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3 Honored As Emeritus Faculty, Haley Herfurth

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No abstract provided.

"The Dead Shall Be Raised": Multidisciplinary Analysis Of Human Skeletons Reveals Complexity In 19th Century Immigrant Socioeconomic History And Identity In New Haven, Connecticut, Gary P. Aronsen, Lars Fehren-Schmitz, John Krigbaum, George D. Kamenov, Gerald J. Conlogue, Christina Warinner, Andrew T. Ozga, Krithivasan Sankaranarayanan, Anthony Griego, Daniel W. Deluca, Howard T. Eckels, Romuald K. Byczkiewicz, Tania Grgurich, Natalie A. Pelletier, Sarah A. Brownlee, Ana Marichal, Kylie Williamson, Yukiko Tonoike, Nicholas F. Bellantoni

Biology Faculty Articles

In July 2011, renovations to Yale-New Haven Hospital inadvertently exposed the cemetery of Christ Church, New Haven, Connecticut’s first Catholic cemetery. While this cemetery was active between 1833 and 1851, both the church and its cemetery disappeared from public records, making the discovery serendipitous. Four relatively well-preserved adult skeletons were recovered with few artifacts. All four individuals show indicators of manual labor, health and disease stressors, and dental health issues. Two show indicators of trauma, with the possibility of judicial hanging in one individual. Musculoskeletal markings are consistent with physical stress, and two individuals have arthritic indicators of repetitive movement/specialized …

Comparison Of Two Commercial Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (Maldi-Tof Ms) Systems For Identification Of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria., Barbara A. Brown-Elliott, Thomas R. Fritsche, Brooke J. Olson, Sruthi Vasireddy, Ravikiran Vasireddy, Elena Iakhiaeva, Diana Alame, Richard J. Wallace, John A. Branda

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Objectives: This multi-center study’s aim was to assess the performance of two commercially-available matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) systems in identifying a challenge collection of clinically-relevant nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).

Methods: NTM clinical isolates (N=244) belonging to 23 species/subspecies were identified by gene sequencing and analyzed using the Bruker Biotyper with Mycobacterial Library v5.0.0 and the bioMérieux VITEK MS with v3.0 database.

Results: Using the Bruker or bioMérieux systems, 92% or 95% of NTM strains, respectively, were identified at least to the complex/group level; 62% and 57%, respectively, were identified to the highest taxonomic level. Differentiation between members …

Unmet Needs Of Unaccompanied Minors From Central America: Perceptions Of Professionals From Multiple Sectors, Sheyla P. Medina, Carol Lewis, Roberta Goldman

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Background: In recent years, there has been a significant influx of Central American youth who cross the U.S.-Mexico border without a parent or legal guardian. While federal procedures are established to oversee the treatment and placement of unaccompanied minors, less is known about the needs of unaccompanied minors and available services afterthey are placed in appropriate custody.

Methods: Purposive and strategic sampling of professionals from medical, social work, education and legal fields was conducted. Fourteen informants were recruited across the U.S. for confidential semi-structured interviews, which were audio recorded and transcribed in 2016 to 2017. Standard anthropological …

The Skiles Mummy: Care Of A Debilitated Hunter-Gatherer Evidenced By Coprolite Studies And Stable Isotopic Analysis Of Hair, Kirsten A. Verostick, Isabel Teixeira-Santos, Vaughn M. Bryant Jr., Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

The Skiles Mummy (SMM), a naturally mummified adult male from the late archaic period of Lower Pecos Canyonlands of South Texas, represents a unique case of care. SMM is an exceptional mummy within this region due to both the retention of a full head of hair, and having a diagnosed case of megacolon, a complication commonly associated with Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Stable isotopic analysis of his hair is consistent with a diet incorporating of C₄/CAM plants with some C₃ plants, freshwater resources, and higher trophic level animals. However, the segments of hair most …

Reduction Of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (Cauti) In A Critical Care Setting, Deborah Jackson, Lindsey Lucas, Shawn Taylor, Jonathan Archibald, Stephen Tyzik, Suneela Nayak, Ruth Hanselman, Amy Sparks

Operations Transformation

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common type of healthcare associated infections. Seventy five percent are related to indwelling urinary catheters. These infections come with increased morbidity and mortality risk. A team of intensive care providers at a large academic tertiary medical center initiated a quality improvement project to reduce the number of CAUTIs.

