Digital Commons Network^™

The Choice Of Biopreparation For The Correction Of Intestinal Dysbacteriosis In Children With Chronic Hbv Infection And Giardiasis, Nargiza F. Nurmatova, Flora I. Inoyatova, Nargis K. Mirsalikhova, Malohat O. Asilbekova

Central Asian Journal of Medicine

Research objective: to assess efficiency of application of bio preparations in the correction of intestinal dysbacteriosis taking into account the results of “Load” test in vitro in children with chronic hepatitis B together with giardiasis. Material and methods. We examined one hundred and fifty children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with concomitant giardiasis in the age from 3 to 18 years old. The diagnosis was based on data from history, results of clinical tests, biochemical and instrumental tests. Laboratory diagnostics of giardiasis was performed using the following methods: immune fluorescent method (G. Lamblia antigen in feces), polymerase chain reaction (G. …

Langerhans Cells Orchestrate The Protective Antiviral Innate Immune Response In The Lymph Node., Eric B. Wong, Brian Montoya, Colby Stotesbury, Maria Ferez, Ren-Huan Xu, Luis J. Sigal

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

During disseminating viral infections, a swift innate immune response (IIR) in the draining lymph node (dLN) that restricts systemic viral spread is critical for optimal resistance to disease. However, it is unclear how this IIR is orchestrated. We show that after footpad infection of mice with ectromelia virus, dendritic cells (DCs) highly expressing major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II^hi DCs), including CD207⁺ epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), CD103⁺CD207⁺ double-positive dermal DCs (DP-DCs), and CD103⁻CD207⁻ double-negative dermal DCs (DN-DCs) migrate to the dLN from the skin carrying virus. MHC class II^{hi …}

Association Of Aspirin Use With Mortality Risk Among Older Adult Participants In The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, And Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, Holli A. Loomans-Kropp, Paul Pinsky, Yin Cao, Andrew T. Chan, Asad Umar

Open Access Publications

Importance: Aspirin use has been associated with reduced risk of cancer mortality, particularly of the colorectum. However, aspirin efficacy may be influenced by biological characteristics, such as obesity and age. With the increasing prevalence of obesity and conflicting data regarding the effect of aspirin in older adults, understanding the potential association of aspirin use with cancer mortality according to body mass index (BMI) and age is imperative.

Objectives: To investigate the association of aspirin use with risk of all-cause, any cancer, gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality among older adults and to perform an exploratory analysis of the …

2019-December-02-Studies Examine Medication Adherence Among Hiv-Infected Patients, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

No abstract provided.

An Electronic Medical Records-Based Approach To Identify Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury In Children., Tracy L. Sandritter, Jennifer Goldman, Clayton J Habiger, James F. Daniel, Jennifer Lowry, Ryan T. Fischer

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of liver failure in the United States and the most common cause of drug recall. As opposed to the recognized direct toxicity of super-therapeutic acetaminophen or chemotherapeutic agents in children, limited data exists for pediatric populations on the incidence of idiosyncratic DILI (iDILI) that may develop independently of drug dose or duration of administration. To improve the detection of adverse drug reactions at our hospital, we utilized electronic medical records-based automated trigger tools to alert providers of potential iDILI. Clinical criteria concerning for iDILI were defined as serum ALT > 5x or serum …

Three Essays On Fisheries Economics, David T. Suh

Doctoral Dissertations

Archival abstract submitted

Medication Management In A Primary Care Practice, Melissa Fowler

Doctor of Nursing Practice

Improving medication management has become the 3rd National Patient Safety Goal. Medication errors cost $42 billion annually. A 5-month quality improvement project was conducted in a primary care clinic located in a south Texas metropolitan city to address medication reconciliation problems. The project improved medication management by implementing 7 tools to decrease preventable medication errors: One Source Medication List, staff knowledge pre- and post-tests, visual signs and staff badges, staff templates, Beers Criteria pocket guide, patient brochure, and a quality improvement tracking form. There were two objectives: 1. Staff would improve medication reconciliation documentation by 50%. 2. For patients 65 …

Integrating Pharmacist Involvement Into A Student-Led, Peer-Reviewed Journal, Crystal Zheng, Nicole A. Mcelroy, Karen L. Kier

Pharmacy Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Histoplasma Capsulatum Ddr48 Gene Is Required For Survival Within Macrophages And Resistance To Oxidative Stress And Antifungal Drugs, Logan Blancett

Dissertations

Histoplasma capsulatum(Hc)is a systemic, dimorphic fungal pathogen that affects upwards of 500,000 individuals in the United States annually. Hc grows as a multicellular mold at environmental temperatures; whereas, upon inhalation into a human or other mammalian host, it transforms into a unicellular, pathogenic yeast. The research presented in this dissertation is focused on characterizing the DNA damage-responsive gene HcDDR48. HcDDR48was originally isolated via a subtractive DNA library enriched for transcripts enriched in the mold-phase of Hcgrowth. Upon further analysis we found that HcDDR48is not just expressed in the mold morphotype, but both growth programs …

