Digital Commons Network^™

The Accuracy, Fairness, And Limits Of Predicting Recidivism, Julie Dressel, Hany Farid

Dartmouth Scholarship

Algorithms for predicting recidivism are commonly used to assess a criminal defendant’s likelihood of committing a crime. These predictions are used in pretrial, parole, and sentencing decisions. Proponents of these systems argue that big data and advanced machine learning make these analyses more accurate and less biased than humans. We show, however, that the widely used commercial risk assessment software COMPAS is no more accurate or fair than predictions made by people with little or no criminal justice expertise. We further show that a simple linear predictor provided with only two features is nearly equivalent to COMPAS with its 137 …

The Winonan, Winona State University

The Winonan - 2010s

No abstract provided.

Extraterritorial Human Trafficking Prosecutions: Eliminating Zones Of Impunity Within The Limits Of International Law And Due Process, Caroline A. Fish

St. John's Law Review

(Excerpt)

This Note argues that the Baston court was incorrect both in finding the Amendment consistent with the protective principle and in its analysis of the defendant’s nexus with the United States. This Note asserts, instead, that (1) the Amendment is not valid under any traditional bases of prescriptive jurisdiction but is consistent with the United States’ international obligations to “extradite or prosecute,” and (2) the Amendment may be applied under the international anti-trafficking conventions to foreign defendants present in the United States, regardless of nexus, without violating due process.

Part I of this Note describes the complex nature of …

Alaska Justice Forum ; Vol. 34, No. 3 (Winter 2018) , Pamela Cravez, Araceli Valle, Geri Fox, N/A Uaa Justice Center

Vols 31-36 (2014-2019)

The Winter 2018 print edition of the Alaska Justice Forum features articles on evidence-based practices that have been incorporated into Alaska's criminal justice system: a new pretrial risk assessment tool designed to calculate a defendant's risk of failure to appear at trial or of committing another crime if released pretrial; and the Alaska Results First benefit cost analysis of established evidence-based programs designed to reduce recidivism. The Results First analysis also provides a new eight-year study of recidivism rates in Alaska. The Winter 2018 online edition includes expanded versions of print stories and a video (with transcript) which further describes …

Pretrial Risk Assessment Tool Developed For Alaska, Cravez N/A

Vols 31-36 (2014-2019)

Beginning January 1, 2018, judicial officers, defense attorneys, and prosecuting attorneys in all Alaska courts began to receive information from a new pretrial risk assessment tool that calculates whether a defendant is at low, moderate, or high risk for failure to appear at trial or to commit another crime if the defendant is released pretrial. The tool, incorporated in Alaska’s new bail statute, aids in the judicial officer’s decision regarding pretrial bail conditions. This article looks at risk assessment tools in general and describes the development of Alaska’s pretrial risk assessment tool.

Alaska's Evidence-Based Investment (Editor's Note), Cravez N/A

Vols 31-36 (2014-2019)

Pamela Cravez, editor of the Alaska Justice Forum, gives an overview of articles in the Winter 2018 edition, which focuses on evidence-based practices that have been incorporated into Alaska's criminal justice system.

Benefit Vs. Cost Of Alaska Criminal Justice Programs, Uaa Justice Center

Vols 31-36 (2014-2019)

The Alaska Results First report released by Alaska Justice Information Center (AJiC) in October 2017 shows the benefit to cost ratio (monetary return on the state’s investment) for Alaska's adult criminal justice programs, provides tools for assessing how changing the cost structure and delivery method can impact benefit to cost ratios, and provides a new eight-year study of Alaska recidivism rates. This article briefly summarizes the report and provides an introduction to an accompanying article about the report's findings on recidivism in Alaska.

Alaska Pretrial Risk Assessment Tool (Transcript), Fox N/A, Pamela Cravez

Vols 31-36 (2014-2019)

[This is a transcript of a video presentation, which can be found at https://youtu.be/wYEP3wDnVVQ.] Geri Fox, Director of the Pretrial Enforcement Division of the Alaska Department of Corrections, is interviewed by Pamela Cravez, editor of the Alaska Justice Forum, about the advantages and limitiations of Alaska’s new pretrial risk assessment tool. The tool, incorporated in Alaska’s new bail statute, calculates whether a defendant is at low, moderate, or high risk for failure to appear at trial or to commit another crime if the defendant is released pretrial, and aids in the judge's decision regarding pretrial bail conditions.

