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Working Paper No. 10, The Epic Rise And Subtle Fall Of American Herbalism, Julia Schweid

Working Papers in Economics

This inquiry seeks to establish that we can track the development and evolution of herbalism as the initial form of medicine in American economic history. Upon colonization of North America, the indigenous people generously shared their knowledge of plant medicine with the settlers from Europe. The indigenous knowledge combined with the translation of ancient herbal texts created a synthesis of understanding and an important form of cultural exchange. People then began making attempts to standardize the medicine and its potency was compromised with the rise of the industry in patent medicine, or what I have named pseudo herbalism. It was …

Understanding Adolescent Physical Activity In The Early Nutrition Transitioning Country Of Haiti, Haley V. Becker

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The nutrition transition is underway in Haiti, giving rise to the dual burden of malnutrition. Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in mitigating the negative health consequences of nutrition transition and the dual burden, but heretofore this data has been unavailable for Haiti. This dissertation undertook an exploratory needs assessment providing baseline PA data for Haitian adolescents. It evaluated two different PA data collection methodologies: a cross-sectional survey adapted from the IPAQ long-form and objectively measured PA via Actigraph GT1M accelerometers. Next, it identified initial covariates of self-reported and objectively-assessed PA behaviors; data was operationalized as meeting the World …

Tall Tales Of Danger And Security: How A Critical Human Security Approach Can Address Major Contradictions Revealed Through A Critical Narrative Analysis Of Dominant U.S. Security Strategies, Stephen Schneider

Master's Theses

Over many generations, humans have developed many perspectives and practices regarding the best ways to recognize and address what they perceive to be dangerous. Stories are used to help shape and narrate perceptions about the world, and they serve to pass on vital information that impacts how a society responds to threats and vulnerabilities. These narratives of danger and security are subjective to the experiences and political intentions of society, and therefore in many ways are partial and biased in their assessments and policies. This results in flawed security practices that may actually exacerbate threats or create new insecurities. What …

Vitamin C In The Treatment Of Septic Shock, Alyson O. Shaughnessy, Matthew Tieszen

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2016 to 2019

Objective:To assess the efficacy of improving outcomes of septic shock treatment with the addition of Vitamin C to standard treatment compared to standard therapy alone. To assess whether or not Vitamin C has a favorable outcome in the treatment of septic shock in terms of decreasing duration of vasopressor usage, reducing duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and improving mortality.

Design: Systematic literature review.

Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms ascorbic acid, sepsis, septic shock, and vasopressors. In PubMed the following filters were used: humans only, clinical trials, studies within the past …

Using Clay Models To Measure Seasonal Predation On Eastern Red-Backed Salamanders, Emma Perry

Honors Program Theses and Projects

One of the many gaps we have in our knowledge of salamanders is that of predation. Most studies suggest that salamanders are eaten mainly by birds and snakes, but there are still several unanswered questions: What other types of animals tend to prey on salamanders? Is there any difference in predator type during different times of the year? In order to answer these questions, I studied predation on one particular species of salamander, Plethodon cinereus (eastern red-backed salamander). Models of the two primary color morphs of P. cinereus (striped and unstriped) were created using impressionable clay to determine types and …

Drawing The Line: Ancient Hominins And The Species Question, Erin Hurley, Carolyn Dillian

Honors Theses

he present paper asserts that groups such as Neandertals and Denisovans should be considered subspecies of H. sapiens. This contention is based upon the biological species concept and the fact that these groups interbred to create viable offspring. It is also stated that introgression from these groups made several positive contributions to the evolution of H. sapiens and their genome that may have served to promote the persistence of H. sapiens in Eurasia.

Implementing A Surgical Infection Prevention Practice In An Integrated Healthcare System, Tammy Peacock

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Problem: One of the most preventable health care associated infections (HAI) is surgical site infection (SSI). Approximately sixty percent of SSI’s could be prevented. The devastation of an SSI to the patient can be catastrophic. The cost to the health care system for treating SSI’s can be substantial (Ban et al., 2017).

