Digital Commons Network^™

Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Progress Notes

No abstract provided.

Momentum: Research & Innovation For Spring 2018, University Of Rhode Island

Publications (Research and Economic Development)

The Spring 2018 issue of Momentum: Research & Innovation, a periodical focused on research at the University of Rhode Island.

Ada Regulatory Compliance: How The Americans With Disabilities Act Affects Small Businesses, Joseph Chandlee

University of Baltimore Journal of Land and Development

No abstract provided.

Cambridge Handbook Of Public-Private Partnerships, Intellectual Property Governance, And Sustainable Development (Front Matter), Margaret Chon, Pedro Roffe, Ahmed Abdel-Latif

The Cambridge Handbook of Public-Private Partnerships, Intellectual Property Governance, and Sustainable Development

No abstract provided.

Effectiveness Of Tranexamic Acid Administration On Intraoperative Blood Loss In Elective Craniofacial Surgery, Kimberly Marie Vance

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if intraoperative use of tranexamic acid (TXA) was associated with estimated blood loss in patients who underwent elective craniofacial surgery.

Introduction: Intraoperative blood loss has been shown to significantly contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgical procedures. It is the responsibility of the anesthesia clinician to accurately assess and actively replace ongoing blood loss, as well as employ strategies to curtail perioperative hemorrhage. While numerous methods exist to minimize surgical blood loss, such as mild hypothermia and controlled hypotensive techniques, these interventions can prove hazardous in pediatric patients …

Are Higher Education Institutions Addressing The Employment Needs Of Clinical Laboratories In Rural Areas?, Pamela Dawn Meadows

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Clinical laboratories across the nation are faced with a shortage of qualified Medical Laboratory Technicians (MLTs) and Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLSs). As the clinical laboratory workforce continues to shrink, it is essential that higher education institutions acknowledge the employment needs of rural laboratories to ensure quality health care in underserved areas. An aging workforce, program closures, and a general increase in demand for laboratory testing have compounded the workforce shortage for rural clinical laboratories, which often face unique challenges. The purpose of this research study was to examine the perceptions of rural clinical laboratory managers toward higher education’s response to …

The Impact A Nurse's Work Environment Has On Breastfeeding, Ashley Dawn Hull

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

Breastfeeding is a global health initiative, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), because of its numerous health benefits to mothers and infants. Despite breast milk’s documented benefits to mothers and babies, many women are not choosing to breastfeed their infants. A lack of paid maternity leave policy within the United States influences postpartum responsibilities, physically, and psychologically. This paper presents nurses’ responses to the Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale survey regarding their workplace environment support of breastfeeding. Nurses providing direct patient care for more than 50% of their shifts revealed 45.5% disagreed in some variance with their comfort in …

Clostridioides Difficile Testing Of Bedside And Shower Curtains In C Diff-Positive Patient Population Rooms, Peggy Brown Mph, Cic, Carolyn Adamo Bsn, Mba, Rn, Cic, Scott Stienecker Md, Facp, Fshea, Fidsa, Cic

Infection Control

A poster presentation for an environmental contamination project.

Research Question: Are curtains in a C diff-positive patient room a potential source of contamination and risk factor of C diff infection for subsequent patients?

Honduras, Lisa Cunningham

English Faculty/Staff Publications

Honduras is located in Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean) between El Salvador and Nicaragua. It is 43,278 square miles (112,090 sq. km), consisting of mountains in the interior and narrow coastal plains. It has a population of 8,893,259, and a high percentage of Hondurans live in the two major western cities of San Pedro Sula and Tegu-cigalpa, the capital city (CIA 2016). Ninety percent of the Honduran population is mestizo, or mixed Amerindian and European descent. The remaining inhabitants are 7 percent Amerindian, 2 percent black, …