Baseline data established the total number of catheter days and CAUTIs by month. A subsequent root cause analysis was completed and several counter measures were developed to include a KPI implementation to track that all intensive care providers are educated in CAUTI and creation of …

Evaluation Of Epas1 Variants For Association With Bovine Congestive Heart Failure [Version 1; Peer Review: 2 Approved], Michael P. Heaton, Adam S. Bassett, Katherine J. Whitman, Greta M. Krafsur, Sang M. Lee, Jaden M. Carlson, Halden J. Clark, Helen R. Smith, Madeline C. Pelster, Veronica Basnayake, Dale M. Grotelueschen, B. Vander Ley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Background: Bovine congestive heart failure (BCHF) has become increasingly prevalent in feedlot cattle in the Western Great Plains of North America. BCHF is an untreatable complex condition involving pulmonary hypertension that culminates in right ventricular failure and death. A protein variant of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2α, encoded by the endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 gene, EPAS1) was previously reported to be associated with pulmonary hypertension at altitudes exceeding 2,000 m. Our aim was to evaluate EPAS1 haplotypes for association with BCHF in feedlot cattle raised at moderate altitudes (1,200 m).

Methods: Paired samples of clinical cases and unaffected controls …

Promotion Of Research And Its Economic Impact In Ireland, Mark Ferguson

HUCBMS: Heads of University Centres of Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

State V. Wilson Clerk's Record Dckt. 47275

Not Reported

No abstract provided.

Uab Receives Grant From Merck Foundation To Address Hiv Disparities In The Southeast, Alicia Rohan

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No abstract provided.

Microfluidic Systems For Cancer Diagnostics, Mohamed Sharafeldin

Doctoral Dissertations

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in noncommunicable diseases coming right after cardiovascular diseases. Early diagnosis is a key for improving survival expectancy and treatment outcomes as cancer in early stage is more responsive to treatment. Currently, center of diseases control and prevention (CDC) recommend regular screening for cervical, breast and colorectal cancers. Although other screening procedures are available for prostate, pancreatic, thyroid and ovarian cancer, they did not prove to be effective in reducing mortality rates of these cancers. Adaption of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening test for prostate cancer has not been related to improved survival …

"Smart" Technology: Do You Buy It? Adoption Of Digital Innovations, Laura Koyer Glass

Dissertations and Theses

With the increase in "smart" devices that connect to the internet, it is important to study how individuals perceive characteristics of innovations and how those perceptions relate to adoption behavior. This paper explores how attributes delineated by the diffusion of innovations (DOI) model (relative advantage, compatibility, visibility, trialability) and technology acceptance models (TAMs; perceived usefulness, ease of use) correlate with one's interest in using an internet-connected device. Eligible survey responses were collected from 116 participants which evaluated individual perceptions of new technology. Subsequently, quantitative analysis explored the relationship between individuals' technology perceptions and purchasing intentions. The current research extends pre-existing …

6 Ways To Reduce Hidden Hazards Of Tailgating, Haley Herfurth

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No abstract provided.