Context: The rate of surgical site infections has been on the increase over the past three years. The concern for the amount of harm affecting our patients was worrisome. The cost of reputation and the bottom line to the organization was recognized by senior leadership. The support from …

Development Of Macromolecular Prodrugs For The Treatment Of Chronic Inflammatory Pain, Laura Weber

Theses & Dissertations

Chronic pain afflicts millions of people worldwide. Particularly, the inflammatory conditions in the incurable disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) generate persistent pain in its sufferers, for which a number of different analgesics have been prescribed, such as glucocorticoids (GCs) and opioids. However, administration of these pain- mitigating pharmaceutics is implicated in the development of adverse systemic effects due to their non-specific tissue distribution and quick excretion, eliciting the need for high dosing frequencies. To address this issue, this thesis is focused on the development of prodrugs based on a macromolecular design approach to instill preferential inflammation-targeting and retentive properties to common …

Association Between Systemic Inflammation And Nutritional Compounds In Maternal-Infant Dyads, Jessica N. Snowden

Theses & Dissertations

Many events during pregnancy and early infancy can affect infant brain development. Inflammation during pregnancy, around delivery and during early infancy appears to adversely affect infant brain development. As the brain is rapidly growing and developing from conception through early childhood, it is particularly vulnerable during this time to inflammatory insults, which may be exacerbated or ameliorated by nutritional factors. Inflammatory compounds, as well as many nutritional compounds, can be either pro- or anti-inflammatory. These compounds are of particular importance in preterm infants, who are at risk of deficiency in anti-inflammatory micronutrients typically stored as a result of prenatal maternal …

Characterization Of Mutations In The Receptor Binding Site Of Influenza A Viruses Determining Virus Host, Tissue, And Cell Tropisms Using Systems Biology Approaches, Feng Wen

Theses and Dissertations

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause occasional pandemics and seasonal epidemics, thus presenting continuous challenges to public health. Vaccination is the primary strategy for the prevention and control of influenza outbreaks. The antigenicity matched high-yield seed strain is critical for the success of influenza vaccine. Currently, there are several limitations for the influenza vaccine manufacture: 1) the conventional methods for generating such strains are time consuming; 2) egg-based vaccines, the predominant production platform, have several disadvantages including the emergence of viral antigenic variants that can be induced during egg passage; 3) vaccine seed viruses often do not grow efficiently in mammalian …

Surveillance, Prevention And Surgical Treatments For Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Kerui Xu

Theses & Dissertations

Liver cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer death, representing roughly 9.1% of all cancer mortality. Of all primary cancers of the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for roughly 85%. HCC has been increasing in the U.S. and other countries. In particular, HCC places a huge burden on the Chinese population, as China alone consists of approximately 50% of the total HCC cases and deaths. In China, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause for developing HCC. The two challenges in prevention and control of HCC experienced in China are low rates of HCC screening among the …

Isolated Gonococcal Extensor Tenosynovitis, Cory Lebowitz, Jonas Matzon

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a mucosal infection that has the propensity to disseminate, causing symptoms that commonly include arthralgias, skin lesions, fevers, chills, dysuria, genital discharge, septic arthritis, and/or tenosynovitis. Typically, gonococcal tenosynovitis affects the flexor sheath and is associated with arthralgias, skin lesions, or both. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been a documented case of isolated gonococcal extensor tenosynovitis. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy with isolated left upper-extremity gonococcal extensor tenosynovitis who was successfully treated with surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy.

An Assessment Of Preparations Made In The United States For Highly Hazardous Communicable Diseases Following The 2014-2016 Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic, Jocelyn J. Herstein

Theses & Dissertations

The 2014-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa was unprecedented in magnitude and scope. The threat of imported cases of EVD in the United States prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to establish a tiered network of hospitals to enhance domestic isolation capacity, including the designation of select hospitals as Ebola treatment centers (ETCs). As of spring 2015, no information existed on the capacity, physical infrastructure, staffing models, or infection control protocols of these newly-established ETCs, nor was there information on other highly hazardous communicable diseases (HHCDs) these units would admit. Moreover, no documentation was …

Strong Recommendation Towards Hpv Vaccination, Danielle Bogue

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Risk of future HPV related cancers remains high in individuals unvaccinated against HPV, leading to too many people dying from this preventable cancer. However, primary care providers’ strong recommendation to vaccinate and family education about HPV and vaccine efficacy have a positive impact on a family’s decision to vaccinate. The setting for this project was a Midwest suburban family healthcare practice. This process was implemented by providing the guardian with a handout, a short video on HPV, a question and answer period with the provider, and ended with the provider giving a strong recommendation towards HPV vaccination. Of the 35 …

Proximate Composition, Retained Water, And Bacterial Load For Two Sizes Of Hybrid Catfish (Ictalurus Furcatus X Ictalurus Punctatus) Fillets At Different Process Steps, Mohammad Manirul Haque

