Digital Commons Network^™

Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir, Ritonavir, And Dasabuvir With Or Without Ribavirin In Patients With Kidney Disease., David E Bernstein, Albert Tran, Paul Martin, Kris V Kowdley, Marc Bourliere, Mark S Sulkowski, Paul J Pockros, Boris Renjifo, Deli Wang, Diana L Shuster, Daniel E Cohen, Ira M Jacobson

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction: Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are a high-priority population for treatment.

Methods: We performed a

Results: SVR12 rates in patients with stage 1, 2, and 3 CKD were 97% (439/453), 98% (536/547), and 97% (32/33), respectively, with OBV/PTV/r + DSV; and, 96% (1172/1221), 96% (1208/1254), and 93% (55/59), respectively, with OBV/PTV/r + DSV + RBV. Overall rates of serious AEs and renal AEs were 3% (95/3567) and 2% (56/3567), respectively. Factors associated with an eGFR increase of ≥10 ml/min per 1.73 m

Conclusion: OBV/PTV/r + DSV ± RBV achieved high SVR rates …

A Tandem Mass Spectrometry Sequence Database Search Method For Identification Of O-Fucosylated Proteins By Mass Spectrometry., Kristian E Swearingen, Jimmy K Eng, David Shteynberg, Vladimir Vigdorovich, Timothy A Springer, Luis Mendoza, D Noah Sather, Eric W Deutsch, Stefan H I Kappe, Robert L Moritz

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Thrombospondin type 1 repeats (TSRs), small adhesive protein domains with a wide range of functions, are usually modified with O-linked fucose, which may be extended to O-fucose-β1,3-glucose. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of O-fucosylated peptides cannot be sequenced by standard tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) sequence database search engines because O-linked glycans are highly labile in the gas phase and are effectively absent from the CID peptide fragment spectra, resulting in a large mass error. Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) preserves O-linked glycans on peptide fragments, but only a subset of tryptic peptides with low m/ z can be reliably sequenced from ETD …

Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Is The Key Determinant Of Staphylococcus Aureus Pyomyositis In A Bacterial Gwas, Bernadette C. Young, Sarah G. Earle, Sona Soeng, Poda Sar, Varun Kumar, Songly Hor, Vuthy Sar, Rachel Bousfield, Nicholas D. Sanderson, Leanne Barker, Nicole Stoesser, Katherine R.W. Emary, Christopher M. Parry, Emma K. Nickerson, Paul Turner, Rory Bowden, Derrick Crook, David Wyllie, Nicholas P.J. Day, Daniel J. Wilson, Catrin E. Moore

ETSU Faculty Works

Pyomyositis is a severe bacterial infection of skeletal muscle, commonly affecting children in tropical regions, predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. To understand the contribution of bacterial genomic factors to pyomyositis, we conducted a genome-wide association study of S. aureus cultured from 101 children with pyomyositis and 417 children with asymptomatic nasal carriage attending the Angkor Hospital for Children, Cambodia. We found a strong relationship between bacterial genetic variation and pyomyositis, with estimated heritability 63.8% (95% CI 49.2-78.4%). The presence of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) locus increased the odds of pyomyositis 130-fold (p=10- 17.9 ). The signal of association mapped both …

A Bite Of The Big Apple: The Anthropology Of Pesticide Use In New York City, Faye O'Brien

Theses and Dissertations

Pesticide exposure in the developing world is well described in anthropology. How pesticide use and exposure is ordered and experienced socially, economically and culturally in Western urban communities is less well studied. The long-term consequences of synergistic pesticide exposure is not easily measurable, which this research addresses through social inquiry.

M 414.01: Deterministic Models, Leonid Kalachev

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Immunomodulatory Microbial Factors In Medicinal Plants, Kriti Kalpana

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Medicinal plants are one of the biggest sources of natural products with therapeutic importance. There are currently over 28,000 plants with putative medicinal values. Plant-derived compounds have been explored extensively for various biological activities ranging from anti-cancer, immune-boosting to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. Some of the most important therapeutic agents are of plant-origin, such as paclitaxel from Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) and artemisinin from qinghao su (a Chinese medicinal herb; a.k.a. Artemisia annua) to name a few.

