Digital Commons Network^™

“My Sexuality…It Creates A Stress”: Hiv-Related Communication Among Bisexual Black And Latino Men, New York City, Kirk D. Henny, Kathryn Drumhiller, Madeline Y. Sutton, Jose Nanín

Publications and Research

Men who have sex with men and women (including bisexual men) comprise 35% of all men who have sex with men (MSM) in the U.S. It is estimated that 121,800 men who have been bisexually active within the past year are living with HIV in the U.S. Communication about HIV may result in risk-reduction behaviors. However, little is known about the nature or context for HIV prevention communication among bisexual men, particularly for blacks and Hispanic/Latinos who are disproportionately at greater HIV risk. Therefore, we explored patterns and contexts of HIV-related communications occurring within personal social networks among bisexual black …

Substance Use, Hiv Serostatus Disclosure, And Sexual Risk Behavior In People Living With Hiv: An Event-Level Analysis, Matthew Sullivan

Master's Theses

Objective. Sexually active people living with HIV (PLWH) face difficult decisions about disclosing their HIV status to sexual partners. Alcohol and other drug use are prevalent in medically engaged PLWH, and could impact these decision-making processes. We sought to examine the event-level relationships between substance use, HIV disclosure, and condom use in PLWH.

Method. Adult PLWH were recruited from care settings in a southeastern US city. Participants reported psychosocial and health information at baseline, and reported their sexual behavior for 28 consecutive days via text message prompts. Multi-level modeling was employed to examine event-level associations between substance use, HIV disclosure, …

A Red List Of Mites From The Suborder Uropodina (Acari: Parasitiformes) In Poland, Agnieszka Napierała, Zofia Książkiewicz‑Parulska, Jerzy Błoszyk

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

This article presents a Red List of mite species from the suborder Uropodina (Acari: Parasitiformes) occurring in Poland. Evaluation of the conservation status of the analyzed species was compiled on the basis of new criteria, which may also be applied to other groups of soil fauna. The authors employ the names of categories proposed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). One of our aims was to review the IUCN criteria to ascertain whether they are applicable in an attempt to assess the danger of extinction of soil invertebrates, and to see whether the criteria can be adapted …

Setting The Stage: Reviewing Current Knowledge On The Health Of New Zealand Immigrants—An Integrative Review, Blessing Kanengoni, Sari Andajani-Sutjahjo, Eleanor Holroyd

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

The growth of migrant communities continues to rise globally, creating unique and complex health challenges. Literature on immigrant health in New Zealand (NZ) remains scant. This integrative literature review was conducted drawing on peer-reviewed research articles on immigrant health in NZ published between 2012 and 2018. The objectives were to: (i) provide a critical overview of immigrant health in NZ; (ii) identify general trends in health research conducted in NZ on immigrants; (iii) compare, contrast, and evaluate the quality of the information; (iv) develop a summary of research results and; (v) identify priorities and recommendations for future research. A search …

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation May Have Clinical Utility In Reducing Incidence Of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection, Jeremy A. Grekin

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Tariq R, Pardi DS, Tosh PK, Walker RC, Razonable RR, Khanna S. Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection reduces recurrent urinary tract infection frequency. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2017 Oct 30;65(10):1745–1747. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix618

There Is No Mortality Benefit To Using Quinolones Instead Of Azithromycin For Legionella Pneumonia, David B. Witcher

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Gershengorn HB, Keene A, Dzierba AL, Wunsch H. The association of antibiotic treatment regimen and hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with Legionella pneumonia. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2015;60(11):e66-e79. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ157

Exploring The Role Of Ceftaroline In The Treatment Of Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Zachary Meyer

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of File TM Jr, Low DE, Eckburg PB, Talbot GH, Friedland HD, Lee J, Llorens L, Critchley IA, Thye DA, FOCUS 1 investigators. FOCUS 1: a randomized, double-blinded, multicentre, Phase III trial of the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline fosamil versus ceftriaxone in community-acquired pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Apr;66 Suppl 3:iii19-32. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr096

A Longitudinal Examination Of Factors Associated With Network Bridging Among Ymsm: Implications For Hiv Prevention, Dexter R. Voisin