Theses and Dissertations

The overall baseline (as received) moisture, protein and fat content of hybrid catfish (Ictalurus furcatus x Ictalurus punctatus) fillets were 77.8 +/- 1.38%, 16.7 +/- 0.50% and, 5.7 +/- 1.6%, respectively. Small fillets (111 +/- 19 g) had higher (P≤0.05) baseline moisture (78.6 +/- 0.87% vs 76.8 +/- 1.15%) and lower (P≤0.05) fat content (4.7 +/- 0.64% vs 6.8 +/- 1.72%) than large fillets (247 +/- 62 g), whereas protein content was similar (P>0.05) for both sizes. Retained water of the final fresh and frozen fillets was 1.2 +/- 2.03% and 3.1 +/- 1.02%, respectively, irrespective of fillet size. …

Removal Of Dietary Antimicrobials And Effects Of Their Replacement With Bacillus Subtilis On The Growth And Intestinal Health Of Male Broilers, Kacey O'Donnell

Theses and Dissertations

The effects of dietary antimicrobial removal and Bacillus subtilis supplementation on the growth and intestinal health of male broilers were investigated. Birds were fed either a control, antimicrobial, or a B. subtilis probiotic diet at different feeding phases. Birds were challenged with a 10 × dose of a coccidiosis vaccine. Supplementation of B. subtilis in for antimicrobials in the late grower and early finisher phases improved growth similar to birds fed antimicrobials until withdrawal, while antimicrobial removal without B. subtilis supplementation in those periods hindered growth. The improved growth suggests that the probiotic was able to alleviate the stress of …

Social Inequality In The Early Bronze Age At Bab Edh-Dhra, Jordan, Natalie Patience

Theses and Dissertations

Bab edh-Dhra is the most extensively excavated cemetery from Early Bronze Age, Jordan. Despite thorough study, the social structure and existence of social inequality remain unclear. This was addressed using osteological evidence of physiological stress to compare between family tombs. In societies exhibiting social inequality, individuals of lower status experience higher levels of stress. Evidence of physiological stress (femoral length, LEH, metabolic disorders, periosteal reactions, cribra orbitalia, and porotic hyperostosis) was recorded using standard methods for 250 adults. The artifact counts in this study have been previously published. Differences in the frequency of stress indicators were compared using chi-square tests. …

Breeding Of Cool-Season Forage Grasses For Abiotic And Biotic Stress Tolerance In The Southern United States, Eric Douglas Billman

Theses and Dissertations

Abiotic stress tolerance and biotic stress resistance have long been targets for trait improvement in the field of plant breeding. To date, much of the target crop focus has been centered on commodity crops such as corn, soybean, wheat, and rice. However, little work has been conducted on improvement of these traits in forage grasses. This is due to a number of issues, particularly that most species are obligately outcrossing, the traits are governed by many genes at unknown loci, and are greatly affected by environmental variation. This creates major complications in successfully selecting and breeding populations of forage grasses …

System Dynamics Model Of Necrotic Enteritis And Its Predisposing Factors In Broilers, Yu-Bin Chou

Theses and Dissertations

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens type A is an important bacterial enteric disease of global broiler production. However, the dynamic interactions of NE and its predisposing factors are not fully presented by current studies. By using the System Dynamics (SD) Model, the epidemiological changes in susceptible-infected-removed models of NE and avian coccidiosis and their interactions in one or multiple grow-out cycles was established; meanwhile, the growth performance was measured by the average weights of infected and non-infected populations at harvest were estimated. The SD model provided direct and persuasive outcomes of the epidemiology and ecology of NE compared …

Vol.46 N.21 December 13th 2018, Voice Media Ventures

Black Voice News

No abstract provided.

We Are ... Marshall, December 12, 2018, Office Of Marshall University Communications

We Are ... Marshall: the Newsletter for Marshall University 1999-2023

No abstract provided.

Physella Acuta, Comparative Immunology And Evolutionary Aspects Of Gastropod Immune Function, Jonathan H. Schultz

Biology ETDs

Gastropod immunobiology has benefitted from investigations focused on the planorbid snail Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host for the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Though such concentrated efforts have elucidated fascinating aspects of invertebrate immunity, they have not provided full knowledge regarding the evolution of immune function among other gastropod species. This dissertation presents the importance of making strategic choices regarding which organisms to select for comparative immunology. Herein, the choice was made to investigate the immunobiology of Physella acuta, a freshwater snail species of the Physidae, a sister family to Planorbidae to which B. glabrata belongs. Benefiting greatly from …

Volume 56, Number 18: December 12, 2018, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Exploring Structure-Property Relationships Of Gags To Tailor Ecm-Mimicking Hydrogels, Ralf Zimmermann, Carsten Werner, James Sterling

Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitous in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and on cell surfaces. Due to their key role in development, homeostasis, pathogenesis, and regeneration, GAGs are increasingly used in the design of ECM-mimicking hydrogels to stimulate tissue formation and regenerative processes via specifically orchestrated cell-instructive signals. These applications first and foremost build on the ability of GAGs to effectively bind, protect, and release morphogens. The specificity and strength of morphogen-GAG interactions are largely governed by the number and spatial distribution of negatively charged sulfate groups carried by GAGs. Herein, we summarize a mean-field …

Effect Of Good Hygiene Sanitation And Personal Hygiene Depot Management Of Refill Drinking Water On The Quality Of Drinking Water Reviewed From Most-Probable-Number Coliform In Kediri, Indasah Indasah

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Drinking water is a basic human need and must meet health requirements. Drinking water depots are a means of filling drinking water which is in the process of processing raw water using treatment and sterilization system. Drinking water depots as providers of drinking water must also meet the requirements of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management must also be maintained so that the water produced meets health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sanitation hygiene and personal hygiene management of refill drinking water depots on the quality of drinking water in terms of the …

Improving Operating Room Turnover Cleaning Communication, Alexander Lao Jr.

Master's Projects and Capstones

Operating room (OR) turnover cleaning is an important part of perioperative workflow for surgical teams, particularly to prevent cross-contamination of infectious pathogens from the surgical environment to staff and patients. Incomplete OR turnover cleaning ultimately leaves vulnerable surgical patients at risk for surgical-site infections (SSIs) and other types of hospital acquired infections (HAIs), which leads to delays in overall operations of the OR. A microsystem assessment at a large metropolitan hospital revealed an issue with incomplete OR turnover cleaning evident by the presence of dirty canisters, filters, and unclean anesthesia machines/work-areas after sterile surgical supplies had already been opened in …

The Prevalence Of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (Esbl) Producing Gut Bacterial Flora Among Patients In Dr. Soetomo Hospital And Primary Health Centre In Surabaya, Dian Neni Naelasari, Eko Budi Koendhori, Linda Dewanti, Rosantia Sarassari, K Kuntaman

Folia Medica Indonesiana

The extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) producer bacteria until now were mostly identified in hospital environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of ESBL-producing gut flora and distribution of ESBL encoding genes between hospitalized patient in Tropical Wards of Dr. Soetomo Hospital and patient from a primary health centre (PHC) as community environment in Surabaya. Thiry rectal swab samples from hospital of Dr. Soetomo patients and from PHC (60 samples in total) were collected for this study. Samples were screened in MacConkey agar supplemented with 2 mg/L of cefotaxim, incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then the growing …

Icaa/D Genes And Biofilm Formation Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus In Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Putu Arya Suryanditha, Yoeke Dewi Rasita, Kartuti Debora, K Kuntaman

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern. One of the factors causing hospital infection is related to the ability of MRSA bacteria to form biofilms. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), encoded by ica gene, have an important role in S. aureus intracellular accumulation and aggregation. The aims of this study was to analyze the relationship between icaA, icaD genes and biofilm production in MRSA carrier and clinical isolate in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. This study was an observational study using cross sectional approach. The sample was 47 MRSA isolates is as follow 28 isolates from carrier and 19 were …

Review Article: Neonatal Sepsis In Thailand, Anucha Thatrimontrichai

Folia Medica Indonesiana

Neonatal sepsis is a burden around the world and causes high mortality and morbidity as well. Long-term neurodevelopmental disability may occur in survivors. General physicians, pediatricians, and neonatologists need be attentive to the proper diagnosis, starting, de-escalating or stopping empirical antimicrobials therapy in neonatal sepsis. Furthermore, multidrug resistant organisms have emerged among adults, children, and neonates in developing countries. Local epidemiology studies and antimicrobial stewardship programs are important for application of the best and specific treatments. Knowledge, definitions, and clinical practice of neonatal sepsis are updated in this review.

Impact Of Individual Traits, Saturated Fat, And Protein Source On The Gut Microbiome., Jennifer M Lang, Calvin Pan, Rita M Cantor, W H Wilson Tang, Jose Carlos Garcia-Garcia, Ira Kurtz, Stanley L Hazen, Nathalie Bergeron, Ronald M Krauss, Aldons J Lusis

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

Interindividual variation in the composition of the human gut microbiome was examined in relation to demographic and anthropometric traits, and to changes in dietary saturated fat intake and protein source. One hundred nine healthy men and women aged 21 to 65, with BMIs of 18 to 36, were randomized, after a two-week baseline diet, to high (15% total energy [E])- or low (7%E)-saturated-fat groups and randomly received three diets (four weeks each) in which the protein source (25%E) was mainly red meat (beef, pork) (12%E), white meat (chicken, turkey) (12%E), and nonmeat sources (nuts, beans, soy) (16%E). Taxonomic characterization using …