pastoral Studies: Faculty Publications and Other Works

FROM THE EARLIEST BEGINNINGS OF CHRISTIAN history and from the moment the Ursuline Sisters opened the first Catholic hospital in the United States in 1728, charity toward the poor and marginalized has been the chief identifying characteristic of Catholic health care.3 Again and again, small groups of in-trepid nuns sought out the poorest communities, set up hospitals, in-novated on reimbursement methods, raised donations, lived in solidarity with and dedicated their lives to caring for the health needs of the poor, needs often exacerbated by extraordinarily difficult living conditions.4

Role Of Bdnf In The Ability Of Exercise To Attenuate Dependence-Related Escalated Alcohol Drinking In C57bl/6j Mice, Matthew Gustav Solomon

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) continues to be a burden to society. Currently, few efficacious treatments exist. In addition to behavioral therapy and support groups (e.g. Alcoholics Anonymous), there are only three FDA approved pharmacotherapies. The lack of treatment options for alcohol addiction denotes the need to discover and develop new strategies and pharmacological targets to improve abstinence, prevent relapse, and inhibit the development of alcohol addiction. Chronic alcohol exposure reduces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Reductions of BDNF in the mPFC drive alcohol-dependent drinking in mice and conversely, elevating BDNF in this region blocks alcohol …

Evolution Of The Zhx Transcription Factor Family And Analysis Of Zhx2 Target Genes Cyp2a4 And Cyp2a5 In Mouse Liver, Alexandra Nichole Nail

Theses and Dissertations--Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics

The liver is the largest internal organ and performs a wide variety of functions to maintain organismal homeostasis. While some liver functions are carried out by all hepatocytes, other functions are restricted to certain populations of hepatocytes within the liver. This phenomenon, called zonal gene regulation or liver zonation, controls may metabolic processes within the liver including ammonia detoxification; glucose homeostasis; bile acid and glutamine synthesis; and metabolism of xenobiotics, lipids, and amino acids. The liver also expresses many genes in a developmental or sex-biased manner. Some genes are expressed at higher levels early or late in development, or alternatively, …

Use And Cost Analysis Of Comprehensive Respiratory Panels At A Children’S Hospital Within A Tertiary Medical Center, Megan Cummins

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction

A comprehensive respiratory panel (CRP) is a quick and non-invasive laboratory diagnostic test that can detect viral nucleic acids by utilizing polymerase chain reactions (PCR). A CRP can detect multiple causative agents associated with upper respiratory illness and CRPs are commonly used in the Kentucky Children’s Hospital as part of the initial evaluation for patients who present with signs and symptoms of a respiratory infection. While CRPs are quick to detect the presence of a viral illness and are shown to increase the prescribing of antivirals for viral illnesses, the cost of the CRP to the hospital is around …

Water Pollution In Old Towns Affecting The Environment And Ecological Restoration, Zou Hang, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Yung Tse Hung

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

© 2019 Technoscience Publications. All rights reserved. In order to solve the problem that the traditional activated sludge method is not effective in recovering the ecological process of water pollution in urban areas, the membrane bioreactor-based sewage treatment process was studied experimentally. Two flat-plate ultrafiltration membranes were used to form the ultrafilter tank in the experimental device sampled, and the processes of nitrate cycle and sludge cycle were adopted. Ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration were adopted to treat the micropollutants. After repeated experiments in 17 experimental cycles, the obtained experimental data were analysed, and it was found that under …

Metabolic Cost Calculations Of Gait Using Musculoskeletal Energy Models, A Comparison Study, Anne D. Koelewijn, Dieter Heinrich, Antonie J. Van Den Bogert

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper compares predictions of metabolic energy expenditure in gait using seven metabolic energy expenditure models to assess their correlation with experimental data. Ground reaction forces, marker data, and pulmonary gas exchange data were recorded for six walking trials at combinations of two speeds, 0.8 m/s and 1.3 m/s, and three inclines, -8% (downhill), level, and 8% (uphill). The metabolic cost, calculated with the metabolic energy models was compared to the metabolic cost from the pulmonary gas exchange rates. A repeated measures correlation showed that all models correlated well with experimental data, with correlations of at least 0.9. The model …

Randomize It: Fair Procedures When Constructing Multiple-Choice Test-Keys, Dane C. Joseph

Faculty Publications - College of Education

Multiple-choice testing is a staple within the U.S. higher education system. From classroom assessments to standardized entrance exams such as the GRE, GMAT, or LSAT, test developers utilize a variety of validated and heuristicdriven item-writing guidelines. One such guideline that has been given recent attention is to randomize the position of the correct answer throughout the entire answer key. Doing this theoretically limits the number of correct guesses that testtakers can make and thus reduces the amount of construct-irrelevant variance in test score interpretations. This study empirically tested the strategy to randomize the answer-key. Specifically, a factorial ANOVA was conducted …

The Unconstitutional Tampon Tax, Bridget J. Crawford, Emily Gold Waldman

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Thirty-five states impose a sales tax on menstrual hygiene products, while products like spermicidal condoms and erectile dysfunction medications are tax-free. This sales tax--commonly called the “tampon tax”--represents an expense that girls and women must bear on top of the cost of biologically necessary items that they need in order to attend school, work, and otherwise participate in public life. This article explores the constitutionality of the tampon tax and argues that it is an impermissible form of gender discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause. First, menstrual hygiene products are a unique proxy for female sex, and therefore any disadvantageous …

3rd Quarter, 2019

Metro Denver Dental Society Articulator Magazine

The MDDS Articulator magazine has been serving as the voice for Denver's dental community for over 100 years.