The study presented in this thesis started out as classical pharmacognosy research, which focused on the identification of immunostimulatory factors in …

Ecological Niche Modeling As A Tool For Prediction Of The Potential Geographic Distribution Of Bacillus Anthracis Spores In Tanzania, Elibariki R. Mwakapeje, Sood A. Ndimuligo, Gladys Mosomtai, Samuel Ayebare, Luke Nyakarahuka, Hezron E. Nonga, Robinson H. Mdegela, Eystein Skjerve

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Introduction: Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The aim of this study was to predict the potential distribution of B. anthracis in Tanzania and produce epidemiological evidence for the management of anthrax outbreaks in the country. Methods: The Maxent algorithm was used to predict areas at risk of anthrax outbreaks based on the occurrence and environmental data in Arusha and Kilimanjaro regions; the model was later transferred to predict the entire country. Seventy percent of the occurrence data were used to train the model, while 30% were used for model evaluation. Results: Four regions of northern …

Biom 402.01: Medical Bacteriology And Mycology, Michael F. Minnick

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Clinical Research In Pneumonia: Role Of Artificial Intelligence, Timothy L. Wiemken, Robert R. Kelley, William A. Mattingly, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Radical Scavenging Of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Bone Cement By Rifampin And Clinically Relevant Properties Of The Rifampin-Loaded Cement, G. A. Funk, E. M. Menuey, K. A. Cole, Thomas P. Schuman, K. V. Kilway, T. E. Mciff

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of rifampin incorporation into poly(methyl methacrylate) (pMMA) bone cement. While incompatibilities between the two materials have been previously noted, we sought to identify and quantify the cause of rifampin's effects, including alterations in curing properties, mechanical strength, and residual monomer content.

Methods: Four cement groups were prepared using commercial pMMA bone cement: a control; one with 1 g of rifampin; and one each with equimolar amounts of ascorbic acid or hydroquinone relative to the amount of rifampin added. The handling properties, setting time, exothermic output, and monomer loss were …

When Surgeons Are Rarer Than Resources - Our Experience With Improving Access To Thoracic Surgery In An Urban Setting: A Special Report, Muhammad Bin Pervez,, Mehnaz Jabeen, Shiraz Hashmi, Saulat Fatimi

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

With progressive globalisation enabled by technology, there is an increased interest in finding viable solutions to the myriad health problems faced by developing countries. In countries like Pakistan, occasionally the challenge is not a dearth of material resources but rather unavailability of expertise. The current paper was planned to share a model that was successfully implemented in the urban setting of Karachi, Pakistan, from 2012 onwards which significantly improved access to thoracic surgery for underprivileged individuals. Our model focussed on a qualified thoracic surgeon reviving a defunct thoracic surgical unit thereby optimising the use of resources already available in the …

Genetic Associations Of Hemoglobin In Children With Chronic Kidney Disease In The Pedigfr Consortium, Meredith A Atkinson, Rui Xiao, Anna Köttgen, Elke Wühl, Craig S Wong, Matthias Wuttke, Aysun K Bayazit, Salim Çalişkan, Bradley A Warady, Franz Schaefer, Susan L Furth

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in healthy populations have identified variants associated with erythrocyte traits, but genetic causes of hemoglobin variation in children with CKD are incompletely understood.

METHODS: The Pediatric Investigation of Genetic Factors Linked with Renal Progression (PediGFR) Consortium comprises three pediatric CKD cohorts: Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD), Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on the Progression of CRF in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE), and Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD (4C). We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal association studies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1125 patients.

RESULTS: Children of European (n = 725) or …

Children Of Mumbai’S Brothels: Investigating Developmental Prospects, Primary Relationships, And Service Provision, Rochelle L. Dalla, Sarah Erwin, Lee Kreimer

Department of Child, Youth, and Family Studies: Faculty Publications

Objective: To understand the context of the lives of children reared in India’s red-light brothel districts. Background: Substantial empirical insight has emerged on the commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). Yet the extant literature on brothel-based children (BBC), a uniquely vulnerable subset of at-risk children, is paradoxically deficient. Understanding the developmental needs of BBC is critical to mitigating risk.