Faculty Scholarship

Social-environmental factors may be associated with social network stability, which has implications for HIV acquisition. However, the link between social-environmental factors, network composition and HIV risk has not been examined previously among a city-population based sample of young Black men who have sex with Men (YBMSM). Respondent driven sampling was used to recruit a cohort of 618 YMBSM. Respondents were evaluated at baseline, 9 and 18 months beginning June 2013. A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between bridging (i.e. having non-redundant contacts in one’s network, indicating network instability) and social-environmental factors and HIV risk factors between …

Propargyl-Linked Antifolates As Inhibitors Of The Folate Biosynthetic Pathway In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And M. Avium, Behnoush Hajian

Doctoral Dissertations

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has co-evolved with humans since the dawn of our species. Despite advances in antibiotic therapy, TB global burden is till enormous. Antimicrobial resistance and HIV epidemic challenge the ongoing efforts to control TB. Novel anti-TB agents are required to address the issues associated with current drug regimens and to improve the outcomes of TB therapy. In this work, we have evaluated the antimycobacterial activity of propargyl-linked antifolates against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant M. tuberculosis. Antifolates exerts their antimicrobial effect by interruption of folate biosynthetic pathway and one-carbon metabolism. We have successfully …

Bis-Cyclic Guanidine Compound Compositions, Methods Of Use And Treatment Thereof, Lindsey Neil Shaw, Renee Marie Fleeman, Richard Allen Houghten, Marcello Angelo Giulianotti, Radleigh G. Santos, Adel Nefzi

USF Patents

The present disclosure provides compositions including a bis-cyclic guanidine compound, pharmaceutical compositions including a bis-cyclic guanidine compound, methods of treatment of a condition (e.g., bacterial infection) or disease, methods of treatment using compositions or pharmaceutical compositions, and the like.

The Effects Of Juvenile Exposure To Sub-Lethal Concentrations Of Pesticides On The Adult Reproductive Biology Of The Male Southern House Mosquitoe, Culex Quinquefasciatus, Shiloh Dean Judd

LSU Master's Theses

Mosquitoes transmit pathogens capable of causing significant diseases, the worst of which can permanently disfigure or kill. Mosquito control efforts can be strengthened by better understanding all aspects of mosquito biology, but there is deficient information regarding sperm production in male mosquitoes. Understanding the sperm production and capacity of vector species may reveal new control strategies.

The goal of this research was to determine if larval exposure to sub-lethal concentrations, defined as killing less than half of the sample population, of pesticides negatively impacts the adult male reproductive health of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say. This study quantified …

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

Understanding How The Costimulatory Molecule Ox40 Engagement On T Cells Can Boost Immune Responses For Vaccine Applications And Immunotherapy., Archibald Agyekum-Yamoah, Archibald Agyekum-Yamoah

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Microscopic Fungi On Cadavers And Skeletons From Cave And Mine Environments, Alena Nováková, Alena Kubátová, František Sklenář

KIP Articles

No abstract provided.

Pediatric Peanut Allergy Prevalence Review, Kaitlyn Lynch

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: The rates of childhood allergies are increasing, prompting the need for continued research. The specific immune reaction to the allergen, peanuts, is the highest reported food allergy in children. The gap in knowledge is regarding the reasons behind the increased prevalence rates and the discrepancies in recommended guidelines for infant introduction of peanuts.

Purpose of Study: The review of studies narrowed down the reasons for prevalence and combined the current research into one integrative review. Additionally, the research standardized protocol recommendations for the early introduction of peanuts in infancy. The integrative review consolidated recent research on peanut prevalence …

Barriers To The Use Of Standard Precautions For Infection Control In Long Term Care Facilities: An Integrative Literature Review., Uyiosa Chu

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Barriers to the Use of Standard Precautions for Infection Control in Long Term Care Facilities.

Uyiosa Chu

Research Advisor: Michelle Neuman

College of Science & Health.

Background: Infection control is essential in long term care facilities (LTCFs) and the practice of standard precaution (SP) remains the main stay at reducing the rate of transmission of infectious diseases. However, compliance with the guidelines remain unacceptably low.

Objective: To identify the barriers that limit the use of standard control precautions in LTCFs and to evaluate how current measures address these barriers in order to improve compliance.