Learning Experiences Within Infectious Diseases Pharmacy Residency Programs In The United States: A Cross-Sectional Survey, Jonathan C. Cho, Matthew P. Crotty, Wesley D. Kufel, Elias B. Chahine, Amelia K. Sofjan, Jason C. Gallagher, Sandy J. Estrada

Pharmacy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Pharmacists with residency training in infectious diseases (ID) optimize antimicrobial therapy outcomes in patients and support antimicrobial stewardship (AS) programs. Although most ID residencies are accredited and assessed by certain standards, the degree to which these programs are similar is not known. Methods: A 19-item, cross-sectional, multicentered, electronic survey was distributed via e-mail to pharmacy residency program directors (RPDs) of all 101 second-year postgraduate (PGY-2) ID residency programs in the United States. Results: Survey responses were collected from 71 RPDs (70.3%); 64.8% were associated with an academic medical center and 97.2% focused primarily in adult ID. Rotations in the …

The Nuclear 18s Ribosomal Dnas Of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites, Josef Harl, Tanja Himmel, Gediminas Valkiūnas, Herbert Weissenböck

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Background: Plasmodium species feature only four to eight nuclear ribosomal units on different chromosomes, which are assumed to evolve independently according to a birth-and-death model, in which new variants originate by duplication and others are deleted throughout time. Moreover, distinct ribosomal units were shown to be expressed during different developmental stages in the vertebrate and mosquito hosts. Here, the 18S rDNA sequences of 32 species of avian haemosporidian parasites are reported and compared to those of simian and rodent Plasmodium species.

Methods: Almost the entire 18S rDNAs of avian haemosporidians belonging to the genera Plasmodium (7), Haemoproteus (9), …

The Importance Of Spatial Data To Open - Access National Archaeological Databases And The Development Of Paleodemography Research, Erick Robinson, Christopher Nicholson, Robert L. Kelly

Sociology, Social Work and Anthropology Faculty Publications

With generous support from the National Science Foundation, we have spent the past four years developing an archaeological radiocarbon database for the United States. Here, we highlight the importance of spatial data for open-access, national-scale archaeological databases and the development of paleodemography research. We propose a new method for analyzing radiocarbon time series in the context of paleoclimate models. This method forces us to confront one of the central challenges to realizing the full potential of national-scale databases: the quality of the spatial data accompanying radiocarbon dates. We seek to open a national discussion on the use of spatial data …

Greater New Haven Community Index 2019, Mark Abraham, Camille Seaberry

Reports

No abstract provided.

Girls' Access To Education In Ghana, Harper Forsgren, Asia Haslam, Shelby Hunt, Nathan Heim, Andrew Wirkus

Ballard Brief

Lack of access to education negatively impacts a person's development in a number of ways and leads to fewer opportunities and increased risks for the individual. Females are disproportionately affected by the lack of gender equality in Ghana's educational system. This inequality comes as a result of practices such as child marriage, child labor, inadequate training of teachers. the inability to accommodate for girls' menstruation cycles at school, and hidden costs of sending children to school. All of these factors are confounded by social norms that tend to see female education as less valuable and thus more disposable than male …

Phenotype And Genotype Of Virulence Factors In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Different Clinical Samples, Nihad Khalawe Tektook, Mohammed Flayyih Tareef, Eptissam Younan Pirko

Al-Nisour Journal for Medical Sciences

Escherichia coli is the principal causative agent of most infection of bacterial origin, and extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) is responsible for 80% of infections of urinary tract in human bieng. The aim of this work was to study the distribution of some virulence factors of Escherichia coli in different type of human samples. This study was carried out in Baghdad cityIraq from January to June 2019, included 70 clinical samples (Blood, Urine and Wound samples) with positive culture for E. coli. Each sample was managed bacteriologically to isolate causative bacteria as mentioned in standard systems of bacteriology Lab. The …

Bourbon Virus In Wild And Domestic Animals, Missouri, Usa, 2012–2013, Katelin C. Jackson, Thomas Gidlewski, J. Jeffrey Root, Angela M. Bosco-Lauth, R. Ryan Lash, Jessica R. Harmon, Aaron C. Brault, Nicholas A. Panella, William L. Nicholson, Nicholas Komar

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Bourbon virus (BRBV) was first isolated from a febrile patient with a history of tick bites in Bourbon County, Kansas, USA; the patient later died from severe illness in 2014 (1). Several additional human BRBV infections were reported subsequently from the midwestern and southern United States (2). BRBV belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Thogotovirus, which is distributed worldwide and includes Araguari, Aransas Bay, Dhori, Jos, Thogoto, and Upolu viruses (1,3). Thogoto and Dhori viruses have been associated with human disease (4–6). Viruses within the genus Thogotovirus have been associated with hard or soft ticks (7). Recent studies suggest that …