Method: In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 9 service providers and 30 women residing in 2 red-light brothel districts of Mumbai. Phenomenological inquiry informed the research methodology and data analysis.

Results: Mothers’ goals for children included survival, academic success, and future …

Inflammatory Arthritis And Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection: A Diagnostic And Management Challenge For Knee Arthroplasty In Endemic Areas, Obada Hasan, Riaz Hussain Lakhdawala, Vickash Kumar, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Shahryar Noordin

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Tuberculosis continues to be one of the most challenging health problems more prevalent in developing countries. Pakistan ranks 5th in tuberculosis prevalence among the high-burden countries. Prosthetic joint infection of the knee by acid fast bacilli is a rare and distressing complication, occurring in nearly 1% of primary joint arthroplasties requiring prolonged medical treatment and multiple surgeries. A recent publication extensively reviewed English literature from 1952 to 2016, and repor ted only 64 prosthetic joint infec tion with tuberculosis, of which 27 cases involved the knee. Tuberculosis is a global health problem adding to the challenges that arthroplasty surgeons face …

Somalia's Struggle To Integrate Traditional And Modern Governance: The 4.5 Formula And 2012 Provisional Constitution, Nasteha Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this project is to assess the impact of Somalia’s 4.5 power sharing formula on the consolidation of post-conflict governance. Per the peace agreement, seats in parliament are awarded to the four major clans which also dominate the election process. This has led to the perpetuation of many of the same social dynamics that lead to conflict in the past. Even though the 4.5 formula was not included in the constitution adopted in 2012, the elections methods from the formula were utilized in 2017 presidential elections. Although the goal is to move towards a one-man-one vote system, the …

Are There Optimal Alanine Aminotransferase And Hbv Dna Thresholds For Discriminating Hbeag-Positive Chronic Infection From Chronic Hepatitis?: An Evaluation Of 215 Young And Male Cases, Ercan Yenilmez, Riza A. Cetinkaya

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To define the importance of biochemical and virological thresholds for the prediction of significant liver diseases. Methods: A total of 215 young and male HBeAg-positive cases followed up in a tertiary training and research hospital in Turkey between 2008 and 2017 enrolled in the retrospective diagnostic accuracy study. Results: Fibrosis scores varied between 0-4, F1 (n=81, 37.6%) and F2 (n=82, 38.1%) were the most frequent fibrosis stages. Of the patients, 58.6% (126/215) had a significant histopathological abnormality (SHA). The ratio of SHA was higher for ALT >90 U/L (n=68/95; 71.6%) and HBV-DNA between 2,000,000-200,000,000 IU/mL (n=47/73; 64.4%). Thresholds for …

Severity Of Disease And Mortality For Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Viral Pneumonia Compared To Patients With Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Richard Y. Kim, Thomas Chandler, Stephen P. Furmanek, Timothy Lee Wiemken, Rodrigo Cavallazzi

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: There exists a large body of literature to help identify, diagnose, treat, and manage community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite this, there is little data that directly compares the clinical syndromes and complications of pure bacterial pneumonia to pure viral pneumonia. Our study compares the clinical presentation, morbidity and mortality of viral vs. bacterial etiologies of CAP.

Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) international study database. Data was collected concerning patient demographics, physical examination findings, laboratory findings, radiological findings, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes and stratified according to the two study groups, CAVP …

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: A Review Of Epidemiology And Treatment Options, Julie Harting

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

A Novel Diagnosis Scoring Model To Predict Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis In The Intensive Care Unit, Anna Rozaliyani, Rudyanto Sedono, Anwar Jusuf, Cleopas M. Rumende, Wahju Aniwidyaningsih, Erlina Burhan, Prasenohadi, Diah Handayani, Evy Yunihastuti, Forman E. Siagian, Achmad M. Jayusman, Adria Rusli, Saleha Sungkar, Joedo Prihartono, Ferry Hagen, Jacques F. Meis, Retno Wahyuningsih