Expanded View Of Recidivism In Alaska, Valle N/A

Vols 31-36 (2014-2019)

This article describes findings on recidivism over an eight-year period for individuals released from Alaska Department of Corrections facilities in 2007. These findings emerged from the Alaska Results First (RF) analysis released by Alaska Justice Information Center (AJiC) in October 2017. In general, the RF findings corroborate previous analyses which examined recidivism patterns one to three years after release, but by following offenders for eight years, AJiC is expanding our understanding of recidivism patterns in Alaska for a large group of offenders, beyond any prior study.

An Information Theory Approach To Hypothesis Testing In Criminological Research, Gohar A. Petrossian, Mike Maxfield

Publications and Research

Background: This research demonstrates how the Akaike information criterion (AIC) can be an alternative to null hypothesis significance testing in selecting best fitting models. It presents an example to illustrate how AIC can be used in this way.

Methods: Using data from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, we test models of place-based predictor variables on street robbery and commercial robbery. We build models to balance explanatory power and parsimony. Measures include the presence of different kinds of businesses, together with selected age groups and social disadvantage.

Results: Models including place-based measures of land use emerged as the best models among the set of …

2018 Edition, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

The Sig

The Sig Newsletter from the Southwestern Oklahoma State University College of Pharmacy - 2018 Edition

"How Mature Are We? The Enduring Legacy Of Martin Luther King, Jr.'S 'Beyond Vietnam' Speech", Kristopher B. Burrell

Publications and Research

This speech was given by Dr. Kristopher Burrell on January 15, 2018 at St. Paul’s Church — National Historic Site, Mount Vernon, NY.

When Bad News Arrives: Project Hope In A Post-Factual World, Francis T. Cullen, Travis C. Pratt, Jillian J. Turanovic, Leah C. Butler

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

On the basis of limited empirical evidence, advocates of Project HOPE (Hawaii’s Opportunity Probation with Enforcement) have succeeded in spreading the model to a reported 31 states and 160 locations. A recent randomized control experiment across four sites has revealed negative results: no overall effect on recidivism. In this context, we examine how prominent advocates of Project HOPE have coped with the arrival of this “bad news.” Despite null findings from a “gold standard” evaluation study, advocates continue to express confidence in the HOPE model and to support its further implementation. The risk thus exists that Project HOPE is entering …

January 15, 2018

The Gavel Gazette

No abstract provided.

Community Or Chaos? Dialogue As Twenty-First Century Activism, Beverly Daniel Tatum

University of Memphis Law Review

No abstract provided.

Online Bachelor’S Ranked Among Nation’S Best By U.S. News, Lindenwood University

Archived Lindenwood Press Releases

No abstract provided.

Mlk50 Symposium: Where Do We Go From Here? Introduction To The Keynote Address, Doug Jones

University of Memphis Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Weekly Challenger, January 11, 2018, The Weekly Challenger, Et Al

Weekly Challenger Newspaper Collection

The January 11, 2018, issue of The Weekly Challenger.

The Most Shocking And Inhuman Inequality: Thinking Structurally About Poverty, Racism, And Health Inequities, Dorothy E. Roberts

University of Memphis Law Review

No abstract provided.

Discerning Suicide In Drug Intoxication Deaths: Paucity And Primacy Of Suicide Notes And Psychiatric History, Ian R. H. Rockett, Eric D. Caine, Hilary S. Connery, Gail D'Onofrio, David J. Gunnell, Ted R. Miller, Kurt B. Nolte, Mark S. Kaplan, Nestor D. Kapusta, Christa L. Lilly, Lewis S. Nelson, Sandra L. Putnam, Steven Stack, Peeter Värnik, Lynn R. Webster, Haomiao Jia

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Objective A paucity of corroborative psychological and psychiatric evidence may be inhibiting detection of drug intoxication suicides in the United States. We evaluated the relative importance of suicide notes and psychiatric history in the classification of suicide by drug intoxication versus firearm (gunshot wound) plus hanging/suffocation—the other two major, but overtly violent methods. Methods This observational multilevel (individual/county), multivariable study employed a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyze pooled suicides and undetermined intent deaths, as possible suicides, among the population aged 15 years and older in the 17 states participating in the National Violent Death Reporting System throughout 2011–2013. …

U.S. Vs. Europe In Higher Education, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

Last week, while in Spain, I had the chance to speak with several higher education officials about how academia compares between Europe and the U.S. As someone who received his under-graduate degree in Europe and his graduate education in the U.S. many years ago, I was very intrigued. And this is what I found out.

