Digital Commons Network^™

Failure Of Oxysterols Such As Lanosterol To Restore Lens Clarity From Cataracts, Damian M. Daszynski, Puttur Santhoshkumar, Ashutosh S. Phadte, K. Krishna Sharma, Haizhen A. Zhong, Marjorie F. Lou, Peter F. Kador

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The paradigm that cataracts are irreversible and that vision from cataracts can only be restored through surgery has recently been challenged by reports that oxysterols such as lanosterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol can restore vision by binding to αB-crystallin chaperone protein to dissolve or disaggregate lenticular opacities. To confirm this premise, in vitro rat lens studies along with human lens protein solubilization studies were conducted. Cataracts were induced in viable rat lenses cultured for 48 hours in TC-199 bicarbonate media through physical trauma, 10 mM ouabain as Na+/K+ ATPase ion transport inhibitor, or 1 mM of an experimental compound that induces water …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Hiv Infection Among People Who Use Drugs In Cambodia: A Cross-Sectional Survey Using Respondent Driven Sampling Method., Sovannary Tuot, Gitau Mburu, Phalkun Mun, Pheak Chhoun, Navy Chann, Kiesha Prem, Siyan Yi

BACKGROUND: Most of studies on the relationship between drug use and HIV have focused largely on people who inject drugs. Non-injecting drug use is much more common than injecting drug use, and although it can also predispose people to HIV infection, it is not widely explored. We therefore conducted this study to explore the prevalence of HIV and identify risk factors for HIV infection among people who use non-injecting drugs (PWUD) in Cambodia.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. The Respondent Driven Sampling method was used to recruit the study participants who were interviewed face-to-face using a structured …

Others’ Publications About Ehdi: October 2018 Through April 2019

Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention

No abstract provided.

Torsades De Pointes And Qt Prolongation Associations With Antibiotics: A Pharmacovigilance Study Of The Fda Adverse Event Reporting System, Chengwen Teng Pharm.D., Ph.D., Elizabeth A. Walter, Daryl Kevin S. Gaspar, Obiageri O. Obodozie-Ofoegbu, Christopher R. Frei

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Macrolides, linezolid, imipenem-cilastatin, fluoroquinolones, penicillin combinations, and ceftriaxone are known to be associated with Torsades de pointes/QT prolongation (TdP/QTP). Other antibiotics may also lead to TdP/QTP, but no study has systemically compared TdP/QTP associations for many available antibiotics.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between TdP/QTP and many available antibiotics using the FDA Adverse Event Report System (FAERS).

Methods: FAERS reports from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017 were analyzed. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to identify TdP/QTP cases. We calculated the Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) …

Heterogeneity In Surface Sensing Suggests A Division Of Labor In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Populations, Catherine R. Armbuster, Calvin K. Lee, Jessica Parker-Gilham, Jaime De Anda, Aiguo Xia, Kun Zhao, Keiji Murakami, Boo Shan Tseng, Lucas R. Hoffman, Fan Jin, Caroline S. Harwood, Gerard Cl Wong, Matthew R. Parsek

Life Sciences Faculty Research

The second messenger signaling molecule cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) drives the transition between planktonic and biofilm growth in many bacterial species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has two surface sensing systems that produce c-di-GMP in response to surface adherence. Current thinking in the field is that once cells attach to a surface, they uniformly respond by producing c-di-GMP. Here, we describe how the Wsp system generates heterogeneity in surface sensing, resulting in two physiologically distinct subpopulations of cells. One subpopulation has elevated c-di-GMP and produces biofilm matrix, serving as the founders of initial microcolonies. The other subpopulation has low c-di-GMP and engages in …

A Grounded Theory Study Exploring Lesbian Patient Self-Disclosure Of Sexual Orientation In Acute Care, Margaret Ruth Neese

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a grounded substantive theory to describe the process involved in lesbian self-disclosure of sexual orientation in acute care settings. Philosophical Underpinning: The philosophical underpinning was grounded theory as described by Strauss and Corbin (1998).