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To improve the quality of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) management for intensive care unit (ICU) patients using a practical diagnostic scoring model. Methods: This nested case-control study aimed to determine the incidence of IPA in 405 ICU patients, between July 2012 and June 2014, at 6 hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Phenotypic identifications and galactomannan (GM) tests of sera and lung excreta were performed in mycology laboratory, Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia in Jakarta, Indonesia. Results: The incidence of IPA in the ICUs was 7.7% (31 of 405 patients). A scoring model used for IPA diagnosis showed 4 …

Assessment Of Vancomycin Utilization Among Lebanese Hospitals, Diana N. Malaeb, Iqbal M. Fahs, Pascale Salameh, Souheil Hallit, Manal Saad, Jassem Bourji, Rabih Hallit

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To assess the appropriateness of vancomycin dosing and monitoring at Lebanese hospitals. Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study conducted at 3 Lebanese hospitals between January and March 2018. Patients 18 years of age and older treated with vancomycin for a systemic infection or prophylaxis were eligible for study enrollment. Consistency with the Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines was evaluated to determine whether the dose of vancomycin was appropriate, as well as for the time of trough measurement, and the target concentration obtained. Results: From a total of 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria, only 11 (12%) …

Field Performance And Diagnostic Accuracy Of A Low-Cost Instrument-Free Point-Of-Care Cd4 Test (Visitect Cd4) Performed By Different Health Worker Cadres Among Pregnant Women, Stanley Luchters, Karl Technau, Yasmin Mohamed, Matthew F. Chersich, Paul A. Agius, Minh D. Pham, Mary L. Garcia, James Forbes, Andrew Shepherd, Ashraf Coovadia, Suzanne M. Crowe, David A. Anderson

Population Health, East Africa

Measuring CD4 counts remains an important component of HIV care. The Visitect CD4 is the first instrument-free low-cost point-of-care CD4 test with results interpreted visually after 40 min, providing a result of 350 CD4 cells/mm3. The field performance and diagnostic accuracy of the test was assessed among HIVinfected pregnant women in South Africa. A nurse performed testing at the point-ofcare using both venous and finger-prick blood, and a counselor and laboratory staff tested venous blood in the clinic laboratory (four Visitect CD4 tests/participant). Performance was compared to the mean CD4 count from duplicate flow cytometry tests on venous blood (FACSCalibur …

Parenteral Ascorbic Acid For Treatment Of Sepsis, Lindsey Hiatt

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Papers

Sepsis kills nearly 1 million people each year in the United States and sepsis-related hospitalizations cost approximately $24 billion annually (Paoli, Reynolds, Sinha, Gitlin, & Crouser, 2018). Current treatment guidelines are limited to targeted antibiotics and hemodynamic support. While antibiotics are the definitive treatment to eradicate the infectious pathogen, there are currently no standard-of-care treatments that consistently and successfully attenuate the damage sustained to the body by its own inflammatory response to infection. Many different treatments have been trialed and failed to show improved outcomes. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, has long been associated with supporting immune function, and has …

Fighting Novel Diseases Amidst Humanitarian Crises, Lawrence O. Gostin, Neil R. Sircar, Eric A. Friedman

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Humanitarian crises are becoming more prevalent and, frequently, more complex, in zones of mis-governance, lack of government presence, and even active conflict, marked by public mistrust and insecurity. The WHO and other health emergency responders lack the capacities and mandate to adequately respond. The current Ebola outbreak in an area of an active insurgency in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is just such a crisis. The State Department has banned U.S. personnel from the outbreak zone due to safety concerns, leaving the population feeling abandoned, potentially increasing the threat to the few brave health workers who remain.