Mait Cells Are Activated In Acute Dengue Virus Infection And After In Vitro Zika Virus Infection., Dominic Paquin-Proulx, Vivian I Avelino-Silva, Bianca A N Santos, Nathália Silveira Barsotti, Fabiana Siroma, Douglas F Nixon, +Several Additional Authors

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are members of the Flaviviridae and are predominantly transmitted via mosquito bites. Both viruses are responsible for a growing number of infections in tropical and subtropical regions. DENV infection can cause lethargy with severe morbidity and dengue shock syndrome leading to death in some cases. ZIKV is now linked with Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal malformations including microcephaly and developmental disorders (congenital Zika syndrome). The protective and pathogenic roles played by the immune response in these infections is unknown. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a population of innate T cells with potent anti-bacterial …

Granulin Secreted By The Food-Borne Liver Fluke, Brandon Haugen, Shannon E Karinshak, Victoria H Mann, Anastas Popratiloff, Alex Loukas, Paul J Brindley, Michael J Smout

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne, zoonotic pathogen endemic to Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia. The adult developmental stage of the O. viverrini parasite excretes and secretes numerous proteins within the biliary tract including the gall bladder. Lesions caused by the feeding activities of the liver fluke represent wounds that undergo protracted cycles of healing and re-injury during chronic infection, which can last for decades. Components of the excretory/secretory (ES) complement released by the worms capably drive proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells and are implicated in establishing the oncogenic milieu that leads to bile duct …

Granulin Secreted By The Food-Borne Liver Fluke Opisthorchis Viverrini Promotes Angiogenesis In Human Endothelial Cells, Brandon Haugen, Shannon Karinshak, Victoria H. Mann, Anastas Popratiloff, Alex Loukas, Paul J. Brindley, Michael J. Smout

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

The liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne, zoonotic pathogen endemic to Thailand and adjacent countries in Southeast Asia. The adult developmental stage of the O. viverrini parasite excretes and secretes numerous proteins within the biliary tract including the gall bladder. Lesions caused by the feeding activities of the liver fluke represent wounds that undergo protracted cycles of healing and re-injury during chronic infection, which can last for decades. Components of the excretory/secretory (ES) complement released by the worms capably drive proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells and are implicated in establishing the oncogenic milieu that leads to bile duct …

Controlled Human Hookworm Infection: Accelerating Human Hookworm Vaccine Development, David Diemert, Doreen Campbell, Jill Brelsford, Caitlyn Leasure, Guangzhao Li, Naji Younes, +Several Additional Authors

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Controlled human hookworm infection (CHHI) is a central component of a proposed hookworm vaccination-challenge model (HVCM) to test the efficacy of candidate vaccines. Critical to CHHI is the manufacture of Necator americanus infective larvae (NaL3) according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) and the determination of an inoculum of NaL3 that is safe and reliably induces patent infection. Methods

cGMP-grade NaL3 were produced for a phase 1 trial in 20 healthy, hookworm-naïve adults in the United States, who received either 25 or 50 NaL3. Participants were monitored for 12–18 weeks postinfection for safety, tolerability, …

Transplantation Of Schistosome Sporocysts Between Host Snails: A Video Guide., Gabriel Mouahid, Anne Rognon, Ronaldo De Carvalho Augusto, Patrick Driguez, Kathy Geyer, Shannon Karinshak, Nelia Luviano, Victoria Mann, Thomas Quack, Kate Rawlinson, George Wendt, Christoph Grunau, Hélène Moné

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Schistosomiasis is an important parasitic disease, touching roughly 200 million people worldwide. The causative agents are different Schistosoma species. Schistosomes have a complex life cycle, with a freshwater snail as intermediate host. After infection, sporocysts develop inside the snail host and give rise to human dwelling larvae. We present here a detailed step-by-step video instruction in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese that shows how these sporocysts can be manipulated and transferred from one snail to another. This procedure provides a technical basis for different types of ex vivo modifications, such as those used in functional genomics studies.