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - June 9, 2019, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the June 9, 2019 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's Newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

New lab technology at USA Health can rapidly identify pathogens for improved patient outcomes

Medical alumni gather for 2019 Reunion Weekend

Medical students present studies at M3 Case Report Symposium

Class of 2021 medical students prepare to receive white coats

Foraging Economics Of The Hunt Bumble Bee, A Viable Pollinator For Commercial Agriculture, Abby Baur, James P. Strange, Jonathan B. Koch

All PIRU Publications

Globally, there are only five bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombus) species that have been successfully commercialized for agriculture. The Hunt bumble bee, Bombus huntii Green, 1860, has been recognized as a suitable pollinator of crops and has a broad distribution in western North America, making it a viable candidate for commercialization. In this study, our goal was to characterize the foraging dynamics of B. huntii female workers under open field conditions. To accomplish this goal, we monitored three B. huntii colonies over an 8-wk period in the summer of 2012 in northern Utah. Using marked bees, we studied the …

The Psychological Implications Of Lyme Disease, Joseph Trunzo

Applied Psychology Department Faculty Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Telemedicine Infectious Diseases Consultations And Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Protocol, Jason P Burnham, Stephanie A Fritz, Lauren H Yaeger, Graham A Colditz

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine use is increasing in many specialties, but its impact on clinical outcomes in infectious diseases has not been systematically studied and reviewed. The proposed systematic review will evaluate the current evidence regarding the effect of telemedicine infectious diseases consultation on a range of clinical outcomes, including mortality, hospital readmission, antimicrobial use, and cost.

METHOD/DESIGN: Standard systematic review methodology will be used, with searches of Ovid MEDLINE 1946-, https://embase.com/ 1947-, Scopus 1823-, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and https://clinicaltrials.gov/ 1997-. There will be no restriction on language or year of publication. …

How Health Care Providers Can Use Digital Health Technologies To Inform Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Decision Making And Promote The Hpv Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescents And Young Adults, Versie Johnson-Mallard, Gabrielle Darville, Rebeccah Mercado, Charkarra Anderson-Lewis, Jann Macinnes

Faculty Publications

High-risk stains of human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to causing cancer, is highly prevalent, and has increased incidence among adolescents and young adults. However, vaccination rates are low. Health care provider recommendation is the biggest influencer toward vaccine uptake. Since more health care providers are using digital health technologies in their medical practices, this study investigated the feasibility of technology to increase informed decision making. A convenience sample of 210 students completed an online survey. Participants were 18–25 years of age (88%), female (85%), Caucasian (60%), and never been diagnosed with HPV (92.9%). Overwhelmingly, participants owned a smartphone (98.9%) and …

Is Selenoprotein K Required For Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection Within The Tick Vector Ixodes Scapularis?, Deepak Kumar, Monica Embers, Thomas N. Mather, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

Background: Tick selenoproteins are involved in regulating oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress during prolonged tick feeding on mammalian hosts. How selenoproteins are activated upon tick-borne pathogen infection is yet to be defined.

Methods: To examine the functional role of selenoprotein K in Borrelia burgdorferi infection within the tick host Ixodes scapularis, RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing was performed.

Results: Selenoprotein K is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein and a component of the ERAD complex involved in ER homeostasis. A qRT-PCR assay revealed the significant upregulation of selenogene K (selenoK) expression in B. burgdorferi-infected …

Aspiration Pneumonia After Spine Surgery At Tjuh, Daniel Franco, Md, Jesse Edwards, Md, Kristen Vogl, Pt, Barbara Baskin, Slp, James Harrop, Md

House Staff Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Conference (2016-2019)

Problem Definition

Aspiration Pneumonia after Spine Surgery at TJUH has a disproportionately high incidence, compared to other major academic centers When Aspiration Pneumonia is diagnosed in the immediate post operative period, this cascades into increased length of stay, increased overall cost and possibility negative impact for physician and hospital reimbursement At this time, it is unclear which criteria are used by physicians to determine whether an aspiration event has happened.

Reduction Of The Duration Of Contact Precautions In Patients With A Positive Mrsa Swab, Fadi Al-Saiegh, Md, Phyllis Flomenberg, Md, Giuliana Labella, Rn, Kelli Mcrory, James Harrop, Md

House Staff Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Conference (2016-2019)

Background

Contact precautions (CP) in hospitals are a method of infection control in the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms. Unfortunately, even though colonization with nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is common in asymptomatic patients (3.8-4.5%) (6,7), patients are screened for nasal MRSA since it associated with higher morbidity and mortality. However, those who test positive for nasal MRSA are kept on CP even with a cleared MRSA infection(1). At TJUH, patients were kept on CP for 24 months after a positive swab regardless of location. This, unfortunately, led to unintended negative consequences: delay in patient transfer to other facilities (e. …