Math 613-001: Advanced Applied Mathematics I - Modeling, V. Matveev

Mathematical Sciences Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Three-Dimensional Visualization Software Assists Learning In Students With Diverse Spatial Intelligence In Medical Education, Zehra Jamil, Amna A. Saeed, Sarosh Madhani, Safia Baig, Zahra Cheema, Syeda Sadia Fatima

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

This study evaluated effect of mental rotation (MR) training on learning outcomes and explored effectiveness of teaching via three-dimensional (3D) software among medical students with diverse spatial intelligence. Data from n = 67 student volunteers were included. A preliminary test was conducted to obtain baseline level of MR competency and was utilized to assign participants to two experimental conditions, i.e., trained group (n = 25) and untrained group (n = 42). Data on the effectiveness of training were collected to measure participants' speed and accuracy in performing various MR activities. Six weeks later, a large class format (LCF) session was …

Pioneers In Dermatology And Venereology: An Interview With Prof. Lawrence C. Parish., Lawrence Charles Parish

Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Stimulation With Ebola Vlps Containing And Lacking Rig-I, Julia Fogerty, Arden Heath, Ramila Shrestha, Osvaldo Martinez

Student Research and Creative Projects 2019-2020

Ebola virus (EBOV), a filovirus family member, is a highly pathogenic virus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) resulting in documented mortality rates in humans as high as 50%. Currently, the basic EBOV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine contains the Ebola virus (EBOV) matrix VP40 and attachment glycoprotein (GP). VLPs are morphologically and biochemically similar to parental virus, yet because they lack a genome and cannot replicate, are safe enough to be used as vaccines. We hypothesize that addition of a constitutionally active retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) would enhance the ability of the vaccine to induce interferon-dependent immune functions yielding …

Stimulation With Ebola Vlps Containing And Lacking Rig-I, Arden Heath, Ramila Shrestha, Julia Fogerty, Osvaldo Martinez

Student Research and Creative Projects 2019-2020

Ebola virus (EBOV), a filovirus family member, is a highly pathogenic virus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) resulting in documented mortality rates in humans as high as 50%. Currently, the basic EBOV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine contains the Ebola virus (EBOV) matrix VP40 and attachment glycoprotein (GP). VLPs are morphologically and biochemically similar to parental virus, yet because they lack a genome and cannot replicate, are safe enough to be used as vaccines. We hypothesize that addition of a constitutionally active retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) would enhance the ability of the vaccine to induce interferon-dependent immune functions yielding …

Stimulation With Ebola Vlps Containing And Lacking Rig-I, Ramila Shrestha, Julia Fogerty, Arden Heath, Osvaldo Martinez

Student Research and Creative Projects 2019-2020

Ebola virus (EBOV), a filovirus family member, is a highly pathogenic virus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) resulting in documented mortality rates in humans as high as 50%. Currently, the basic EBOV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine contains the Ebola virus (EBOV) matrix VP40 and attachment glycoprotein (GP). VLPs are morphologically and biochemically similar to parental virus, yet because they lack a genome and cannot replicate, are safe enough to be used as vaccines. We hypothesize that addition of a constitutionally active retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I) would enhance the ability of the vaccine to induce interferon-dependent immune functions yielding …

Eastern, Fall/Winter 2019, Eastern Washington University. Division Of University Relations.