Methods: An integrative literature review was …

Academic Response To Storm-Related Natural Disasters—Lessons Learned, Jerris R. Hedges, Karam F.A. Soliman, Gene D’Amour, Dong Liang, Carlos E. Rodríguez-Díaz, Kenira Thompson, Josefina Romaguera, Silvia E.Rabionet Sabater, Richard Yanagihara

Faculty Publications

On 30 October 2017, selected faculty and administrators from Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) grantee institutions gathered to share first-hand accounts of the devastating impact of Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, which had interrupted academic activities, including research, education, and training in Puerto Rico, Florida, and Texas. The presenters reviewed emergency response measures taken by their institutions to maintain community health care access and delivery, the storm-related impact on clinical and research infrastructure, and strategies to retain locally grown clinical expertise and translational science research talent in the aftermath of natural disasters. A longer-term perspective was provided through a …

Intestinal Carriage Of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant And Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae In Healthy Us Children., Shamim Islam, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Neena Kanwar, Rendie Mchenry, James D. Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Mary E. Wikswo, Daniel C. Payne, Parvin H. Azimi, L Clifford Mcdonald, Oscar G. Gomez-Duarte

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background: The epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae intestinal carriage in healthy US children has not been well characterized.

Methods: Children between 14 days and 14 years of age were enrolled during well-child visits in Oakland, California, Kansas City, Kansas, and Nashville, Tennessee, between December 2013 and March 2015. Data on recent antibiotic use by the child and travel and hospitalization history of all members of each child's household were obtained with a risk-factor survey. Stool specimens collected from the subjects were screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-P) bacteria using CHROMagar ESBL medium. Putative ESBL-P Escherichia coli and Klebsiella colonies underwent phenotypic confirmation …

The Interplay Between Pain/Stress, Inflammation And Microbiota In Human Health, Wanli Xu

Doctoral Dissertations

Archival abstract submitted

Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias Jubatus) Strandings And The Role Of Pathogens In Reproductive Failure, Janessa A. Esquible

Fisheries

Steller sea lions (SSL, Eumetopias jubatus) have faced severe population fluctuations over the last five decades with a myriad of possibilities affecting their SSL population including disease, malnutrition, predation, climate change, entanglement in marine debris, and other factors. This thesis examined the effects that anthropogenic factors and disease may play in SSL strandings and reproductive failure. The goal of this study was to characterize long-term seasonality and spatial trends in SSL strandings and to investigate the role Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetti. Chlamydophila spp. and morbilliviruses may play in reproductive failure including spontaneous abortion and premature parturition. In Chapter 1, we …

Co-Infection With Vaginitis And Sexually Transmitted Infection May Be More Common Than Previously Acknowledged, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Ecology And Prevalence Of Ticks And Tick-Borne Bacterial Pathogens In Southeast Kansas, Abrar Alzahrani

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

Ticks are small arachnids which have the ability to acquire, maintain, and transfer pathogenic bacteria to human and animals by feeding on their blood. Diseases such as Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, Colorado tick fever, Ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), are becoming more prevalent in populations, creating global health and economic problems.

This research aimed to determine the frequency of three species of ticks, the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum), the Dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), and Black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) in southeast Kansas and adjacent areas. Another objective of the study was to determine …

Bezlotoxumab For Prevention Of Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection In Patients At Increased Risk For Recurrence, Dale N. Gerding, Ciaran P. Kelly, Galia Rahav, Christine Lee, Erik R. Dubberke, Princy N. Kumar, Bruce Yacyshyn, Dina Kao, Karen Eves, Misoo C. Ellison, Mary E. Hanson, Dalya Guris, Mary Beth Dorr

Open Access Publications

Background: Bezlotoxumab is a human monoclonal antibody against Clostridium difficile toxin B indicated to prevent C. difficile infection (CDI) recurrence (rCDI) in adults at high risk for rCDI. This post hoc analysis of pooled monocolonal antibodies for C.difficile therapy (MODIFY) I/II data assessed bezlotoxumab efficacy in participants with characteristics associated with increased risk for rCDI.

Methods: The analysis population was the modified intent-to-treat population who received bezlotoxumab or placebo (n = 1554) by risk factors for rCDI that were prespecified in the statistical analysis plan: age ≥65 years, history of CDI, compromised immunity, severe CDI, and ribotype 027/078/244. The proportion …

We Are...Marshall, August 15, 2018, Office Of Marshall University Communications

We Are ... Marshall: the Newsletter for Marshall University 1999-2023

No abstract provided.