The Antimicrobial Activity And Cellular Targets Of Plant Derived Aldehydes And Degradable Pro-Antimicrobial Networks In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Yetunde Adewunmi

Dissertations

Essential oils (EOs) are plant-derived products that have been long exploited for their antimicrobial activities in medicine, agriculture, and food preservation. EOs represent a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics due to the broad-range antimicrobial activity, low toxicity to human commensal bacteria, and the capacity to kill microorganisms without promoting resistance. Despite the progress in the understanding of the biological activity of EOs, many aspects of their mode of action remain inconclusive. The overarching aim of this work was to address these gaps by studying molecular interactions between antimicrobial plant aldehydes and the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We initiated …

Going Rogue: Mobile Research Applications And The Right To Privacy, Stacey A. Tovino

Notre Dame Law Review

This Article investigates whether nonsectoral state laws may serve as a viable source of privacy and security standards for mobile health research participants and other health data subjects until new federal laws are created or enforced. In particular, this Article (1) catalogues and analyzes the nonsectoral data privacy, security, and breach notification statutes of all fifty states and the District of Columbia; (2) applies these statutes to mobile-app-mediated health research conducted by independent scientists, citizen scientists, and patient researchers; and (3) proposes substantive amendments to state law that could help protect the privacy and security of all health data subjects, …

The R Journal (December 2019) 11(2): Complete Issue, The R Foundation

The R Journal

Editorial, Michael J. Kane

Contributed Research Articles

Using Web Services to Work with Geodata in R, Jan-Philipp Kolb

orthoDr: Semiparametric Dimension Reduction via Orthogonality Constrained Optimization, Ruoqing Zhu, Jiyang Zhang, Ruilin Zhao, Peng Xu, Wenzhuo Zhou, and Xin Zhang

coxed: An R Package for Computing Duration-Based Quantities from the Cox Proportional Hazards Model, Jonathan Kropko and Jeffrey J. Harden

Modeling Regimes with Extremes: The Bayesdfa Package for Identifying and Forecasting Common Trends and Anomalies in Multivariate Time-Series Data, Eric J. Ward, Sean C. Anderson, Luis A. Damiano, Mary E. Hunsicker, and Michael A. Litzow

Fitting Tails by the Empirical Residual …

Evaluation Of Antibacterial Activities For Three Commonly Used Antibiotics Produced By Different Manufactures On Female Urinary Tract Infection Uropathogens In Kalar City., Mohammed H. Fatah

Polytechnic Journal

Health professional staff often claims information about trying to differentiate the used antibiotics based on the manufacturers that produce the drug, which may lead to a differentiation in the prescribing of the antibiotics by a physician. Numerous antibiotics produced by different manufactures, under different brands names are available in pharmacies for urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment; this study proceeds to find out and evaluates antibacterial activities of three most used antibiotics, produced by different antibiotic producers on uropathogens in Kalar city. Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method is employed to assess antibacterial effectiveness of Amikacin (Ak), Levoflaxocilin (Lv) and Nitrofuratoin (Nr) against …

The Prevalence And Relationship Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection And Obesity In The Kurdish Population, Zjwan Housein, Goran Qader Othman, Hawro Dlawar Ismael, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali

Polytechnic Journal

Background: Globally obesity is a common health condition. A great number of investigators have been studying the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and obesity. It’s also known that H. pylori causes inflammation within the mucosa of the stomach which is known as gastritis. However, due to the arguable data in the literature, the relationship between H. Pylori and obesity remains debatable and there is no comprehensive proof for the association. Objective: To study the Prevalence and Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and Obesity. Methods: In this study 200 subjects were contributed, including 100 positive patients tested with H.pylori …

Dynamics Of Drug Resistance: Optimal Control Of An Infectious Disease, Naveed Chehrazi, Lauren E. Cipriano, Eva A. Enns

Business Publications

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant public health threat. In the U.S. alone, 2 million people are infected and 23,000 die each year from antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. In many cases, infections are resistant to all but a few remaining drugs. We examine the case where a single drug remains and solve for optimal treatment policy for an SIS infectious disease model incorporating the effects of drug resistance. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem with two continuous state variables, the disease prevalence and drug's "quality" (the fraction of infections that are drug-susceptible). The decision maker's objective is to …

Parsing The Effects Of Demography, Climate And Management On Recurrent Brucellosis Outbreaks In Elk, Gavin C. Cotterill, Paul C. Cross, Jerod A. Merkle, Jared D. Rogerson, Brandon M. Scurlock, Johan T. Du Toit