Distributed to approximately 2,000 dental professionals quarterly, the Articulator features local news, industry trends, practice management guidance, data-driven research and more. The award-winning publication is available to member dentists in both print and digital forms.

Issues include cover and feature articles alongside regular columns with regional news impacting the Metro Denver membership including editorial and perspectives columns, legal, association activities, component news, continuing education opportunities, and classifieds.

Publicly Charged: A Critical Examination Of Immigration Public Benefit Restrictions, Cori Alonso-Yoder

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

Since the early days of the Trump Administration, reports of the President’s controversial and dramatic immigration policies have dominated the news. Yet, despite the intensity of this coverage, an immigration policy with far broader implications for millions of immigrants and their U.S.citizen family members has dodged the same media glare. By expanding the definition of who constitutes a “public charge” under immigration law, the Administration has begun a process to restrict legal immigration and chill the use of welfare benefits around the country. The doctrine of public charge exclusion developed from colonial times and has reemerged in Trump Administration policies …

Assessing The Impact Of Digital Health Technologies On Maternal Health Care In Sub-Saharan Africa, Samerawit Tadele

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Maternal morbidity and mortality are prevalent issues worldwide that profoundly affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Africa. Estimates vary, but by the end of 2015, at least 300,000 women died in LMICs due to preventable pregnancy and childbirth conditions. Pregnant women die from complications that could be detected and managed if they were able to receive early access to necessary health interventions. Mobile technology is increasingly common across the globe, including LMICs, and incorporating digital health technologies, especially mobile phone (mHealth) programs, can offer a possible solution to morbidity and mortality related to pregnancy. A literature review analyzing the …

Criar Y Dejarse Criar: Trans-Situ Crop Conservation And Indigenous Landscape Management Through A Network Of Global Food Neighborhoods, Cass Madden

Capstone Collection

As climate change progresses, global food security is likely to become increasingly threatened and crop biodiversity will be a significant source of resiliency and adaptability. However, these adaptations will only be fully realized through cooperative in situ and ex situ conservation and cultivation of domesticated crops, crop wild relatives, and wild foods. This conservation is best realized in places where communities have the cultural resources to invest meaningfully in the cultivation of native crops, and where the cultivation of those crops can reinforce place-specific livelihoods and identities. To this end, the principal objective of this research is to propose a …

Teachers’ Perception Of A Cooking Intervention To Increase Social Skills In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Behavioral Disabilities, Jennifer Malik

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This study explored teachers and school staff’s perceptions of the impact of participation in a food-based social skills intervention for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and behavioral challenges. 1st-5th grade students who received special education and related services and were placed in self-contained programs in a suburban school district in New Jersey were eligible to participate in the intervention. The intervention consisted of a food-based social skills intervention in which students prepared food ordered by staff members. The students’ job duties included taking orders over the phone and in person, preparing requested food items, taking payments and counting change, and …

Review Of Soil Salinity Assessment For Agriculture Across Multiple Scales Using Proximal And/Or Remote Sensors, Dennis Corwin, E. Scudiero

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Mapping and monitoring soil spatial variability is particularly problematic for temporally and spatially dynamic properties such as soil salinity. The tools necessary to address this classic problem only reached maturity within the past 2 decades to enable field- to regional-scale salinity assessment of the root zone, including GPS, GIS, geophysical techniques involving proximal and remote sensors, and a greater understanding of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and multi- and hyperspectral imagery. The concurrent development and application of these tools have made it possible to map soil salinity across multiple scales, which back in the 1980s was prohibitively expensive and impractical …

"Evaluation Of Medication Adherence Through The Use Of Home Assisted Telemanagement", Kingsley Ezihe Ngameduru

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Medication nonadherence can have serious consequences for patient outcomes. Home-automated telemanagement systems have supported increased levels of adherence among patients. This project explored whether the use of a home telemanagement program (HTM) would improve medication adherence in clinic patients diagnosed with hypertension (HTN). The health belief model, social learning theory, the self-regulation model and the theory of reasoned action guided this project. Providers in a primary care clinic completed the 4-question Morisky, Green, and Levine adherence scale with 50 HTN patients previously enrolled in a HTM. Survey results revealed that after 2 years in the program, patients were still forgetting …

Cybersecurity Strategies For Universities With Bring Your Own Device Programs, Hai Vu Nguyen

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The bring your own device (BYOD) phenomenon has proliferated, making its way into different business and educational sectors and enabling multiple vectors of attack and vulnerability to protected data. The purpose of this multiple-case study was to explore the strategies information technology (IT) security professionals working in a university setting use to secure an environment to support BYOD in a university system. The study population was comprised of IT security professionals from the University of California campuses currently managing a network environment for at least 2 years where BYOD has been implemented. Protection motivation theory was the study's conceptual framework. …