Alumni Publications

This issue contains articles about: A Next-Generation Science Star Steps Up, Marcos Monteiro, a molecular biology standout, is the first-ever Goldwater Scholar, and Beauty Wild and Untrammeled, can Eastern restore a long-lost patch of prairie? EWU administrators announced a plan to restore a 120-acre parcel of university-owned farmland to its native habitat, thus creating a "living laboratory" of restored Palouse prairie proximate to the cheney campus, and Advancing the Standard, EWU's athletic director Lynn Hickey explains the hows and whys of proposed Roos Field renovations, and Eastern Achievers, an awards gala showcases the extraordinary stories of amazing Eagle alumni James …

Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Macrophage Activation: An Insight Into The Mechanism Of Thioredoxin-Mediated Immune Activation, Chontida Yarana, Hannah Thompson, Luksana Chaiswing, D. Allan Butterfield, Heidi L. Weiss, Subbarao Bondada, Sara S. Alhakeem, Suriyan Sukati, Daret K. St. Clair

Toxicology and Cancer Biology Faculty Publications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) generated from redox active anticancer drugs are released into the extracellular environment. These EVs contain oxidized molecules and trigger inflammatory responses by macrophages. Using a mouse model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced tissue injury, we previously found that the major sources of circulating EVs are from heart and liver, organs that are differentially affected by DOX. Here, we investigated the effects of EVs from cardiomyocytes and those from hepatocytes on macrophage activation. EVs from H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes (H9c2 EVs) and EVs from FL83b mouse hepatocytes (FL83 b EVs) have different levels of protein-bound 4-hydroxynonenal and thus different immunostimulatory effects …

Collaborative International Research In Clinical And Longitudinal Experience Study In Nmosd., Lawrence J Cook, John W Rose, Jessica S Alvey, Anna Marie Jolley, Renee Kuhn, Brie Marron, Melissa Pederson, Rene Enriquez, Jeff Yearley, Stephen Mckechnie, May H Han, Anna J Tomczak, Michael Levy, Maureen A Mealy, Jessica Coleman, Jeffrey L Bennett, Ruth Johnson, Myka Barnes-Garcia, Anthony L Traboulsee, Robert L Carruthers, Lisa Eunyoung Lee, Julia J Schubert, Katrina Mcmullen, Ilya Kister, Zoe Rimler, Allyson Reid, Nancy L Sicotte, Sarah M Planchon, Jeffrey A Cohen, Diane Ivancic, Jennifer L Sedlak, Ilana Katz Sand, Pavle Repovic, Lilyana Amezcua, Ana Pruitt, Erika Amundson, Tanuja Chitnis, Devin S Mullin, Eric C Klawiter, Andrew W Russo, Claire S Riley, Kaho B Onomichi, Libby Levine, Katherine E Nelson, Nancy M Nealon, Casey Engel, Mason Kruse-Hoyer, Melanie Marcille, Leticia Tornes, Anne Rumpf, Angela Greer, Megan Kenneally Behne, Renee R Rodriguez, Daniel W Behne, Derek W Blackway, Brian Coords, Terrence F Blaschke, Judy Sheard, Terry J Smith, Jacinta M Behne, Michael R Yeaman

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Objective: To develop a resource of systematically collected, longitudinal clinical data and biospecimens for assisting in the investigation into neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.

Methods: To illustrate its research-enabling purpose, epidemiologic patterns and disease phenotypes were assessed among enrolled subjects, including age at disease onset, annualized relapse rate (ARR), and time between the first and second attacks.

Results: As of December 2017, the Collaborative International Research in Clinical and Longitudinal Experience Study (CIRCLES) had enrolled more than 1,000 participants, of whom 77.5% of the NMOSD cases and 71.7% of the controls continue in active follow-up. Consanguineous …

The Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Orf34 Protein Interacts And Stabilizes Hif-2 Via Binding To The Hif-2 Bhlh And Pas Domains, Muzammel Haque, K. G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2019 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) play important roles in the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) life cycle. KSHV is the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and other AIDS-related malignancies. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a highly vascular tumor, which preferentially develops in the lower extremities of the body where blood vessels are often poorly oxygenated. The main cellular responses to hypoxia are mediated mainly by two isoforms of HIF, HIF-1 and HIF-2. HIF-1 and HIF-2 have common as well as distinct functions, although they are similar in structure and function. Previously, we …