Cinnamoyl- Oxaborole Amides: Synthesis And Their In Vitro Biological Activity, Maureen Gumbo, Richard M. Beteck, Tawanda Mandizvo, Ronnett Seldon, Digby F. Warner, Heinrich C. Hoppe, Michelle Isaacs, Dustin Laming, Christina C. Tam, Luisa W. Cheng, Nicole Liu, Kirkwood M. Land, Setshaba D. Khanye

College of the Pacific Faculty Articles

Due to the increased interest in their application in the treatment of infectious diseases, boron-containing compounds have received a significant coverage in the literature. Herein, a small set of novel cinnamoly-oxaborole amides were synthesized and screened against nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei for antitrypanosomal activity. Compound 5g emerged as a new hit with an in vitro IC50 value of 0.086 μM against T. b. brucei without obvious inhibitory activity against HeLa cell lines. The same series was also screened against other human pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), for which moderate to weak activity (10 to >125 …

Ability Of Phenolics In Isolation, Components Present In Supina Turf Grass To Remediate Candida Albicans (A72 And Sc5314) Adhesion And Biofilm Formation, Fatima Alessa

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Candida albicans inhabits the gastrointestinal tract dormant commensal member but can become an opportunistic pathogen when the host microflora or immune system is compromised. Adhesion to a biological or synthetic surface, followed by a morphological change from the yeast to hyphae phenotype. Biofilm formation is becoming a common occurrence on types of medical devices. Because C. albicans resistant to commonly available anti-fungal drugs is increasing, innovative treatments are critically needed. Phenolic compounds are promising anti-fungal synergists. Supina grass was used as the complex matrix as it is abundant and highly sustainable source of phytochemicals even though grass cuttings are typically …

Transcriptional Signatures Of Host Susceptibility In Urinary Tract Infections, Lu Yu

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common and highly recurrent. Two important non-behavioral risk factors for UTI in women are genetics and history of two or more episodes of previous UTI. However, specific mechanisms of how these two factors modulate host susceptibility to UTI remain unclear. Concordantly, inbred mice of various genotypes and with different infection histories exhibit different susceptibilities to acute and chronic bladder infection (cystitis), which recapitulates a range of clinical UTI outcomes observed in women. Early host-pathogen interactions have been shown to determine UTI outcomes in mouse models. Here, we used two …

The Mechanism Of Hyper Daptomycin Resistance In Corynebacterium Striatum And Daptomycinճ Mechanism Of Action, Nicholas Kevork Goldner

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Daptomycin, a last line-of-defense antibiotic for treating Gram-positive infections, is experiencing clinical failure against important infectious agents, including Corynebacterium striatum. The recent transition of daptomycin to generic antibiotic status is projected to dramatically increase availability, use, and clinical failure. Despite daptomycinճ more than 30-year history as an important antibiotic, four major questions were left unanswered. 1) How do bacteria become hyper-resistant to daptomycin? 2) What is the in vivo membrane target of daptomycin? 3) How does daptomycin interact with the membrane? 4) What is daptomycinճ mechanism of killing? These four questions have plagued the daptomycin field, and even now conflicting …

Identification Of Bhlhe40 And Irg1 As Essential Regulators Of The Inflammatory Response To Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Jeremy Peter Huynh

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Protective immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) must induce bactericidal functions while minimizing damage to the lung. Such responses require precise control of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors to regulate the recruitment and function of protective immune cells but the mechanisms by which this control is exerted remain incompletely defined. Basic helix-loop-helix family, member e40 (Bhlhe40) is a transcription factor known to regulate production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that affect protective immunity to Mtb. Immune-responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is an enzyme that generates itaconate, a metabolite with potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial roles during Mtb infection. The impact of Bhlhe40 and …

Breath Biomarkers And An Expanded Role For Isoprenoids In Plasmodium Falciparum, Chad Louis Schaber

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide, and efforts to combat it require novel insights into diagnostics, vector transmission, and drug inhibitor targets. Previous studies suggest that malaria infection causes hosts to preferentially attract the transmission vector, the Anopheles mosquito, but the mechanism and wider implication of these findings were not known. By analyzing the headspace above malaria parasite cultures, we identified several molecules that might engender mosquito attraction. We demonstrated that several of these molecules activate mosquito odorant receptors, including the known plant-emitted mosquito attractant _-pinene. During patient studies involving two independent pediatric clinical populations from Malawi, …