Chart Review Observing Depression And Anxiety In A Cohort Of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Patients, Megan N. Feely

University Honors Theses

Previous work has shown that elderly women with chronic or infectious disease are at an especially high risk for mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Although, Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) is a common lung disease in Oregon, little research has been published on fundamental epidemiological measures such as prevalence, or incidence, populations risks, and disease comorbidities. The objective of the study is to build a rationale for screening for anxiety and depression in NTM patients through a review of current literature of other lung diseases. Additionally, this project includes a chart review that shows the proportion of patients with …

Eosinophils Downregulate Lung Alloimmunity By Decreasing Tcr Signal Transduction, Oscar Okwudiri Onyema, Yizhan Guo, Bayan Mahgoub, Qing Wang, Amir Manafi, Zhongcheng Mei, Anirban Banerjee, Dongge Li, Mark H. Stoler, Melissa T. Zaidi, Adam G. Schrum, Daniel Kreisel, Andrew E. Gelman, Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, Alexander Sasha Krupnick

Open Access Publications

Despite the accepted notion that granulocytes play a universally destructive role in organ and tissue grafts, it has been recently described that eosinophils can facilitate immunosuppression-mediated acceptance of murine lung allografts. The mechanism of eosinophil-mediated tolerance, or their role in regulating alloimmune responses in the absence of immunosuppression, remains unknown. Using lung transplants in a fully MHC-mismatched BALB/c (H2d) to C57BL/6 (H2b) strain combination, we demonstrate that eosinophils downregulate T cell-mediated immune responses and play a tolerogenic role even in the absence of immunosuppression. We further show that such downregulation depends on PD-L1/PD-1-mediated synapse formation between eosinophils and T cells. …

Culture-Based Analysis Of ‘Cave Silver’ Biofilms On Rocks In The Former Homestake Mine In South Dakota, Usa, Amanpreet K. Brar, David Bergmann

International Journal of Speleology

Tunnels in a warm, humid area of the 1478 m level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), located in a former gold mine in South Dakota, USA, host irregular, thin whitish, iridescent biofilms, which appear superficially similar to ‘cave silver’ biofilms described from limestone and lava tube caves, despite the higher rock temperature (32°C) and differing rock surface (phyllite) present at SURF. In this study, we investigated the diversity of cultivable bacteria constituting the cave silver by using several media: CN agar, CN gellan gum and 0.1X R2A agar. The highest colony count (CFU/g of sample) was observed on …

Dine With The Docs Connects Students With Faculty Mentors, Uab Heersink School Of Medicine News

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Extreme Site Fidelity As An Optimal Strategy In An Unpredictable And Homogeneous Environment, Brian D. Gerber, Mevin B. Hooten, Christopher P. Peck, Mindy B. Rice, James H. Gammonley, Anthony D. Apa, Amy J. Davis

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

1. Animal site fidelity structures space use, population demography and ultimately gene flow. Understanding the adaptive selection for site fidelity patterns provides a mechanistic understanding to both spatial and population processes. This can be achieved by linking space use with environmental variability (spatial and temporal) and demographic parameters. However, rarely is the environmental context that drives the selection for site fidelity behaviour fully considered.

2. We use ecological theory to understand whether the spatial and temporal variability in breeding site quality can explain the site fidelity behaviour and demographic patterns of Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus). We examined female site fidelity …

Price Variance For Malaria Prophylaxis Among Northeastern Us Pharmacies, Marcelo Gareca Md, Mark Knouse Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Investigating Cardiovascular Health Among Asian Americans, Adam Pope

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Review Of Chagas Disease And Treatment Obstacles To Eradication, Emily Sherman

Senior Honors Theses

The World Health Organization and the Center for Disease Control reports Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, as a major neglected tropical disease prevalent in 21 endemic Latin American countries. The agent of the disease is a single-celled protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, and common modes of transmission include infected feces of a triatomine bug, crossing the placental barrier, and blood products. The two phases of infection are acute and chronic, and the three most affected body systems are cardiovascular, digestive, and nervous. Although research has led to several advances in the knowledge of CD, there are gaps in treatment and epidemiological …

Using Big Data Analytics To Improve Hiv Medical Care Utilisation In South Carolina: A Study Protocol, Bankole Olatosi, Jiajia Zhang, Sharon Weissman, Jianjun Hu, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Xiaoming Li