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

1. Zoonotic pathogens can harm human health and well‐being directly or by impacting livestock. Pathogens that spillover from wildlife can also impair conservation efforts if humans perceive wildlife as pests. Brucellosis, caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus, circulates in elk and bison herds of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and poses a risk to cattle and humans. Our goal was to understand the relative effects of climatic drivers, host demography and management control programmes on disease dynamics.
2. Using >20 years of serologic, demographic and environmental data on brucellosis in elk, we built stochastic compartmental models to assess the influences of climate forcing, …

Implementation Of Ventilator Bundle For Prevention Of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Abd-Elaleem Elgendy, Ahmed Y. Alsawah, Mahmoud M. Al-Shahat, Mohamed F. Alsoda, Mohammad A. M. Abboud, Sherif M. K. Reda

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. Objective The aim was to examine the effect of adherence to VAP prevention bundle on the incidence of VAP in PICU. Patients and methods A prospective comparative study was conducted in Al-Hussein University Hospital on all patients admitted and ventilated in PICU in a year from September 2017 until September 2018. They were divided into two groups: the first group included patients admitted to PICU after implementation of the study, comprising 43 patients as cases, and the second group included patients admitted …

Use Of Aerial Imagery And Novel Experimental Design To Determine The Distribution Of Foliar Diseases On Soybean And Improve Efficiency Of Product Testing, Mckayla Patterson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soybeans are grown on approximately 1.3 million ha in Arkansas generating an estimated $1.7 billion annually. Foliar diseases on soybean can result in economic losses. Growers spend significant time and money on disease scouting via crop consultants and often (subsequent) fungicide applications. Fungicide trials are often arranged in small plots designs. In these scenarios, spatial variability of foliar disease is minimized. While it is advantageous to minimize variance outside of treatment differences, another limitation with many small plot trials is ample disease pressure or having only lower severity. Within a commercial production field, soil types and disease severities vary. Logically, …

Small Ruminant Health Intervention Calendar In Ethiopia, Mesfin Mekonnen, Ayalew Assefa, Tesfalem Nane, Firdawok Ayele, Asrat Arke, Belay Elias, Barbara Wieland

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

Contents

1 Background................................................................................................... 3
2 Developing the health intervention calendar............................................................ 4
The treatment calendar ......................................................... 4 Applying the calendar..................................................................... 5 4 References................................................................... 8

Development And Evaluation Of A One-Step Multiplex Real-Time Taqman® Rt-Qpcr Assay For The Detection And Genotyping Of Equine G3 And G14 Rotaviruses In Fecal Samples, Mariano Carossino, Maria E. Barrandeguy, Erdal Erol, Yanqiu Li, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Mosquito Diversity And Positive Pools For The West Nile Virus In Forested Versus Non-Forested Areas, Elizabeth C. Paul

Honors Projects

The West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the leading causes of mosquito borne illness in the United States (CDC, 2018). This virus is a neurotropic pathogen that can cause fever and encephalitis. It is known that the Culex species is the primary vector for WNV. Humans infected with the WNV are typically asymptomatic. There is a small portion of individuals that experience West Nile fever which could include symptoms like high fever, vision loss, and coma (CDC, 2018). Previous studies have shown that mosquitoes tend to favor forests and wetlands (Hay et al., 1998), however, it is unknown if …

Electrospun Fibers And Nanoparticles For The Prevention Of Sexually Transmitted Infections., Kevin Michael Tyo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, with women disproportionately impacted by these infections. Currently, only oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is approved specifically for the prevention of HIV-1, but is challenged with adverse side effects associated with long-term use. Topical delivery platforms, such as gels and films, deliver agents directly to the female reproductive tract, but are limited in providing transient-release. The technology of polymeric electrospun fibers may serve as alternative topical delivery platform to the female reproductive tract. In these studies, we fabricated electrospun fibers comprised of different polymers …

On The Edge: The Ada's Direct Threat Defense And The Objective Reasonableness Standard, Jarod S. Gonzalez

Marquette Law Review

One of the most important issues under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is the appropriate standard for evaluating Title I employment disability discrimination cases where the employer argues that the employee has a medical condition that poses too much of a safety risk for the employee to work in a particular position. This is called the “direct threat” concept. In general, this permits an employer to discriminate against an employee on the basis of disability if the employee poses a “significant risk of substantial harm to the health or safety of the individual or others that cannot be eliminated …

Serological Survey And Pathogen Exposure Of Adult Female White-Tailed Deer In The Western Dakotas, Katherine L. Moratz, Bailey S. Gullikson, Eric S. Michel, Daniel M. Grove, Jonathan A. Jenks, William Jensen