We need …

“Little Tablets Of Gold”: An Examination Of The Psychological And Social Dimensions Of Prep Among Lgbtq Communities, Christina J. Sun, Kirsten M. Anderson, Kim Toevs, Dayna Morrison, Caitlin Wells, Christina Nicolaidis

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

There are significant psychological, social, and cultural dimensions to the HIV epidemic in the United States, especially among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities. Biomedical HIV treatment has been shown to impact these dimensions. However, there is little understanding of the real-world psychosocial and sociocultural effects of the latest biomedical HIV prevention strategy, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study explored the psychosocial and sociocultural dimensions of PrEP use among LGBTQ adults. We interviewed 23 LGBTQ adults who were current or former users of PrEP. Results included that PrEP users’ experiences were shaped by multiple forms of stigma. Participants …

Just Borders: The Foundations Of Immigration Policy, Cody Fenwick

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Do countries have a presumptive right to limit immigration at their discretion? It is often assumed that they do, though both the immigration restrictions championed in practice and the purported justifications for the principled right to deny entry to foreigners are often supported by implicit (or explicit) racist prejudices. Many political philosophers have offered putatively more sophisticated and reasoned defenses of the state’s discretionary right to restrict immigration. I discuss the philosophical arguments for the restrictionist view on grounds of national territorial rights, and separately, on the grounds of nationalist partiality toward one’s fellow citizens. I will argue that both …

Bisthioether Stapled Peptides Targeting Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Gene Repression, Gan Zhang

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Interactions between proteins play a key role in nearly all cellular process, and therefore, disruption of such interactions may lead to many different types of cellular dysfunctions. Hence, pathologic protein-protein interactions (PPIs) constitute highly attractive drug targets and hold great potential for developing novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of incurable human diseases. Unfortunately, the identification of PPI inhibitors is an extremely challenging task, since traditionally used small molecule ligands are mostly unable to cover and anchor on the extensive flat surfaces that define those binary protein complexes. In contrast, large biomolecules such as proteins or peptides are ideal fits …

Characteristics Of Late Fatal Infections After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation., Maxim Norkin, Bronwen E. Shaw, Ruta Brazauskas, Heather R. Tecca, Helen L. Leather, Juan Gea-Banacloche, Rammurti T. Kamble, Zachariah Defilipp, David A. Jacobsohn, Olle Ringden, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Kimberly A. Kasow, David Buchbinder, Peter Shaw, Peiman Hematti, Raquel Schears, Sherif M. Badawy, Hillard M. Lazarus, Neel Bhatt, Biljana Horn, Saurabh Chhabra, Kristin M. Page, Betty Hamilton, Gerhard C. Hildebrandt, Jean A. Yared, Vaibhav Agrawal, Amer M. Beitinjaneh, Navneet Majhail, Tamila Kindwall-Keller, Richard F. Olsson, Helene Schoemans, Robert Peter Gale, Siddhartha Ganguly, Ibrahim A. Ahmed, Harry C. Schouten, Jane L. Liesveld, Nandita Khera, Amir Steinberg, Ami J. Shah, Melhem Solh, David I. Marks, Witold Rybka, Mahmoud Aljurf, Andrew C. Dietz, Usama Gergis, Biju George, Sachiko Seo, Mary E D Flowers, Minoo Battiwalla, Bipin N. Savani, Marcie L. Riches, John R. Wingard

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

We analyzed late fatal infections (LFIs) in allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT) recipients reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. We analyzed the incidence, infection types, and risk factors contributing to LFI in 10,336 adult and 5088 pediatric subjects surviving for ≥2 years after first HCT without relapse. Among 2245 adult and 377 pediatric patients who died, infections were a primary or contributory cause of death in 687 (31%) and 110 (29%), respectively. At 12 years post-HCT, the cumulative incidence of LFIs was 6.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8% to 7.0%) in adults, compared with 1.8% …

Sharing The Gift Of Water: A Hoosier-Haitian Partnership, Lauren Ward

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Engagement Methods for International Food Security (YDAE 49100) provided an opportunity for enrolled students to travel abroad to Cap-Haitïen, Haiti. As both a course in agriculture and a service-learning study abroad, the overarching goal was to inspire, engage, and teach Purdue and Haitian students through service learning in agriculture. This was done by developing a project with teammates during the fall semester that was then presented to students in Haiti during the International Agri-Symposium at Université Antenor Firmin over winter break.

The Observer, Central Washington University

Student Newspaper

Student newspaper for Central Washington University for January 31-February 6, 2019. Vol. 112, No. 4.

Vol.46 N.28 January 31st 2019, Voice Media Ventures

Black Voice News

No abstract provided.