Faculty Publications

Introduction Linkage and retention in HIV medical care remains problematic in the USA. Extensive health utilisation data collection through electronic health records (EHR) and claims data represent new opportunities for scientific discovery. Big data science (BDS) is a powerful tool for investigating HIV care utilisation patterns. The South Carolina (SC) office of Revenue and Fiscal Affairs (RFA) data warehouse captures individual-level longitudinal health utilisation data for persons living with HIV (PLWH). The data warehouse includes EHR, claims and data from private institutions, housing, prisons, mental health, Medicare, Medicaid, State Health Plan and the department of health and human services. The …

Social Clustering In Epidemic Spread On Coevolving Networks, Hsuan-Wei Lee, Nishant Malik, Feng Shi, Peter J. Mucha

Articles

Even though transitivity is a central structural feature of social networks, its influence on epidemic spread on coevolving networks has remained relatively unexplored. Here we introduce and study an adaptive susceptible- infected-susceptible (SIS) epidemic model wherein the infection and network coevolve with nontrivial proba- bility to close triangles during edge rewiring, leading to substantial reinforcement of network transitivity. This model provides an opportunity to study the role of transitivity in altering the SIS dynamics on a coevolving network. Using numerical simulations and approximate master equations (AMEs), we identify and examine a rich set of dynamical features in the model. In …

An Analysis Of Unvaccinated College Students’ Hpv And Hpv Vaccine Knowledge And Preferred Information Source, Keith Richards, Hannah Priest Catalano, Katherine Hyatt Hawkins

Discourse: The Journal of the SCASD

Receiving accurate human papillomavirus (HPV)/HPV vaccination information from a trusted source coupled with adequate HPV/HPV vaccination knowledge may increase college students’ likelihood to be vaccinated. This elicitation study, grounded in the information construct of the information–motivation–behavioral skills model, used a nonexperimental design with a convenience sample of 114 unvaccinated college students to assess HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge, desire for more information, and preferred source of HPV vaccine information. The sample answered slightly over half (58%) of questions related to knowledge of HPV correctly, 63% of the questions related to HPV vaccine knowledge correctly, and one-third (36%) wanted more information …

What's Happening: June 3, 2019, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Following In Their Footsteps, Dana Engelbert

University of Mississippi News

Sistrunk triplets discover paths to health care careers through Ole Miss

Effect Of D-Mannose On Gene Expression Of Neuraminidase Produced From Different Clinical Isolates Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Zina Hashem Shehab, Bahaa Abdullah Laftaahal-Rubaii

Baghdad Science Journal

The present work aimed to investigate the neuraminidase (nan1) gene expression in 32 different clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to explore the role of the enzyme in different types of infection and might give a better understanding of host cell-pathogens interaction. In addition, the effect of monosaccharide D-mannose on neuraminidase gene expression in eight isolates was studied by utilizing a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated that the highest expression of nan1 gene was in otitis samples (208,913.81) which were significantly higher than that from other infections (P < 0.01). While, the concentrations of gene copies obtained from urine, sputum and burns samples were 93,535.34, 92,254.64 and 74,029.63respectively. While the least expression in wound samples (32,017.06). This suggests that neuraminidase in ear samples might be more virulent and invasive followed by that from urine, sputum, burns and wounds samples. The considerable interest of addition D-mannose significantly reduced the rate of neuraminidase activity reached fivefold in some isolates. This indicates that D-mannose down regulates nan1 gene expression. Hence, this sugar could be used in the development of potential new antibacterial agents where it acts as a competitive neuraminidase inhibitors.

Stimulation Of Macrophage Cells Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Using Silver Nanoparticles, Rawa F. H. Al-Saeedi, Entsar J. Saheb

Baghdad Science Journal

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania tropica parasite. Current treatments for this parasite are undesirable because of their toxicity, resistance, and high cost. Macrophages are key players against pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule produce by immune cells, controls intracellular killing of pathogens during infection. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various types of infectious diseases. It has the ability to stimulate oxygen species production. This study aims to analyze the macrophages activation through NO production and estimate the cytotoxicity based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release upon exposure to L. tropica and Ag NPs. Serially …

Pharmacy Posters - 2019, Adam Pesaturo

Research and Education Posters

Pharmacy Posters - 2019