Identification Of Unequally Represented Founder Viruses Among Tissues In Very Early Siv Rectal Transmission., Jian Chen, Yanqin Ren, Lance Daharsh, Lu Liu, Guobin Kang, Qingsheng Li, Qiang Wei, Yanmin Wan, Jianqing Xu

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Characterizing the transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses of multi-variant SIV infection may shed new light on the understanding of mucosal transmission. We intrarectally inoculated six Chinese rhesus macaques with a single high dose of SIVmac251 (3.1 × 104 TCID50) and obtained 985 full-length env sequences from multiple tissues at 6 and 10 days post-infection by single genome amplification (SGA). All 6 monkeys were infected with a range of 2 to 8 T/F viruses and the dominant variants from the inoculum were still dominant in different tissues from each monkey. Interestingly, our data showed that a cluster of rare T/F viruses was unequally …

Simulation-Based Training In Ebola Personal Protective Equipment For Healthcare Workers: Experience From King Abdulaziz University Hospital In Saudi Arabia, Jameel Abualenain, M. Al-Alawi

Emergency Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Millions of Muslims from across the world gather annually to perform pilgrimage. This can import unusual communicable diseases such as Ebola. Communicable diseases with a high risk of mortality necessitate special training to master the required competency to avert transmission of infections. The efficacy of simulation-based training (SBT) has been shown in such circumstances. Objective: We sought to develop an SBT program in Ebola Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for all healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study at the clinical skills and simulation center at the King Abdulaziz University. An interdisciplinary committee was formed to develop this …

Fusion, 2018, George Washington University, William H. Beaumont Medical Research Honor Society

Fusion

No abstract provided.

Adoptive T Cell Therapy For Epstein-Barr Virus Complications In Patients With Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders, L Mclaughlin, Catherine Bollard, Michael D. Keller

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) have an increased risk from acute and chronic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) viral infections and EBV-associated malignancies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative strategy for many patients with PID, but EBV-related complications are common in the immediate post-transplant period due to delayed reconstitution of T cell immunity. Adoptive T cell therapy with EBV-specific T cells is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with PID both before and after HSCT. Here we review the methods used to manufacture EBV-specific T cells, the clinical outcomes, and the ongoing challenges for future development of the strategy. …

Trends In Substance Use Treatment Admissions Among The Homeless In The United States: 2005-2015, Olubusayo Famutimi, Kip R. Thompson

College of Health and Human Services

No abstract provided.

The Trials And Triumphs Of The American Polio Vaccine (Poster), Dayna Hovern

Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

The Trials And Triumphs Of The American Polio Vaccine, Dayna Hovern

Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Capstone Projects

No abstract provided.

Digital Design And Fabrication Of An Atmospheric Aerosol Impactor Using A Formlabs Form 2 Sla 3d Printer, Stefan Vincent

CUP Undergraduate Research

Atmospheric aerosol (AA) particles are defined as solid or liquid particles suspended in the air. AA particles smaller than 10 μm in diameter are small enough to bypass the upper respiratory system which functions as a filter for harmful substances entering the lungs. AA particles can be collected using a device called an aerosol impactor. After collection, the particles can be analyzed offline for chemical composition using a variety of analytical techniques. The weight of a commercially manufactured AA particle impactor poses an issue if attached to a mobile AA particle sampling platform such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). …

The Impact Of Human Traffic On Wildlife Abundance On A Recreational Trail System In Southeastern Tennessee, Katherine Hesler, Aaron G. Corbit

Research in Biology

Humans impact wildlife in numerous ways. The most serious being direct habitat destruction due to the expansion of urban landscapes, farmland, logging, and other activities that consume natural resources. However, even outdoor recreation in relatively protected areas can exert an influence. While consumptive outdoor recreational activities, like hunting and fishing, directly impact wildlife populations, non-consumptive outdoor recreation, like hiking or mountain biking, can impact wildlife in less overt ways. Simply the presence of humans in a natural area can disrupt normal animal behavior and drive animals away from important resources. In this study we used trail cameras to examine the …