The Prairie Naturalist

Establishing baseline values for pathogen exposure and nutritional indices is necessary to monitor population health. However, little is known about white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) pathogen exposure and nutritional condition in the Northern Great Plains. Our objective was to assess pathogen exposure and establish nutritional indices for female white-tailed deer in Dunn and Grant counties, North Dakota and Perkins County, South Dakota. During 2014, we collected blood serum from 150 adult female white-tailed deer. Pathogens with the highest antibody prevalence included West Nile Virus (WNV; 85%), epizootic hemorrhagic disease (48%), and malignant catarrhal fever (32%). Serum values for creatine …

Editorial, Michael J. Kane

The R Journal

On behalf of the editorial board, I am pleased to present Volume 11, Issue 2 of the R Journal and my first issue as the Editor in Chief. This year, both Colin Gillespie and Catherine Healey join the Editorial Board, and Norm Matloff will rotate out. The R Journal continues to see increases in impact and popularity and this year we plan on making advances to better serve the community and streamline the publishing process to meet the increase in submissions we have seen over the last few years.

The Idspatialstats R Package: Quantifying Spatial Dependence Of Infectious Disease Spread, John R. Giles, Henrik Salje, Justin Lessler

The R Journal

Spatial statistics for infectious diseases are important because the spatial and temporal scale over which transmission operates determine the dynamics of disease spread. Many methods for quantifying the distribution and clustering of spatial point patterns have been developed (e.g. K-function and pair correlation function) and are routinely applied to infectious disease case occurrence data. However, these methods do not explicitly account for overlapping chains of transmission and require knowledge of the underlying population distribution, which can be limiting when analyzing epidemic case occurrence data. Therefore, we developed two novel spatial statistics that account for these effects to estimate: 1) …

Incorporating In-Source Fragments Improves Metabolite Identification Accuracy In Untargeted Lcms And Lcms/Ms Datasets., Brian C Searle, Jacob C Lippincott, Phillip M Seitzer

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

In untargeted metabolomics experiments library search engines detect metabolites using several features, including precursor mass, isotopic distribution, retention time, and MS2 fragmentation. Matching acquired MS2 to library spectra is vital as numerous compounds share molecular formulas, resulting in identical precursor measurements and similar retention times. However, many metabolomics experiments are still collected using LC-MS only, and even in LC-MS/MS experiments many precursors lack MS2 spectra due to the stochastic nature of data dependent acquisition. We observe that when metabolites ionize they can produce unanticipated MS1 features resulting from neutral losses, in-source fragmentation, multimerization, and adducts. Here we present a new …

Learn Model Of Career Trajectories: Application To The Stem Postdoctoral Scholar, Audrey J. Jaeger, Karen J. Haley, Tara D. Hudson

Journal of Global Education and Research

Postdoctoral scholars constitute a sizeable population within the academic workforce. Given the intended role of a postdoc position as a time of advanced training and professional development for a future academic career, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields, it is important to understand whether and how well the career-related needs of postdocs are being met. The purpose of this research was to understand STEM postdoctoral scholars’ career trajectories, with particular attention to the influences on their career-related decision making, by applying the Life Experiences and Role Negotiations (LEARN) model to qualitative data from interviews with 19 STEM …

Kujdesi Infermieror Te Pacientët Me Infeksione Të Organeve Urinare, Blerinë Zeqiri

Theses and Dissertations

Qëllimi i këtij hulumtimi është që të konstatohet se sa janë të përhapura infeksionet e traktit urinar në rajonin e Ferizajit, shkaktarët, mosha dhe gjinia më e prekur .

Nga protokollet e repartit të urologjisë të Spitalit rajonal në Ferizaj rezultonë të jenë të regjistruar 172 pacientë të prekur në periudhën shtator 2018 – shtator 2019 ku gjinia më e prekur është gjinia femërore me 120 raste si dhe mosha më e prekur 45-74 vjeç.

Disa nga këshillat infermierore për ti evituar infeksionet urinare janë: të pihet shumë ujë, të shmangen pijet që mund të irritojnë fshikëzën, të mbahet higjena …

Anti-Viral Immunity In The Tumor Microenvironment: Implications For The Rational Design Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Oncolytic Virotherapy, Paul J.F. Rider, Ifeanyi K. Uche, Larissa Sweeny, Konstantin G. Kousoulas

Faculty Publications

© 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Purpose of Review: The design of novel herpes simplex type I (HSV-1)–derived oncolytic virotherapies is a balancing act between safety, immunogenicity, and replicative potential. We have undertaken this review to better understand how these considerations can be incorporated into rational approaches to the design of novel herpesvirus oncolytic virotherapies. Recent Findings: Several recent papers have demonstrated that enhancing the potential of HSV-1 oncolytic viruses to combat anti-viral mechanisms present in the tumor microenvironment leads to greater efficacy than their parental viruses. Summary: It is not entirely clear how the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment affects oncolytic …