When I went to college at the Universitat de Barcelona in Spain, European undergraduate degrees were five years. During those five years, all the subjects that you took were both a year long, and also were all related to your field of study. The advantage …

The Role Of Rural Hospitals In Addressing Opioid And Other Substance Use Problems, John A. Gale Ms

Mental Health / Substance Use Disorders

Webinar presentation to the Small Rural Hospital Transition project addressing issues of rural opioid and other substance use issues, focusing on the role of rural hospitals, and the importance of community engagement. Component parts of an effective opioid/substance use system of care include prevention, treatment, and recovery. Models must be adapted to the geographic, resource, and cultural realities of rural areas. Examples of strategies are provided.

Short Of The Mountaintop: Race Neutrality, Criminal Law, And The Jericho Road Ahead, Mark Osler

University of Memphis Law Review

No abstract provided.

Legislatively Literate: Deeper Learning Through Collaboration, Rabia Hos, Grace Allbaugh, Julie Derden, Chad Kahl

Faculty and Staff Publications – Milner Library

This poster reports on an interdisciplinary, collaborative lesson plan developed by a teaching faculty member and three librarians. It explores the process, execution, and feedback on an assignment and library instruction session in which "students will research and present on one historical/legal event that has impacted English Language Learners (ELLs) in the United States and write a response about the ELL experience across time.

Testing Social Bond Theory On Hispanic Youth, Carla Alvarez

Theses and Dissertations

Hirschi's social bond theory plays a substantial role in the explanation of juvenile delinquency. While social bond theory appears to play an important role in explaining delinquency among Non- Hispanic Whites, research on Hispanic populations is limited. The purpose of this study is to test the validity of social bond theory within the context of delinquency among a sample of Hispanic youth. In this research, self-administered surveys were given to 169 middle school students at United Independent School District (UISD) in Laredo, Texas. Assault, school delinquency, and public disturbance were used as measures of delinquency. Multiple regression analyses were employed …

Measuring Perceptual Consciousness, Marjan Persuh

Publications and Research

Conscious perception is typically assessed with either objective or subjective measures (Seth et al.,2008). Measures are considered objective if conscious perception is estimated from performancein a discrimination task; inability to discriminate between stimuli is taken as evidence thatparticipants had no conscious perception (Hannula et al., 2005). Measures are considered subjectiveif participants report their visual experience on each trial (Sergent and Dehaene, 2004; Del Culet al., 2007). One type of subjective measures consists of metacognitivejudgments; the relationshipbetween metacognition and perceptual awareness is a matter ofdebate (Fleming and Lau, 2014;Jachs et al., 2015) and I will not discuss these measures further. Likewise, …

Youth And Sexual Harassment: From #Metoo To #Metook12, Heather R. Hlavka

Social and Cultural Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

State V. Getzloff Respondent's Brief Dckt. 45223

Not Reported

No abstract provided.

The State Of Utah, Appellee V. Eugene Christopher Wright, Appellant, Utah Supreme Court

Utah Supreme Court Briefs (2000–2020)

On appeal from a judgment of convictions for one count of first-degree murder in violation of Utah Code § 76-5-203, and one count of aggravated robbery, in violation of Utah Code § 76-6-302, in the Third District Court in and for Salt Lake County, the Honorable Royal I. Hansen presiding

MARK FIELD, SEAN D. REYES, Attorneys for Respondent

NATHALIE S. SKIBINE, Attorneys for Petitioner

The Bg News January 8, 2018, Bowling Green State University

BG News (Student Newspaper)

The BGSU campus student newspaper. January 8, 2018. Volume 97-Issue 35.