Lebanon: Cholera Outbreak, Muhammad Naqvi

Global Public Health

Lebanon is a country that has always been tangled with the ever looming threat of a growing health crisis. With a failing government and massive influx of refugees, mostly the victim of their war torn economy, it seemed inevitable that sanitation procedures would run short. Now the Lebanese people and government face the challenge of the spread of Cholera, a water-borne disease, within the countries vicinity as a result of mass pollution from the formation of informal settlements as well as the country being a hotbed for political instability. These have resulted in limited success in controlling the outbreak engulfing …

Guinea : Malaria, Madeleine Jacobson

Global Public Health

This brief analyzes malaria in Guinea and its impacts on individuals and the society. It consists of a geographic and demographic presentation of Guinea which includes information about its location, climate, natural resources, ethnic groups, politics and social internal and external challenges where human trafficking, lack of healthcare and refugees are discussed. The brief analyzes malaria´s transmission, diagnosis, preventions and a suggestion for an intervention.

Malaria is a vector-borne disease, which means that living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans, spread malaria. 70 percent of all malaria deaths occur in age years, but …

Ethiopia: Malaria, Courtney R. Olson

Global Public Health

Ethiopia is a developing country located on the easternmost part of Africa. Ethiopia has a population of around 105 million people. With such a high population, Ethiopia faces a majority of infectious diseases; one of which is Malaria. In Ethiopia alone, there are around 3 million cases of Malaria each year and it is known to be the biggest health risk for this developing country. Because a majority of Ethiopians live under the poverty line, adequate food, water, shelter, and medical services are slim to none. Although drug interventions have been found to be somewhat beneficial, the problem continues to …

Bulgaria: Brucellosis, Austin Wheeler

Global Public Health

In this brief we will discuss how a disease called Brucellosis has affected the country of Bulgaria. Bulgaria is a European country located towards the South Eastern part of Europe. A few points mentioned in the brief are what the disease can do to your body, through education of the disease we can show what a serious problem it is. The brief will also cover how you can contract the disease through animals, and how you can prevent contraction from occurring. The brief also includes a lot about the religious background of the country. This should hopefully be used to …

Burkina Faso: Dengue Fever, Jorune Gurevicius

Global Public Health

Burkina Faso is a country located in Africa and surrounded by Mali, Niger, Cote d’lvoire, Ghana, Benin and Togo. As of 2017, it has a human population of 17.3 million. Burkina Faso is one of the poorest countries and has one of the lowest literacy rates in the world. HIV/AIDS, malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever affect thousands of people in Burkina Faso. Dengue Fever is a viral infection, which is spread by mosquitoes to humans. It is easily caught in highly populated areas. On November 6, 2017 it was reported that there have been 9,029 cases, and 18 deaths …

The Gambia : Tuberculosis, Amen Belayneh

Global Public Health

Tuberculosis in the Gambia

This brief consists of some general information about Gambia, demographic information, the effects of tuberculosis in the country including the challenges brought forth by the disease, and some personal suggestions on the matter. From the general information on Gambia, we learn the location, political structure as well as major internal and external challenges faced by the country. Tuberculosis is one of the country’s major internal challenges in addition to its environmental and economic issues. Under the demographic information we get a broader idea of the Gambia people by looking at population demographic such as birth and …

Comoros: Malaria, Elizabeth Rennolds

Global Public Health

After human settlement and migration took place throughout the world, a disease known as malaria broke out within many countries. Malaria is a disease that comes from a fever where a parasite takes over one’s red blood cells with mosquitoes being the ones that transmit this disease. The symptoms of this disease are as follows: fever (typical cycles of fever, chills, sweating), joint pain, headaches, vomiting, convulsions, and coma. Malaria is a big issue in the Comoros, an island which can be seen in the Indian Ocean between the eastern coast of Africa and Madagascar, because of the many occurrences …